MBChB Clinical Scenarios

228 Medicines

List All Medicines

Medicine	Yr6	Indication(s)	Mechanism	Other Example(s)	Relevant Scenario(s)
0.9% sodium chloride		dehydration	intravenous fluid		[Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus], [Infectious disease outbreak], [Postoperative complications]
5% dextrose		hypoglycaemia	intravenous fluid		[Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus], [Infectious disease outbreak], [Postoperative complications]
abciximab		coronary angioplasty	glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist		[Acute chest pain], [Epistaxis]
acarbose		type 2 diabetes	alpha glucosidase inhibitor		[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]
acitretin		psoriasis	vitamin A analogue		[Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains]
acyclovir		Herpes virus infection	nucleoside analogue DNA inhibitor (prodrug) (Class: antiviral)		[Dysuria], [Acute or chronic red eye], [Unwell neonate]
adalimumab		rheumatoid arthritis	tumour necrosis factor inhibitor		[Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains]
adrenaline		cardiac arrest, shock, acute allergic reaction	sympathomimetic		[Child with respiratory distress], [Compromised airway], [Out of hospital cardiac arrest], [Heart failure]
alendronate		osteoporosis	osteoclast inhibitor (Class: bisphosphonate)
allopurinol		gout	xanthine oxidase inhibitor		[Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee]
aluminum hydroxide		peptic ulcer disease	antacid
amiloride		hypertension	distal tubule sodium reabsorption inhibitor (Class: diuretic)
amiodarone		arrhythmias	potassium channel blocker		[Arrhythmias], [Out of hospital cardiac arrest]
amoxicillin and clavulanic acid		bacterial infection	transpeptidase inhibitor & beta-lactamase inhibitor (Class: antibacterial: beta lactam - penicillin)		[Pneumonia]
amphetamine		drugs of abuse	adrenergic neurotransmitter releaser		[Alcohol and drug dependence disorders]
anastrazole		breast cancer	aromatase inhibitor
artemesin			anti-malarial drugs		[Febrile returning traveller]
artemisinin		malaria	generates oxygen free radicals from heme (Class: antiprotozoal)
aspirin		ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease (antiplatelet), pain	cyclooxygenase inhibitor		[Accidental overdose], [Acute chest pain], [Acutely painful limb], [Chronic limb pain], [Epistaxis], [Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment], [Preoperative assessment and management], [Risk assessment in early pregnancy], [Self-harm]
atenolol		hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, arrhythmias	beta-1 adrenoceptor antagonist	bisoprolol, carvedilol
atropine		bradycardia, treatment of cholinesterase inhibitor overdose, pupil dilation	muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist		[Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye]
azathioprine		inflammatory bowel disease, inflammatory arthritis	purine synthesis inhibitor (prodrug)		[Itching child]
beclomethasone		asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	anti-inflammatory corticosteroid		[Chronic shortness of breath], [Adult eczema], [Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain], [Hip fracture], [Itching child], [Sudden loss of vision and headache], [Sudden onset shortness of breath]
bendrofluazide		hypertension	distal tubule sodium reabsorption inhibitor (Class: diuretic: thiazide)
benserazide		used with levodopa (Parkinson's disease)	DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitor
benzoylperoxide		acne	acne treatments
benztropine		dystonia, Parkinson's disease	muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist/histamine (H1) receptor antagonist
benzylpenicillin		bacterial infection, prophylaxis against group B streptococcal disease in labour	transpeptidase inhibitor (Class: antibacterial: beta lactam - penicillin)	benzathine penicillin, flucloxacillin, amoxicillin	[Child with respiratory distress], [Child with sore joints]
bezafibrate		dyslipidemia	fibrate		[Acutely painful limb]
budesonide		asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	anti-inflammatory corticosteroid		[Child with respiratory distress], [Chronic shortness of breath], [Adult eczema], [Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain], [Hip fracture], [Itching child], [Sudden loss of vision and headache], [Sudden onset shortness of breath]
cabergoline		hyperprolactinemia	dopamine receptor agonist	bromocriptine
calcipotriol		psoriasis	vitamin D derivative		[Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains]
carbamazepine		epilepsy	sodium channel blocker		[Bipolar affective disorder], [Chronic illness in paediatrics], [Unexplained loss of consciousness]
carbidopa		used with levodopa (Parkinson's disease)	DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitor
carbimazole		hyperthyroidism	thyroid peroxidase inhibitor		[Hyperthyroidism], [Hypothyroidism]
cephazolin		bacterial infection	transpeptidase inhibitor (Class: antibacterial: beta-lactam - cephalosporin)	cefuroxime, ceftriaxone	[Child with red swelling around one eye], [Child with respiratory distress], [Osteomyelitis], [Preoperative assessment and management]
cetirizine		allergy	histamine (H1) receptor antagonist
chloramphenicol		bacterial infection	prevents 50S transpeptidation on 50S ribosome subunit (Class: antibacterial)		[Pancytopenia]
chlorpheniramine		allergy	histamine (H1) receptor antagonist
cholecalciferol		osteoporosis	vitamin D		[6 week check], [Child with abnormal gait], [Infant or child with pallor], [Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains]
cholestyramine		dyslipidemia	ion-exchange resin		[Acutely painful limb]
ciclosporin		organ transplant immunosuppression	calcineurin inhibitor (Class: immunosuppressant)		[Itching child], [Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains]
cilazapril		hypertension, heart failure	angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor		[Heart failure]
cimetidine		peptic ulcer disease	histamine (H2) receptor antagonist
ciprofloxacin		infection	gyrase inhibitor (Class: antibacterial: fluoroquinolone)	norfloxacin	[Dysuria]
cisplatin		cancer	formation of DNA crosslinks (Class: chemotherapy)
clomiphene		infertility	selective estrogen receptor modulator (Class: ovulation induction agent)		[Infertility]
clonidine		hypertension	alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist
clopidogrel		ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease	ADP receptor (P2Y12) inhibitor		[Acute chest pain], [Acutely painful limb], [Chronic limb pain], [Epistaxis], [Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment], [Preoperative assessment and management]
clozapine		psychosis	dopamine, serotonin, histamine (H1) and adrenergic antagonist		[Acute psychosis]
coal tar		psoriasis	skin cell growth modulator		[Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains]
codeine		diarrhoea, analgesia, drugs of abuse	mu-opiate agonist (prodrug)		[Dislocated joint]
colchicine		gout	microtubule inhibitor
colloids		dehydration	extracellular volume expander
cyclizine		nausea and vomiting	histamine (H1) receptor antagonist
cyclophosphamide		cancer, autoimmune disease	nitrogen mustard alkylating agent	chlorambucil, melphalan	[Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly]
cyproterone acetate		prostate disease, androgen excess syndromes	androgen receptor antagonist
dabigatran		treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism, atrial fibrillation	thrombin inhibitor	rivaroxaban	[Unexplained loss of consciousness]
desferrioxamine		poisoning, iron overload disorders	iron chelating agent
desmopressin		synthetic vasopressin, promotes release of von Willebrand factor/VIII	anti-diuretic hormone receptor agonist, promotes release of von Willebrand factor/VIII		[Child with disorder of elimination], [Diabetes insipidus]
dexamethasone		inflammatory disease, steroid deficiency, foetal lung maturation	anti-inflammatory corticosteroid	methylprednisolone	[Adrenal crisis], [Obesity], [Secondary hypertension], [Adult eczema], [Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain], [Hip fracture], [Itching child], [Sudden loss of vision and headache], [Sudden onset shortness of breath]
diazepam		sedation	benzodiazepine receptor agonist
diclofenac		pain, inflammation	cyclooxygenase inhibitor (Class: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
digoxin		arrhythmias, heart failure	sodium potassium ATPase inhibitor		[Accidental overdose], [Heart failure]
diltiazem		arrhythmias, ischaemic heart disease	calcium channel blocker (Class: nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker)
docusate sodium		constipation (irritable bowel syndrome)	surfactant		[Late pregnancy complications]
domperidone		prokinetic agent, nausea and vomiting	dopamine receptor antagonist		[Bowel obstruction], [Penetrating chest trauma], [Sudden onset severe headache]
donepezil		Alzheimer's disease	acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor
doxazosin		hypertension, benign prostatic hypertrophy	alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist
doxorubicin		malignancy	DNA intercalation (Class: chemotherapy: anthracycline)	daunorubicin
doxycycline		bacterial infection	tetracycline - blocks tRNA access to 30S ribosome subunit (Class: antibacterial)		[Pneumonia]
eformoterol		asthma	beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist		[Chronic shortness of breath], [Sudden onset shortness of breath]
emulsifying ointment		eczema, dermatitis	emollient		[Itching child]
epoetin (recombinant human erythropoietin)		anaemia (mainly renal and related to cancer chemotherapy)	haematopoietic growth factor
ergometrine		post partum haemorrhage	uterine muscle contraction stimulant
erythromycin		bacterial infection	prevents transpeptidation on 50S ribosome subunit (Class: antibacterial: macrolide)	clarithromycin, clindamycin, azithromycin, roxythromycin	[Child with respiratory distress], [Chronic bowel motility problems], [Pneumonia], [Chronic limb pain], [Patient with jaundice], [Chronic sputum production], [Skin and soft tissue infection]
etanercept		inflammatory arthritis	tumour necrosis factor inhibitor		[Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains]
ethanol		treatment of methanol overdose	positive allosteric modulator of GABA-A receptor		[Alcohol and drug dependence disorders], [Chronic liver disease]
ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel		contraception	oestrogen analogue/progesterone receptor agonist (Class: combined oral contraceptive)
ethosuximide		epilepsy	T type calcium channel blocker		[Unexplained loss of consciousness]
etoposide		cancer	inhibition of topoisomerase leading to DNA strand breakage (Class: chemotherapy)
felodipine		hypertension	calcium channel blocker (Class: dihydropyridine)	amlodipine
fexofenadine		allergy	histamine (H1) receptor antagonist
filgrastim (recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor)		neutropenia	haematopoietic growth factor	epoetin
finasteride		benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostate cancer, androgenic alopecia, androgen excess syndromes	5-alpha-reductase inhibitor		[Elevation of prostate-specific antigen]
fluconazole		fungal infections	ergosterol synthesis inhibitor (Class: antifungal: triazole)	miconazole	[Fever and adenopathy], [Dysuria]
fludarabine		haematological malignancy	purine analog DNA synthesis inhibitor (Class: chemotherapy)	cytosine arabinoside	[Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly]
fludrocortisone		addison's disease	mineralocorticoid receptor agonist		[Adrenal crisis]
flumazenil		benzodiazepine overdose	benzodiazepine receptor antagonist		[Anxiety disorder], [Delirium / dementia], [Preoperative assessment and management], [Unexplained loss of consciousness]
fluoxetine		depression, menopausal symptoms	selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor	paroxetine, citalopram	[Major depressive episode]
fluticasone		asthma	anti-inflammatory corticosteroid		[Child with respiratory distress], [Chronic shortness of breath], [Adult eczema], [Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain], [Hip fracture], [Itching child], [Sudden loss of vision and headache], [Sudden onset shortness of breath]
folic acid		folate deficiency, pregnancy	folic acid supplementation		[Child with abnormal gait], [Gynaecological abdominal pain], [Risk assessment in early pregnancy]
frusemide		hypertension, heart failure	loop of Henle sodium reabsorption inhibitor (Class: loop diuretic)
gabapentin		epilepsy, analgesia	GABA analogue		[Unexplained loss of consciousness]
gemfibrozil		dyslipidemia	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist
gentamicin		bacterial infection	ribosomal protein synthesis inhibitor (Class: antibacterial: aminoglycoside)	amikacin	[Hearing loss], [Postoperative complications], [Flank pain and dysuria], [Dysuria]
glecaprevir		Part of combination antivural treatment of chronic hepatitis C	Antiviral, inhibitor of Hepatitis C virus serine protease which is essential for viral replication		[Chronic liver disease]
glipizide		type 2 diabetes	pancreatic beta cell stimulant (Class: sulphonylurea)	gliclazide
glyceryl trinitrate		ischaemic heart disease	nitric oxide prodrug		[Acute chest pain], [Perianal pathology], [Stable angina]
goserelin		prostate disease, infertility	gonadotropin releasing hormone superagonist
haloperidol		psychosis	dopamine receptor antagonist		[Acute psychosis], [Agitated and combative patient]
heparin-low molecular weight		prophylaxis/treatment of venous thromboembolism	antithrombotic agent	rivaroxaban
heparin-unfractionated		prophylaxis/treatment of venous thromboembolism, acute peripheral arterial occlusion	antithrombotic agent	rivaroxaban
hydrocortisone		inflammatory disease, steroid deficiency, topical: eczema, dermatitis	corticosteroid receptor agonist	methylprednisolone	[Adrenal crisis], [Panhypopituitarism]
hydroxycobalamin		vitamin B12 replacement	vitamin B12 deficiency
hydroxyurea		myeloproliferative neoplasmsneoplasms	inhibits ribonucleotide reductase (Class: chemotherapy)
hypromellose		dry eyes	water retaining celluloid
ibuprofen		pain, inflammation	cyclooxygenase inhibitor (Class: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
imatinib		chronic myeloid leukaemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumours	occupies active tyrosine kinase site in abl, c-kit and PDGF-R		[Polycythaemia]
infliximab		inflammatory bowel disease, inflammatory arthritis	tumour necrosis factor inhibitor		[Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains]
insulin		diabetes	insulin replacement		[Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus], [Diabetes in pregnancy], [Preoperative assessment and management], [Type 1 diabetes mellitus], [Type 2 diabetes mellitus]
interferon		cancer, hepatitis B & C, multiple sclerosis	antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, immune modulation (Class: immunosuppressant)	thalidomide, lenalidomide
intravenous immunoglobulin		immune deficiency, autoimmune disease	immunoglobulin replacement, regulation of immune response
iodine		pregnancy	dietary supplement		[Fetal health], [Gynaecological abdominal pain], [Hyperthyroidism], [Hypothyroidism], [Infertility], [Pregnancy diagnosis], [Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time]
ipratropium		asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist		[Child with respiratory distress], [Chronic shortness of breath], [Sudden onset shortness of breath]
ipratropium+salbutamol		asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	compound bronchodilator
iron		iron deficiency	haematinic; mineral		[6 week check], [Anaemia], [Chronic bowel motility problems], [Chronic upper abdominal symptoms], [Haemochromatosis], [Heavy menstrual periods], [Infant or child with pallor], [Overdose in a child or adolescent], [Upper gastrointestinal bleeding]
isoniazid		tuberculosis	mycolic acid synthesis inhibitor (prodrug) (Class: antibacterial)		[Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray], [Chronic sputum production]
isosorbide mononitrate		ischaemic heart disease	nitric oxide prodrug
isotretinoin		acne	vitamin A analogue
labetalol		hypertension	beta-1 adrenoceptor antagonist
lactulose		constipation	osmotic laxative		[Chronic bowel motility problems]
lamotrigine		epilepsy, bipolar disorder	glutamate release sodium channel blocker		[Bipolar affective disorder], [Chronic illness in paediatrics], [Unexplained loss of consciousness]
latanoprost		glaucoma	prostaglandin F2alpha analogue
levodopa		Parkinson's disease	dopamine receptor agonist (prodrug)
levodopa+benserazide		Parkinson's disease	dopamine receptor agonist (prodrug) and DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitor
levodopa+carbidopa		Parkinson's disease	dopamine receptor agonist (prodrug) and DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitor
lignocaine		pain, arrhythmias	sodium channel blocker		[Arrhythmias]
lithium		bipolar disorder	sodium analogue		[Bipolar affective disorder], [Self-harm]
loperamide		diarrhoea	mu-opioid receptor agonist		[Chronic bowel motility problems]
lorazepam		sedation	benzodiazepine receptor agonist		[Altered level of consciousness in a child]
losartan		hypertension	angiotensin II receptor antagonist		[Heart failure], [Secondary hypertension], [Sudden onset severe headache]
lysergic acid diethylamide		drugs of abuse	dopamine receptor partial agonist
magnesium sulphate		eclampsia	intravenous fluid		[Late pregnancy complications], [Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus], [Infectious disease outbreak], [Postoperative complications]
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine, ectasy)		drugs of abuse	amphetamine like sympathomimetic
medroxy progesterone acetate		menopause, heavy menstrual bleeding	progesterone receptor agonist	levonorgestrel, desogestrel
meropenem		Broad spectrum activity against gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic organisms. Used in severe hospital-acquired infection and complex lower respiratory infections such as in cystic fibrosis	beta-lactamase resistant beta-lactam cell wall damage (Class: antibacterial: beta-lactam - carbapenem)		[Postoperative complications]
mesalazine		inflammatory bowel disease	salicylate like anti-inflammatory
metformin		type 2 diabetes	insulin sensitizer		[Amenorrhoea], [Diabetes in pregnancy], [Infertility], [Obesity], [Type 2 diabetes mellitus]
methotrexate		cancer, autoimmune disease	inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase, inhibition of purine metabolism, inhibition of T lymphocyte activity (Class: immunosuppressant)		[Gynaecological abdominal pain], [Itching child], [Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains]
methyldopa		hypertension	alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist (prodrug)		[Risk assessment in early pregnancy]
metoclopramide		nausea and vomiting	dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist		[Bowel obstruction], [Chronic bowel motility problems], [Chronic upper abdominal symptoms], [Head trauma], [Penetrating chest trauma], [Preoperative assessment and management], [Sudden onset severe headache]
metoprolol		hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, arrhythmias, congestive heart failure	beta-1 adrenoceptor antagonist	bisoprolol, carvedilol
metronidazole		bacterial infection	cysteine bearing enzyme inhibitor (prodrug) (Class: antibacterial: nitroimidazole)		[Acute abdominal pain], [Chronic limb pain], [Diarrhoea], [Perianal pathology], [Postoperative complications]
mifepristone		termination of pregnancy	progesterone receptor agonist, g;ucocorticoid receptor antagonist
misoprostol		miscarriage (preoperative)	prostaglandin E1 analogue		[Gynaecological abdominal pain]
montelukast		asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	leukotriene receptor antagonist		[Child with respiratory distress], [Sudden onset shortness of breath]
morphine		pain, drugs of abuse	mu-opioid receptor agonist
N-acetylcysteine		paracetamol overdose	glutathione precursor (prodrug)		[Overdose in a child or adolescent]
naloxone		opioid overdose	mu-opioid receptor antagonist		[Preoperative assessment and management]
nifedipine		hypertension, angina, tocolysis for preterm labour	calcium channel blocker (Class: dihydropyridine)	amlodipine	[Late pregnancy complications]
nitrofurantion		Treatment and prophylaxis of urinary tract infection	Antibiotic: Interferes with bacterial ribosomal proteins to inhibit several bacterial biochemical processes. Active against typical urinary pathogens including E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella species		[Dysuria], [Flank pain and dysuria]
norethisterone		menopause, contraception	progesterone receptor agonist	levonorgestrel, desogestrel	[Contraception]
nortriptyline		depression, pain	neuroamine transmitter uptake inhibitor (Class: antidepressant: tricyclic)	amitriptyline
oestradiol valerate		menopause, osteoporosis	oestrogen analogue	conjugated equine oestrogen, oestradiol
olanzapine		psychosis	mixed dopamine, serotonin, muscarinic receptor antagonist		[Acute psychosis], [Agitated and combative patient], [Delirium / dementia]
omeprazole		peptic ulcer disease	proton pump inhibitor		[Chronic upper abdominal symptoms], [Painful hands in the cold]
ondansetron		nausea and vomiting	serotonin (5HT3) antagonist		[Acute abdominal pain], [Bowel obstruction], [Head trauma], [Penetrating chest trauma], [Preoperative assessment and management], [Sudden onset severe headache]
oseltamivir		Treatment and prophylaxis of influenza	Inhibits viral neuraminidase and reduces replication of influenza virus		[Chronic shortness of breath], [Upper respiratory tract symptoms]
oxazolidinone			prevents initiation of protein synthesis at 50S ribosome subunit (Class: antibacterial: oxazolidinone)
oxycodone		pain	mu-opioid receptor agonist
oxygen		hypoxia	oxygenation		[Anaemia], [Chronic shortness of breath], [Infant or child with a murmur], [Neonatal stridor], [Labour]
oxytocin		induction or augmentation of labour, post partum haemorrhage	oxytocin receptor agonist
paclitaxel		cancer	stabilises microtubules (Class: chemotherapy)
paracetamol		pain, inflammation	cyclooxygenase inhibitor and cannabinoid modulator		[Accidental overdose], [Acute abdominal pain], [Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents], [Child or adolescent with a headache], [Dislocated joint], [Head trauma], [Inflammatory low back pain], [Overdose in a child or adolescent], [Postoperative complications], [Preoperative assessment and management], [Self-harm], [Superficial injuries]
permethrin		scabies	sodium channel opener		[Rest home resident with itching and rash]
pethidine		pain	mu-opioid receptor agonist		[Dislocated joint]
phenobarbital		epilepsy	GABA-A receptor sensitizer and agonist		[Unexplained loss of consciousness]
phenytoin		epilepsy	sodium channel blocker		[Altered level of consciousness in a child], [Chronic illness in paediatrics], [Unexplained loss of consciousness]
pioglitazone		type 2 diabetes	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist
pramipexole		Parkinson's disease	dopamine receptor agonist
prednisone		inflammatory disease, steroid deficiency	anti-inflammatory corticosteroid	methylprednisolone	[Adrenal crisis], [Chronic shortness of breath], [Adult eczema], [Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain], [Hip fracture], [Itching child], [Sudden loss of vision and headache], [Sudden onset shortness of breath]
probenecid		gout	organic anion transporter antagonist
prochlorperazine		nausea and vomiting	dopamine receptor antagonist
procyclidine		Parkinson's disease	muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist
propofol		anaesthesia	GABA-A receptor sensitizer and sodium channel blocker		[Preoperative assessment and management]
propranolol		hypertension, anxiety	beta-1 adrenoceptor antagonist
protamine sulfate		heparin reversal	binds heparin to form stable ion pair without anticoagulant activity
psyliiium husk		constipation	water retaining bulk expander		[Chronic bowel motility problems]
pyridoxine		pyridoxine deficiency, sideroblastic anaemia	vitamin B6 replacement
quetiapine		psychosis	dopamine,serotonin, histamine (H1) and alpha-adrenergic antagonist		[Acute psychosis], [Delirium / dementia]
raloxifene		osteoporosis	selective estrogen receptor modulator
ranibizumab		wet age-related macular degeneration	vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor		[Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time]
ranitidine		peptic ulcer disease	histamine (H2) receptor antagonist
rasagiline		Parkinson's disease	mono-amine-oxidase B inhibitor
rifampicin		tuberculosis	bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor (Class: antibacterial)		[Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray], [Chronic sputum production]
risperidone		psychosis	dopamine, serotonin, histamine (H1) and adrenergic antagonist		[Acute psychosis], [Delirium / dementia]
rituximab		rheumatoid arthritis, B cell lymphoma/leukaemia	CD20 B cell killer (Class: monoclonal antibody)		[Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly]
ropinirole		Parkinson's disease	dopaminergic agonist
salbutamol		asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist		[Child with respiratory distress], [Chronic shortness of breath], [Sudden onset shortness of breath]
salmeterol		asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist		[Child with respiratory distress], [Chronic shortness of breath], [Sudden onset shortness of breath]
scopolamine		motion sickness	muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist		[Bowel obstruction], [Penetrating chest trauma], [Sudden onset severe headache]
selegiline		Parkinson's disease	mono-amine-oxidase B inhibitor
sennoside B		constipation (irritable bowel syndrome)	intestinal nerve plexus stimulant
simvastatin		dyslipidemia	HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
sitagliptin		type 2 diabetes	dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor
sodium valproate		epilepsy	GABA neurotransmission sensitizer		[Bipolar affective disorder], [Unexplained loss of consciousness]
sotalol		arrhythmias	beta-adrenoceptor antagonist and potassium channel blocker		[Arrhythmias]
spironolactone		hypertension, heart failure	aldosterone antagonist		[Heart failure], [Secondary hypertension]
streptokinase		myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident (stroke)	plasminogen activator		[Acute chest pain]
sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim		bacterial infection	dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor & dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitor (Class: antibacterial: sulfonamide)	trimethoprim	[Flank pain and dysuria]
sulphasalazine		inflammatory arthritis	intestinal inflammation modulator
sumatriptan		migraine	serotonin (5HT1) receptor agonist
suxamethonium		anaesthesia	nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonist
tamoxifen		breast cancer	mixed oestrogen receptor agonist/antagonist
temazepam		sedation	benzodiazepine receptor agonist
tenofovir		HIV/HBV infection	nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (Class: antiviral)		[Fever and adenopathy], [Chronic liver disease]
terbinafine		fungal infection	ergosterol synthesis inhibitor (Class: antifungal)		[Rest home resident with itching and rash]
testosterone		hypogonadism	testosterone receptor agonist		[Obesity], [Panhypopituitarism]
theophylline		asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	adenosine receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor
thiamine		thiamine deficiency,Wernicke’s encephalopathy	vitamin B1 replacement		[Alcohol and drug dependence disorders]
thiopental sodium		anaesthesia	GABA-A receptor sensitizer
tiotropium		asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist		[Chronic shortness of breath]
tissue plasminogen activator(recombinant)		thrombolytic therapy of ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, massive pulmonary embolism	catalysis of plasminogen to plasmin
tramadol		pain	mu-receptor opioid partial agonist (prodrug)		[Dislocated joint]
tranexamic acid		prevention and treatment of excessive bleeding (menorrhagia, surgery, coagulation/platelet disorders)	antifibrinolytic		[Heavy menstrual periods]
tranylcypromine		depression	mono-amine-oxidase A inhibitor
trastuzumab		breast cancer	HER2/neureceptor antagonist (Class: monoclonal antibody)
ustekinumab		psoriasis	interleukin (12 and 23) inhibitor
vancomycin		bacterial infections	cell wall damage - interferes with transpeptidation between peptidoglycan subunits		[Chronic limb pain], [Fever and a new murmur], [Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment], [Fever and headache]
vecuronium		anaesthesia	nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist
venlafaxine		depression	serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
verapamil		hypertension, arrhythmias	calcium channel blocker (Class: phenylalkylamine)
vinblastine		cancer	disrupts microtubule assembly (Class: chemotherapy)
vitamin K1		prophylaxis/treatment haemorrhagic disease of the newborn, warfarin reversal, vitamin K deficiency	cofactor for gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (catalyses carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on vitamin K-dependent proteins)
warfarin		venous thromboembolism, valvular disease, atrial fibrillation	vitamin K epoxide reductase inhibitor	rivaroxaban	[Accidental overdose], [Acutely painful limb], [Arrhythmias], [Deep vein thrombosis], [Epistaxis], [Fever and a new murmur], [Unexplained loss of consciousness]
zoledronate		osteoporosis	osteoclast inhibitor (Class: bisphosphonate)
zopiclone		sedation	benzodiazepine receptor agonist		[Self-harm]
Medicine	Yr6	Indication(s)	Mechanism	Other Example(s)	Relevant Scenario(s)