Home » Auckland MBChB Learning Outcomes associated with AMC Graduate Statements

Relevant Auckland MBChB Learning Outcomes

Clinical Practice: medical graduate as practitioner
2.7: Make clinical judgments and decisions based on the available evidence. Identify and justify relevant management options alone or in conjunction with colleagues, according to level of training and experience.
MBChB 1: Graduate Learning Outcomes
 Clinical and Communication Skills
Graduates will, with a culturally competent, empathetic patient-centred approach and with skills appropriate for the stage and setting of practice:
 •  Competently develop and implement a clinical management plan;
 •  Access, evaluate and use new knowledge and information sources to support clinical decision-making.
 Personal and Professional Skills
 •  Work as a constructive and collaborative health care team member and as a leader for elements of health care, with respect for complementary skills and competencies;
MBChB 2: Digestive System
 Applied Science for Medicine
1 •  Describe the principles associated with the interpretation of physiological data from tests related to gastrointestinal function.
2 •  Relate the digestive and metabolic pathways to common associated disorders.
 •  Link the disorders from various nutrient deficiencies to their clinical presentations.
 Clinical and Communication Skills
5 •  Describe and interpret findings of normal clinical examinations.
 •  Describe and justify a systematic approach to clinical examinations.
7Develop hypotheses of the underlying pathophysiology of selected gastrointestinal diseases from appropriate laboratory data.
MBChB 2: Cardiovascular System
 Clinical and Communication Skills
8Summarise the symptoms, main physical findings and imaging results to describe common and important abnormalities of the cardiovascular system.
MBChB 2: Genitourinary System
 Applied Science for Medicine
1 •  Correlate anatomical knowledge in situ and in sectional planes with common images from a range of modalities (Range: Plain radiological films; MRI median sagittal and axial planes; CT scan; Ultrasonography).
 Clinical and Communication Skills
4Diagnose common clinical presentations by interpreting radiological images.
5Interpret kidney function using laboratory data, especially the glomerular filtration rate and excretion rate.
MBChB 2: Clinical Pharmacology
 Clinical and Communication Skills
3 •  Explain the information patients and medical practitioners need before prescribing a medicine.
MBChB 3: Sensory Systems
 Clinical and Communication Skills
3 •  Interpret radiological images of normal structures and detect main changes seen in important clinical conditions.
MBChB 3: Blood, Immunity and Infection
 Clinical and Communication Skills
7Solve clinically-based problems using integrated knowledge of haematology, immunology and microbiology, both independently and in groups.
MBChB 3: Regulation of Body Function
 Clinical and Communication Skills
4Interpret and solve clinical problems using an integrated knowledge of the mechanisms of organ system control.
MBChB 3: Professional and Clinical Skills 2
 Applied Science for Medicine
3Clinical Reasoning and Decision Making
 •  Describe a range of approaches to gathering medical information (‘hypothetico-deductive’ approach, algorithms, pattern recognition)
 •  Explain the concepts of clinical reasoning
 •  Demonstrate an awareness of objective versus subjective findings
 •  Explain the probabilistic approach to clinical medicine
 •  Demonstrate the importance of problem lists and key findings in formulating differential diagnoses
MBChB 4: Anaesthesiology
 Clinical and Communication Skills
4Prepare basic management plans for patients:
 •  presenting for surgery and anaesthesia (including local and regional anaesthesia):
 •  with acute pain (including postoperative pain);
 •  with nausea and vomiting.
MBChB 4: Emergency Medicine
 Clinical and Communication Skills
3Implement basic initial management for selected patients.
 •  Apply management algorithms for the resuscitation of a patient in cardiac arrest;
 •  Prepare a basic management plan for a poisoned patient;
 •  Prepare a basic management plan for all the patients you see.
MBChB 4: General Practice
 Clinical and Communication Skills
2Evaluate and prepare appropriate management plans for patients with common and important problems in general practice environments.
 •  Develop an appropriate management plan for the Māori patient;
 •  Demonstrate skills for dealing with uncertainty (in a low prevalence environment) in clinical diagnosis in general practice;
 •  Use an evidence-based approach to diagnosis formulation;
3 •  Make referrals for specialist advice appropriately for a range of conditions;
MBChB 4: Musculoskeletal
 Clinical and Communication Skills
4Prepare basic management plans for common musculoskeletal problems.
 •  Distinguish between acute and chronic forms of monoarthritis, polyarthritis, arthralgia and back pain;
 •  Distinguish which disorders are best treated surgically, which are best treated medically, and which may require a combination of both;
 •  Evaluate the best management plans for trauma care including soft tissue injuries, fractures and tendon rupture;
 •  Summarise when and how the various consultations with related health professionals are needed in patient management, especially rehabilitation.
5Formulate logical problem lists for a range of patients.
 •  Develop differential diagnosis list for the major problem(s) of the patient;
 •  Determine the most likely working diagnosis;
 •  Evaluate and select tests that will confirm or alter the working diagnosis;
6Develop an appropriate management plan for Māori patients.
MBChB 4: General Surgery
 Applied Science for Medicine
1 •  Describe the management of common general surgical presentations and diagnoses as outlined in your POGS
 Clinical and Communication Skills
2 •  Develop an appropriate management plan for the Māori patient.
3Prepare basic management plans for common general surgical problems.
 •  Identify and discuss areas of controversy in patient management;
 •  Examine the respective roles of a multidisciplinary team to provide optimal patient care;
 •  Prescribe fluid replacement regimens.
4 •  Determine the role of preoperative medical assessment;
 •  Examine the respective roles of a multidisciplinary team in peri-operative patient care.
5Recognise common postoperative complications.
 •  Summarise the essential vital signs and systems to be monitored;
 •  Analyse and interpret common changes in TPR charts.
6Formulate logical problem lists for a range of patients.
 •  Develop a differential diagnosis list for the major problem(s) of the patients;
 •  Determine the most likely working diagnosis;
 •  Evaluate and select tests that will confirm or alter the working diagnosis;
 •  Interpret simple laboratory and radiology tests.
MBChB 4: General Medicine
 Applied Science for Medicine
1 •  Appraise the importance of basic anatomy, physiology and pathology knowledge to the management of medical patients;
 Clinical and Communication Skills
3Formulate logical problem lists for a range of patients.
 •  Develop a differential diagnosis list for the major problem(s) of the patients;
 •  Evaluate and select tests that will confirm or alter the working diagnosis;
MBChB 4: Specialty Medicine
 Clinical and Communication Skills
3Prepare basic management plans for selected specialty medical problems.
 •  Apply best available evidence to solve clinical problems;
 •  Identify and discuss areas of controversy in patient management;
 •  Describe the roles of the main health professionals contributing to the care of patients in this specialty.
 Personal and Professional Skills
5 •  Make appropriate decisions in situations of incomplete knowledge, complexity/ambiguity, or resource constraint.
MBChB 4: Geriatrics
 Clinical and Communication Skills
3Prepare basic management plans that include medical, rehabilitation and social issues.
 •  Apply best available evidence to solve clinical problems;
 •  Identify issues of multiple medications;
 •  Identify issues specific to Māori patients;
 •  Identify and discuss areas of controversy in patient management.
4Explain the multidisciplinary team approach that is used in medical and rehabilitation for the older patient.
 •  Summarise the range, together with their respective roles, of domiciliary and institutional services outside the public hospital;
 •  Explain how and when these services need to be incorporated into a management plan for the elderly patient;
 •  Outline the needs assessment process used with older patients.
5Formulate logical problem lists for a range of older patients.
 •  Develop a differential diagnosis list that encompasses the multiple medical issues of a patient;
 •  Determine the most likely working diagnosis;
 •  Evaluate and select tests that will confirm or alter the working diagnosis;
 •  Interpret simple laboratory and radiology tests.
MBChB 4: Formal Learning Yr 4
 Pneumonia
 •  Identify the clinical features used to diagnose pneumonia and decide on the most appropriate treatment.
 •  Recognise the chest X Ray features most commonly used to diagnose pneumonia radiologically.
 •  Explain the reasoning behind selection of antimicrobial agents for treatment of pneumonia when the microbiologic aetiology is commonly not known.
 Obesity
• Summarise the challenges in treating the obese patient
• Outline the current interventions available for obese patients.
 Cardiovascular
 •  Identify the presenting symptoms and signs of the major cardiac conditions that commonly present in clinical practice.
 •  Explain the strengths and shortcomings of the respective tests used for assessing patients presenting with these conditions.
 •  Apply the main principles for diagnosing and managing patients with acute coronary syndromes in clinical settings.
 •  Explain how to detect and differentiate common heart valve diseases and aortic diseases.
 Respiratory
 •  Identify presenting symptoms and signs of three major specialist areas of respiratory diseases (lung cancer, sleep disordered breathing and pulmonary TB).
 •  Explain the strengths and shortcomings of the respective tests used for assessing patients presenting with these conditions.
 •  Apply the main principles for diagnosing and managing patients with acute respiratory conditions in clinical settings.
 Medical Imaging
 •  Describe the main features of a chest radiograph to someone else.
 •  Develop a sensible provisional or differential diagnosis of a chest without missing significant diseases.
 •  Recognise the common cardiovascular abnormalities on images.
 •  Recognise a bowel patterns and a bowel obstruction on plain images.
 •  Develop a system for looking at orthopaedic trauma images and recognise several common osteopathologies, using a combined clinical, radiological and pathological approach.
 Blood Cancer
 •  Differentiate the clinical presentations of lymphoma, myeloma and acute leukaemia
 Venous Thromboembolism
 •  Summarise the risk factors for VTE, and how these are incorporated into algorithms for hospitalised patients to prevent VTE which balance risk of VTE and bleeding risk
 •  Explain the diagnosis of PE including risk scores, d-dimer and diagnostic tests
 •  Explain the stratification of risk of mortality in PE and thrombolysis in patients with shock
 Neurology
 •  Summarise the important symptoms for recognising a neurological dysfunction and apply to future clinical practice after, wherever possible, conducting a systematic neurological examination.
 •  Summarise the procedural steps for an effective diagnosis of the common and important neurologic disorders.
 •  Explain the place of specialised neurological investigations in the analysis of the major neurological symptoms and syndromes and the main indications for the use of these procedures.
 Endocrinology and Diabetes
 •  Use knowledge gained to formulate appropriate problem lists and treatment plans for patients with a range of endocrinological diseases in clinical settings.
 •  Apply the main principles for diagnosing and managing patients with acute diabetes in clinical settings.
 ORL
 •  Describe the consequences and complications of the treatments of these conditions by listening to the patients' perspective.
 •  Recognise when to apply the techniques for examination of the ears, nose, oral cavity and sinuses.
 Palliative Care
 •  Explain the major myths associated with the use of morphine for palliative medicine, and summarise the key messages associated with morphine prescribing.
 Geriatrics
 •  Summarise the complexity of acute presentation of older patients and the practical challenges in the clinical assessment of older people.
 •  Summarise the key issues to consider in the process of a patient journey through rehabilitation from a traumatic illness/ injury.
 Renal Disease
 •  Recognise the common clinical features, complications and diagnosis for acute renal failure, chronic renal failure and nephrotic syndrome and outline how to start treatment in patients with these symptoms.
 •  Summarise and apply the clinical skills needed to assess and manage patients with fluid overload and dehydration, oedema and hypertension.
 •  Apply the lessons learned to elicit an appropriate clinical history from a patient presenting with assess fluid overload and dehydration, oedema and hypertension.
 Orthopaedics
 •  Discuss the clinical features and management of common ankle injuries such as ankle sprains, achilles tendon rupture and ankle fractures.
 •  Summarise knee injury patterns and describe the clinical features of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures and meniscal tears.
 •  Demonstrate a working knowledge of patello-femoral pain, patellar instability and other soft-tissue causes of knee pain.
 •  Summarise the pathology of stress fractures, the common sites and how to diagnose and treat.
 Dermatology
 •  Summarise the importance of the identification and clinical management of skin cancer, differentiating between melanoma, basal cell cancer and squamous cell cancer.
 •  Explain the distinguishing features and the principles of the clinical management of the common inflammatory dermatoses, cutaneous infections and immunobullous disease.
 Gout Symposium
 •  Outline the typical clinical presentation of gout
 •  Explain the principles of gout management
 Clinical Pathology
 •  Use the results of a laboratory test to confirm or refute clinical differential diagnoses for a clinical case
 Gastroenterology
 •  Explain how to elicit relevant information from history-taking to aid in the diagnosis of GI conditions.
 •  Synthesise and integrate information to formulate differential diagnoses.
 Alcohol and Drugs
 •  Summarise the steps to differentiate low risk, risky, problematic and dependent drinking.
 •  Describe how to clinically use the tools to deliver brief advice on alcohol and drug use without implied judgement of a patient.
 •  Identify a range of services available and the appropriate time for a referral of a patient
 Urology and Prostate Cancer
 •  Explain the conflicting views in relation to the diagnoses and treatment of prostate cancer from a urological perspective, using best evidence.
 •  Explain the clinical relevance of staging and grading of prostate cancer.
 •  Determine the curative treatments, and their side effects, for individual patient cases and the most effective regime for managing these patients.
 Neurosurgery
 •  Describe the clinical features and prognosis of common and important condition that require neurosurgery.
 •  Summarise the most effective approach to the clinical assessment of conditions requiring neurosurgery.
 •  Explain the important therapeutic principles in the management of patients requiring neurosurgery.
 •  Identify potential risks to the recovery of patients from common forms of neurosurgery.
 Oncology
 •  Explain the main features of the five therapeutic revolutions in cancer care.
 •  Explain the genomic hallmarks of cancer and why this is clinically relevant
 •  Explain the logic and practice of multi-agent multimodal individualised patent care using case examples.
MBChB 4: Synchronous Learning Yr 4
 Clinical and Communication Skills
 •  Develop an initial management plan, including use of pharmacological therapy for common and important medical and surgical conditions.
MBChB 5: General Practice
 Clinical and Communication Skills
2Evaluate and prepare appropriate management plans for patients with common and important problems in general practice environments.
 •  Recognise key warning signs of serious illness in patients treated in primary care;
 •  Demonstrate skills for dealing with uncertainty in clinical diagnosis in general practice;
 •  Use an evidence-based approach to diagnosis formulation;
 •  Demonstrate skills in rational prescribing;
 •  Appreciate the impact of psychosocial stress on mental health;
 •  Recognise different types of general practice consultations (range: first contact, acute care, episodic care, continuity of care, diagnosis).
 •  Develop an appropriate management plan for the Māori patient and family that is consistent with whānau strengths and resources.
 Personal and Professional Skills
5 •  Demonstrate responsibility, commitment and ability to reflect on your judgement and practice.
6 •  Explain how and when other health professionals need to contribute to the care of a patient.
 •  Contribute to the initiation of referrals for specialist advice appropriately for a range of conditions.
 •  Understand the roles, responsibilities and linkages of those contributing to a primary health care team.
7 •  Recognise own limits in stressful situations and in regard to own knowledge.
MBChB 5: Obstetrics & Gynaecology
 Clinical and Communication Skills
3Evaluate women attending for routine antenatal care.
6 •  Decide, in consultation with clinical staff, situations for which an examination is appropriate;
MBChB 5: Paediatrics
 Clinical and Communication Skills
2 •  Develop an appropriate management plan for the Māori patient and family that is consistent with whānau strengths and resources.
 Personal and Professional Skills
6 •  Work as part of a team including with allied health, other health professionals and recognising the role of community organisations.
MBChB 5: Psychiatry
 Clinical and Communication Skills
2 •  Develop an appropriate management plan for a Māori patient and family that is consistent with whānau strengths and resources.
3 •  Develop a biopsychosocial management plan.
 •  Assess and properly manage safety issues.
 •  Identify the risk issues to be managed and include these in a plan.
 Personal and Professional Skills
6 •  Work as part of a team including with allied staff from the multidisciplinary team from the public, community and non-governmental sectors.
MBChB 5: Specialty Surgery
 Clinical and Communication Skills
4Prepare basic management plans for selected specialty surgical problems.
 •  Apply best available evidence to solve clinical problems;
 •  Identify and discuss areas of controversy in patient management;
MBChB 5: Formal Learning Yr 5
 Complementary Medicine (CAM)
 •  Discuss the place of CAM in the context of contemporary health care in relation to history, patient choice, available evidence and legislation
 Toxicology
 •  Describe the common approach of the early resuscitation and supportive care for a patient presenting with drug ingestion and/or overdose and apply in clinical settings
 Clinical Challenges in Medical Practice
 •  Review the strengths and shortcomings of the biomedical model as applied to contemporary medical practice in New Zealand
 •  Explain the multidisciplinary range and the prevalence of medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS)
 •  Demonstrate a preliminary grasp of approaches to managing these problems in different clinical settings
 Transfusion Essentials
 •  Discuss the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anaemia in the preoperative patient and the value of intravenous iron in this context
 •  Discuss the decision to transfuse red cells in the stable post-operative patient versus transfusion in trauma/massive bleeding events
 •  Discuss transfusion risks, the importance of patient identification and pre-transfusion sample collection
 Women’s Health
 •  Apply knowledge of the common causes of lower abdominal pain in women to common case presentations; integrate this knowledge and appreciate the diagnostic complexities; and develop an initial medical or surgical management plan
 •  Elicit a clear history from a woman with urinary incontinence; determine the mechanisms and types of incontinence based on anatomy and physiology of the urinary tract; outline available information sources to educate patients about conservative treatment options
 •  Perform a clinical breast exam; select appropriate investigations for a woman presenting with a breast lump; explain the importance of correlating results of clinical assessment with radiological and histological findings
 Interpersonal Violence
 •  Apply the tools for asking about violence and abuse during clinical assessment and for assessing for risk
 Prescription Drug Abuse
 •  Design a graduated withdrawal process for a selected patient
 Immunology: Venoms to Vasculitis
 •  Summarise the different types of hypersensitivity reactions and how these present clinically
 •  Explain the general approach to diagnosis of hypersensitivity related disease and apply to future clinical practice
 •  Apply the pathology and presentation of vasculitis and connective tissue disease to clinical cases
 Dilemmas in Palliative Medicine
 •  Use clinical reasoning to problem-solve given case studies
 •  Identify the key skills for triaging referrals in palliative medicine
 •  Apply pain and symptom management in the last days of life
 Optimised Patient
 •  Explain strategies for optimising patients to mitigate their risk factors in advance of an invasive procedure and apply in clinical settings
 Clinical Pharmacology
 •  Develop, through study and application of pharmacological principles, a framework of knowledge that forms the basis for the safe and effective use of medicines in clinical practice
 What’s On Top for Us?
 •  Explain a range of strategies to engage and assess children and adolescents with a range of psychiatric issues
MBChB 6: General Practice
 Clinical and Communication Skills
 •  Key warning signs of serious illness are recognised and acted upon.
 •  Skills for dealing with medical uncertainty are demonstrated.
 •  Competence is demonstrated in a range of consultations, especially for acute care, long-term conditions, episodic care and palliative care.
 •  Skills in working with distressed patients of all ages and ethnicities are identified, along with those for family and whanau.
 •  Sensitivity discussing diagnoses is demonstrated.
 •  Specialist advice is integrated appropriately for a range of conditions.
 •  Management plans are culturally appropriate.
 Personal and Professional Skills
 •  Competency is developed in transfer of care to medical and other healthcare teams.
 •  Collaborative skills with all health professionals are identified.
 Applied Science for Medicine
 •  Medical, social and psychological principles are incorporated in the GP consultation.
 •  Application of pharmacologic principles is demonstrated in disease management and safe prescribing practice.
 •  Basic principles are used to detect cancer in early stages.
MBChB 6: General Medicine
 Clinical and Communication Skills
 •  Comprehensive patient assessments are conducted for common general medical problems including relevant, logical and comprehensive histories.
 •  Differential diagnoses are developed with a determination of the most likely working diagnosis.
 •  Logical problem lists and clinical priorities are formulated for a range of patients and clinical conditions.
 •  Diagnostic tests/investigations are selected and evaluated to confirm or alter a working diagnosis.
 •  Common investigations are interpreted (ECGs, plain radiology, pulmonary function tests and general laboratory tests)
 •  Patient centred management plans are prepared for common general medical problems.
 •  Principles of complex co-morbidities and their interactions in terms of diagnosis and management are recognised.
 •  Elements of management plans are implemented under supervision.
 Personal and Professional Skills
 •  Familiarity with local hospital practices relevant to the practice of medicine is demonstrated.
 •  Responsibility for decision making at appropriate levels is developed, while recognising the need for assistance.
 •  Ability to work within a multidisciplinary environment is developed.
 Population Health
 •  Relevant preventative medicine strategies are incorporated into daily practice – emphasis on vaccinations, smoking cessation, cardiovascular risk assessment and preventative strategies.
 Applied Science for Medicine
 •  Key basic and clinical science principles are revised and applied to the management of patients presenting with a range of common acute and chronic medical conditions.
 •  Application of pharmacologic principles is demonstrated in disease management and safe prescribing practice.
MBChB 6: Obstetrics and Gynaecology
 Clinical and Communication Skills
 •  Special emphasis on the importance of the diagnosis and management of preeclampsia and ectopic pregnancy
MBChB 6: Paediatrics
 Clinical and Communication Skills
 •  Exposure to acute patients is used to reliably and rapidly identify the sick child.
 Personal and Professional Skills
 •  Participation in handover and the use of structured tools for safe transfer of clinical cases.
MBChB 6: Psychiatry
 Clinical and Communication Skills
 •  Patient-centred management plans are developed, incorporate a biopsychosocial approach, and with emphasis on family.
MBChB 6: General Surgery
 Hauora Māori
 •  Potential bias in clinical decision making is identified, with a particular focus on how to minimise bias in the informed consent process.
MBChB 6: Emergency Medicine
 Clinical and Communication Skills
 •  Succinct differentials are identified for a range of undifferentiated patients, along with proposed management plans.
 •  Appropriate investigations are determined and ordered under appropriate level of supervision and responsibility.
 Applied Science for Medicine
 •  Interpretation of laboratory tests are reviewed, using key principles.
MBChB 6: Clinical Imaging
 Personal and Professional Skills
 •  Participate and actively contribute to multidisciplinary team discussions to improve patient care.
 Applied Science for Medicine
 •  Interpretation of normal and abnormal findings in a range of imaging modalities.