Home » Auckland MBChB Learning Outcomes associated with AMC Graduate Statements

Relevant Auckland MBChB Learning Outcomes

Clinical Practice: medical graduate as practitioner
2.7: Make clinical judgments and decisions based on the available evidence. Identify and justify relevant management options alone or in conjunction with colleagues, according to level of training and experience.
MBChB Graduate Learning Outcomes
 Clinical and Communication Skills
Graduates will, with a culturally competent, empathetic patient-centred approach and with skills appropriate for the stage and setting of practice:
 •  Competently develop and implement a clinical management plan;
 •  Access, evaluate and use new knowledge and information sources to support clinical decision-making.
 Personal and Professional Skills
 •  Work as a constructive and collaborative health care team member and as a leader for elements of health care, with respect for complementary skills and competencies;
MBChB 221: Digestive System
 Applied Science for Medicine
1 •  Describe the principles associated with the interpretation of physiological data from tests related to gastrointestinal function.
2 •  Relate the digestive and metabolic pathways to common associated disorders.
 •  Link the disorders from various nutrient deficiencies to their clinical presentations.
 Clinical and Communication Skills
5 •  Describe and interpret findings of normal clinical examinations.
 •  Describe and justify a systematic approach to clinical examinations.
7Develop hypotheses of the underlying pathophysiology of selected gastrointestinal diseases from appropriate laboratory data.
MBChB 221: Cardiovascular System
 Clinical and Communication Skills
8Summarise the symptoms, main physical findings and imaging results to describe common and important abnormalities of the cardiovascular system.
MBChB 221: Genitourinary System
 Applied Science for Medicine
1 •  Correlate anatomical knowledge in situ and in sectional planes with common images from a range of modalities (Range: Plain radiological films; MRI median sagittal and axial planes; CT scan; Ultrasonography).
 Clinical and Communication Skills
4Diagnose common clinical presentations by interpreting radiological images.
5Interpret kidney function using laboratory data, especially the glomerular filtration rate and excretion rate.
MBChB 221: Clinical Pharmacology
 Clinical and Communication Skills
3 •  Explain the information patients and medical practitioners need before prescribing a medicine.
MBChB 321: Sensory Systems
 Clinical and Communication Skills
3 •  Interpret radiological images of normal structures and detect main changes seen in important clinical conditions.
MBChB 321: Blood, Immunity and Infection
 Clinical and Communication Skills
7Solve clinically-based problems using integrated knowledge of haematology, immunology and microbiology, both independently and in groups.
MBChB 321: Regulation of Body Function
 Clinical and Communication Skills
4Interpret and solve clinical problems using an integrated knowledge of the mechanisms of organ system control.
MBChB 321: Professional and Clinical Skills 2
 Applied Science for Medicine
3Clinical Reasoning and Decision Making
 •  Describe a range of approaches to gathering medical information (‘hypothetico-deductive’ approach, algorithms, pattern recognition)
 •  Explain the concepts of clinical reasoning
 •  Demonstrate an awareness of objective versus subjective findings
 •  Explain the probabilistic approach to clinical medicine
 •  Demonstrate the importance of problem lists and key findings in formulating differential diagnoses
MBChB 401: Anaesthesiology
 Clinical and Communication Skills
4Prepare basic management plans for patients:
 •  presenting for surgery and anaesthesia (including local and regional anaesthesia):
 •  with acute pain (including postoperative pain);
 •  with nausea and vomiting.
MBChB 401: Emergency Medicine
 Clinical and Communication Skills
3Implement basic initial management for selected patients.
 •  Apply management algorithms for the resuscitation of a patient in cardiac arrest;
 •  Prepare a basic management plan for a poisoned patient;
 •  Prepare a basic management plan for all the patients you see.
MBChB 401: General Practice
 Clinical and Communication Skills
2Evaluate and prepare appropriate management plans for patients with common and important problems in general practice environments.
 •  Develop an appropriate management plan for the Māori patient;
 •  Demonstrate skills for dealing with uncertainty (in a low prevalence environment) in clinical diagnosis in general practice;
 •  Use an evidence-based approach to diagnosis formulation;
3 •  Make referrals for specialist advice appropriately for a range of conditions;
MBChB 401: Musculoskeletal
 Clinical and Communication Skills
4Prepare basic management plans for common musculoskeletal problems.
 •  Distinguish between acute and chronic forms of monoarthritis, polyarthritis, arthralgia and back pain;
 •  Distinguish which disorders are best treated surgically, which are best treated medically, and which may require a combination of both;
 •  Evaluate the best management plans for trauma care including soft tissue injuries, fractures and tendon rupture;
 •  Summarise when and how the various consultations with related health professionals are needed in patient management, especially rehabilitation.
5Formulate logical problem lists for a range of patients.
 •  Develop differential diagnosis list for the major problem(s) of the patient;
 •  Determine the most likely working diagnosis;
 •  Evaluate and select tests that will confirm or alter the working diagnosis;
6Develop an appropriate management plan for Māori patients.
MBChB 401: General Surgery
 Applied Science for Medicine
1 •  Describe the management of common general surgical presentations and diagnoses as outlined in your POGS
 Clinical and Communication Skills
2 •  Develop an appropriate management plan for the Māori patient.
3Prepare basic management plans for common general surgical problems.
 •  Identify and discuss areas of controversy in patient management;
 •  Examine the respective roles of a multidisciplinary team to provide optimal patient care;
 •  Prescribe fluid replacement regimens.
4 •  Determine the role of preoperative medical assessment;
 •  Examine the respective roles of a multidisciplinary team in peri-operative patient care.
5Recognise common postoperative complications.
 •  Summarise the essential vital signs and systems to be monitored;
 •  Analyse and interpret common changes in TPR charts.
6Formulate logical problem lists for a range of patients.
 •  Develop a differential diagnosis list for the major problem(s) of the patients;
 •  Determine the most likely working diagnosis;
 •  Evaluate and select tests that will confirm or alter the working diagnosis;
 •  Interpret simple laboratory and radiology tests.
MBChB 401: General Medicine
 Applied Science for Medicine
1 •  Appraise the importance of basic anatomy, physiology and pathology knowledge to the management of medical patients;
 Clinical and Communication Skills
3Formulate logical problem lists for a range of patients.
 •  Develop a differential diagnosis list for the major problem(s) of the patients;
 •  Evaluate and select tests that will confirm or alter the working diagnosis;
MBChB 401: Specialty Medicine
 Clinical and Communication Skills
3Prepare basic management plans for selected specialty medical problems.
 •  Apply best available evidence to solve clinical problems;
 •  Identify and discuss areas of controversy in patient management;
 •  Describe the roles of the main health professionals contributing to the care of patients in this specialty.
 Personal and Professional Skills
5 •  Make appropriate decisions in situations of incomplete knowledge, complexity/ambiguity, or resource constraint.
MBChB 401: Geriatrics
 Clinical and Communication Skills
3Prepare basic management plans that include medical, rehabilitation and social issues.
 •  Apply best available evidence to solve clinical problems;
 •  Identify issues of multiple medications;
 •  Identify issues specific to Māori patients;
 •  Identify and discuss areas of controversy in patient management.
4Explain the multidisciplinary team approach that is used in medical and rehabilitation for the older patient.
 •  Summarise the range, together with their respective roles, of domiciliary and institutional services outside the public hospital;
 •  Explain how and when these services need to be incorporated into a management plan for the elderly patient;
 •  Outline the needs assessment process used with older patients.
5Formulate logical problem lists for a range of older patients.
 •  Develop a differential diagnosis list that encompasses the multiple medical issues of a patient;
 •  Determine the most likely working diagnosis;
 •  Evaluate and select tests that will confirm or alter the working diagnosis;
 •  Interpret simple laboratory and radiology tests.
MBChB 401: Formal Learning Yr 4
 Pneumonia
 •  Identify the clinical features used to diagnose pneumonia and decide on the most appropriate treatment.
 •  Recognise the chest X Ray features most commonly used to diagnose pneumonia radiologically.
 •  Explain the reasoning behind selection of antimicrobial agents for treatment of pneumonia when the microbiologic aetiology is commonly not known.
 Obesity
• Summarise the challenges in treating the obese patient
• Outline the current interventions available for obese patients.
 Cardiovascular
 •  Identify the presenting symptoms and signs of the major cardiac conditions that commonly present in clinical practice.
 •  Explain the strengths and shortcomings of the respective tests used for assessing patients presenting with these conditions.
 •  Apply the main principles for diagnosing and managing patients with acute coronary syndromes in clinical settings.
 •  Explain how to detect and differentiate common heart valve diseases and aortic diseases.
 Respiratory
 •  Identify presenting symptoms and signs of three major specialist areas of respiratory diseases (lung cancer, sleep disordered breathing and pulmonary TB).
 •  Explain the strengths and shortcomings of the respective tests used for assessing patients presenting with these conditions.
 •  Apply the main principles for diagnosing and managing patients with acute respiratory conditions in clinical settings.
 Medical Imaging
 •  Describe the main features of a chest radiograph to someone else.
 •  Develop a sensible provisional or differential diagnosis of a chest without missing significant diseases.
 •  Recognise the common cardiovascular abnormalities on images.
 •  Recognise a bowel patterns and a bowel obstruction on plain images.
 •  Develop a system for looking at orthopaedic trauma images and recognise several common osteopathologies, using a combined clinical, radiological and pathological approach.
 Blood Cancer
 •  Differentiate the clinical presentations of lymphoma, myeloma and acute leukaemia
 Venous Thromboembolism
 •  Summarise the risk factors for VTE, and how these are incorporated into algorithms for hospitalised patients to prevent VTE which balance risk of VTE and bleeding risk
 •  Explain the diagnosis of PE including risk scores, d-dimer and diagnostic tests
 •  Explain the stratification of risk of mortality in PE and thrombolysis in patients with shock
 Neurology
 •  Summarise the important symptoms for recognising a neurological dysfunction and apply to future clinical practice after, wherever possible, conducting a systematic neurological examination.
 •  Summarise the procedural steps for an effective diagnosis of the common and important neurologic disorders.
 •  Explain the place of specialised neurological investigations in the analysis of the major neurological symptoms and syndromes and the main indications for the use of these procedures.
 Endocrinology and Diabetes
 •  Use knowledge gained to formulate appropriate problem lists and treatment plans for patients with a range of endocrinological diseases in clinical settings.
 •  Apply the main principles for diagnosing and managing patients with acute diabetes in clinical settings.
 ORL
 •  Describe the consequences and complications of the treatments of these conditions by listening to the patients' perspective.
 •  Recognise when to apply the techniques for examination of the ears, nose, oral cavity and sinuses.
 Palliative Care
 •  Explain the major myths associated with the use of morphine for palliative medicine, and summarise the key messages associated with morphine prescribing.
 Geriatrics
 •  Summarise the complexity of acute presentation of older patients and the practical challenges in the clinical assessment of older people.
 •  Summarise the key issues to consider in the process of a patient journey through rehabilitation from a traumatic illness/ injury.
 Renal Disease
 •  Recognise the common clinical features, complications and diagnosis for acute renal failure, chronic renal failure and nephrotic syndrome and outline how to start treatment in patients with these symptoms.
 •  Summarise and apply the clinical skills needed to assess and manage patients with fluid overload and dehydration, oedema and hypertension.
 •  Apply the lessons learned to elicit an appropriate clinical history from a patient presenting with assess fluid overload and dehydration, oedema and hypertension.
 Orthopaedics
 •  Discuss the clinical features and management of common ankle injuries such as ankle sprains, achilles tendon rupture and ankle fractures.
 •  Summarise knee injury patterns and describe the clinical features of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures and meniscal tears.
 •  Demonstrate a working knowledge of patello-femoral pain, patellar instability and other soft-tissue causes of knee pain.
 •  Summarise the pathology of stress fractures, the common sites and how to diagnose and treat.
 Dermatology
 •  Summarise the importance of the identification and clinical management of skin cancer, differentiating between melanoma, basal cell cancer and squamous cell cancer.
 •  Explain the distinguishing features and the principles of the clinical management of the common inflammatory dermatoses, cutaneous infections and immunobullous disease.
 Gout Symposium
 •  Outline the typical clinical presentation of gout
 •  Explain the principles of gout management
 Clinical Pathology
 •  Use the results of a laboratory test to confirm or refute clinical differential diagnoses for a clinical case
 Gastroenterology
 •  Explain how to elicit relevant information from history-taking to aid in the diagnosis of GI conditions.
 •  Synthesise and integrate information to formulate differential diagnoses.
 Alcohol and Drugs
 •  Summarise the steps to differentiate low risk, risky, problematic and dependent drinking.
 •  Describe how to clinically use the tools to deliver brief advice on alcohol and drug use without implied judgement of a patient.
 •  Identify a range of services available and the appropriate time for a referral of a patient
 Urology and Prostate Cancer
 •  Explain the conflicting views in relation to the diagnoses and treatment of prostate cancer from a urological perspective, using best evidence.
 •  Explain the clinical relevance of staging and grading of prostate cancer.
 •  Determine the curative treatments, and their side effects, for individual patient cases and the most effective regime for managing these patients.
 Neurosurgery
 •  Describe the clinical features and prognosis of common and important condition that require neurosurgery.
 •  Summarise the most effective approach to the clinical assessment of conditions requiring neurosurgery.
 •  Explain the important therapeutic principles in the management of patients requiring neurosurgery.
 •  Identify potential risks to the recovery of patients from common forms of neurosurgery.
 Oncology
 •  Explain the main features of the five therapeutic revolutions in cancer care.
 •  Explain the genomic hallmarks of cancer and why this is clinically relevant
 •  Explain the logic and practice of multi-agent multimodal individualised patent care using case examples.
MBChB 401: Synchronous Learning Yr 4
 Clinical and Communication Skills
 •  Develop an initial management plan, including use of pharmacological therapy for common and important medical and surgical conditions.
MBChB 501: General Practice
 Clinical and Communication Skills
2Evaluate and prepare appropriate management plans for patients with common and important problems in general practice environments.
 •  Recognise key warning signs of serious illness in patients treated in primary care;
 •  Demonstrate skills for dealing with uncertainty in clinical diagnosis in general practice;
 •  Use an evidence-based approach to diagnosis formulation;
 •  Demonstrate skills in rational prescribing;
 •  Appreciate the impact of psychosocial stress on mental health;
 •  Recognise different types of general practice consultations (range: first contact, acute care, episodic care, continuity of care, diagnosis).
 •  Develop an appropriate management plan for the Māori patient and family that is consistent with whānau strengths and resources.
 Personal and Professional Skills
5 •  Demonstrate responsibility, commitment and ability to reflect on your judgement and practice.
6 •  Explain how and when other health professionals need to contribute to the care of a patient.
 •  Contribute to the initiation of referrals for specialist advice appropriately for a range of conditions.
 •  Understand the roles, responsibilities and linkages of those contributing to a primary health care team.
7 •  Recognise own limits in stressful situations and in regard to own knowledge.
MBChB 501: Obstetrics & Gynaecology
 Clinical and Communication Skills
3Evaluate women attending for routine antenatal care.
6 •  Decide, in consultation with clinical staff, situations for which an examination is appropriate;
MBChB 501: Paediatrics
 Clinical and Communication Skills
2 •  Develop an appropriate management plan for the Māori patient and family that is consistent with whānau strengths and resources.
 Personal and Professional Skills
6 •  Work as part of a team including with allied health, other health professionals and recognising the role of community organisations.
MBChB 501: Psychiatry
 Clinical and Communication Skills
2 •  Develop an appropriate management plan for a Māori patient and family that is consistent with whānau strengths and resources.
3 •  Develop a biopsychosocial management plan.
 •  Assess and properly manage safety issues.
 •  Identify the risk issues to be managed and include these in a plan.
 Personal and Professional Skills
6 •  Work as part of a team including with allied staff from the multidisciplinary team from the public, community and non-governmental sectors.
MBChB 501: Specialty Surgery
 Clinical and Communication Skills
4Prepare basic management plans for selected specialty surgical problems.
 •  Apply best available evidence to solve clinical problems;
 •  Identify and discuss areas of controversy in patient management;
MBChB 501: Formal Learning Yr 5
 Complementary Medicine (CAM)
 •  Discuss the place of CAM in the context of contemporary health care in relation to history, patient choice, available evidence and legislation
 Toxicology
 •  Describe the common approach of the early resuscitation and supportive care for a patient presenting with drug ingestion and/or overdose and apply in clinical settings
 Clinical Challenges in Medical Practice
 •  Review the strengths and shortcomings of the biomedical model as applied to contemporary medical practice in New Zealand
 •  Explain the multidisciplinary range and the prevalence of medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS)
 •  Demonstrate a preliminary grasp of approaches to managing these problems in different clinical settings
 Transfusion Essentials
 •  Discuss the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anaemia in the preoperative patient and the value of intravenous iron in this context
 •  Discuss the decision to transfuse red cells in the stable post-operative patient versus transfusion in trauma/massive bleeding events
 •  Discuss transfusion risks, the importance of patient identification and pre-transfusion sample collection
 Women’s Health
 •  Apply knowledge of the common causes of lower abdominal pain in women to common case presentations; integrate this knowledge and appreciate the diagnostic complexities; and develop an initial medical or surgical management plan
 •  Elicit a clear history from a woman with urinary incontinence; determine the mechanisms and types of incontinence based on anatomy and physiology of the urinary tract; outline available information sources to educate patients about conservative treatment options
 •  Perform a clinical breast exam; select appropriate investigations for a woman presenting with a breast lump; explain the importance of correlating results of clinical assessment with radiological and histological findings
 Interpersonal Violence
 •  Apply the tools for asking about violence and abuse during clinical assessment and for assessing for risk
 Prescription Drug Abuse
 •  Design a graduated withdrawal process for a selected patient
 Immunology: Venoms to Vasculitis
 •  Summarise the different types of hypersensitivity reactions and how these present clinically
 •  Explain the general approach to diagnosis of hypersensitivity related disease and apply to future clinical practice
 •  Apply the pathology and presentation of vasculitis and connective tissue disease to clinical cases
 Dilemmas in Palliative Medicine
 •  Use clinical reasoning to problem-solve given case studies
 •  Identify the key skills for triaging referrals in palliative medicine
 •  Apply pain and symptom management in the last days of life
 Optimised Patient
 •  Explain strategies for optimising patients to mitigate their risk factors in advance of an invasive procedure and apply in clinical settings
 Clinical Pharmacology
 •  Develop, through study and application of pharmacological principles, a framework of knowledge that forms the basis for the safe and effective use of medicines in clinical practice
 What’s On Top for Us?
 •  Explain a range of strategies to engage and assess children and adolescents with a range of psychiatric issues
MBChB 551: General Practice
 Clinical and Communication Skills
 •  Key warning signs of serious illness are recognised and acted upon.
 •  Skills for dealing with medical uncertainty are demonstrated.
 •  Competence is demonstrated in a range of consultations, especially for acute care, long-term conditions, episodic care and palliative care.
 •  Skills in working with distressed patients of all ages and ethnicities are identified, along with those for family and whanau.
 •  Sensitivity discussing diagnoses is demonstrated.
 •  Specialist advice is integrated appropriately for a range of conditions.
 •  Management plans are culturally appropriate.
 Personal and Professional Skills
 •  Competency is developed in transfer of care to medical and other healthcare teams.
 •  Collaborative skills with all health professionals are identified.
 Applied Science for Medicine
 •  Medical, social and psychological principles are incorporated in the GP consultation.
 •  Application of pharmacologic principles is demonstrated in disease management and safe prescribing practice.
 •  Basic principles are used to detect cancer in early stages.
MBChB 551: General Medicine
 Clinical and Communication Skills
 •  Comprehensive patient assessments are conducted for common general medical problems including relevant, logical and comprehensive histories.
 •  Differential diagnoses are developed with a determination of the most likely working diagnosis.
 •  Logical problem lists and clinical priorities are formulated for a range of patients and clinical conditions.
 •  Diagnostic tests/investigations are selected and evaluated to confirm or alter a working diagnosis.
 •  Common investigations are interpreted (ECGs, plain radiology, pulmonary function tests and general laboratory tests)
 •  Patient centred management plans are prepared for common general medical problems.
 •  Principles of complex co-morbidities and their interactions in terms of diagnosis and management are recognised.
 •  Elements of management plans are implemented under supervision.
 Personal and Professional Skills
 •  Familiarity with local hospital practices relevant to the practice of medicine is demonstrated.
 •  Responsibility for decision making at appropriate levels is developed, while recognising the need for assistance.
 •  Ability to work within a multidisciplinary environment is developed.
 Population Health
 •  Relevant preventative medicine strategies are incorporated into daily practice – emphasis on vaccinations, smoking cessation, cardiovascular risk assessment and preventative strategies.
 Applied Science for Medicine
 •  Key basic and clinical science principles are revised and applied to the management of patients presenting with a range of common acute and chronic medical conditions.
 •  Application of pharmacologic principles is demonstrated in disease management and safe prescribing practice.
MBChB 551: Obstetrics and Gynaecology
 Clinical and Communication Skills
 •  Special emphasis on the importance of the diagnosis and management of preeclampsia and ectopic pregnancy
MBChB 551: Paediatrics
 Clinical and Communication Skills
 •  Exposure to acute patients is used to reliably and rapidly identify the sick child.
 Personal and Professional Skills
 •  Participation in handover and the use of structured tools for safe transfer of clinical cases.
MBChB 551: Psychiatry
 Clinical and Communication Skills
 •  Patient-centred management plans are developed, incorporate a biopsychosocial approach, and with emphasis on family.
MBChB 551: General Surgery
 Hauora Māori
 •  Potential bias in clinical decision making is identified, with a particular focus on how to minimise bias in the informed consent process.
MBChB 551: Emergency Medicine
 Clinical and Communication Skills
 •  Succinct differentials are identified for a range of undifferentiated patients, along with proposed management plans.
 •  Appropriate investigations are determined and ordered under appropriate level of supervision and responsibility.
 Applied Science for Medicine
 •  Interpretation of laboratory tests are reviewed, using key principles.
MBChB 551: Clinical Imaging
 Personal and Professional Skills
 •  Participate and actively contribute to multidisciplinary team discussions to improve patient care.
 Applied Science for Medicine
 •  Interpretation of normal and abnormal findings in a range of imaging modalities.