MBChB Clinical Scenarios

Learning Point Details	Scenario(s)
Vitamin D metabolism and deficiency	Child with abnormal gait
Iron absorption, transportation and storage; role of hepcidin	Haemochromatosis
Iron metabolism	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Iron, vitamin B12 and folate absorption	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood	Anaemia
Anatomy of mouth (including teeth and tongue), pharynx, larynx, vocal cords, trachea, vertebral column, meninges, spinal cord, jugular veins	Preoperative assessment and management
Anatomy of mouth, nasopharynx, pharynx and larnrynx airway	Upper airway disease
Anatomy of the middle ear	Glue ear
Depressive pseudo dementia	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Anatomy and function of the skin	Burns
Anatomy of the epidermis and dermis	Adult eczema
Microanatomy of the dermis and epidermis	Blisters
Physiological effects of significant skin loss from cutaneous drug reactions	Blisters
Histopathology of melanoma, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma	Skin tumours
Radiology of thorax, including high-resolution CT scan	Chronic sputum production
Virchow's triad	Deep vein thrombosis
Normal ECG and how it correlates with the cardiac cycle; how a 12 level ECG is generated from 10 leads; calculate the QTc interval	Arrhythmias
Anatomy of skin and underlying soft tissue	Superficial injuries
Anatomy and physiology of the skin	Skin and soft tissue infection
Staphylococcus aureus/streptococci/Haemophilus influenzae type b and non-typable	Child with red swelling around one eye
Acquired and inherited abnormalities of platelets	Infant or child with easy bruising
Acquired and inherited disorders of red cells and bone marrow	Infant or child with pallor
Acute phase reactants in acute /chronic inflammation	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Adaptive processes in a limb with chronic ischaemia	Chronic limb pain
Adherence to medication; drug interactions	Contraception
Adverse drug reactions of antimicrobial agents	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Aetiology and pathogenesis of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss	Hearing loss
Aetiology and pathogenesis of nasal polyps, anterior and posterior epistaxis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma	Epistaxis
Aetiology and pathophysiology of heart failure	Heart failure
Aetiology of cardiac arrest	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Aetiology of cerebral hypoperfusion	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Aetiology of intracerebral bleeds	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Aetiology of shoulder dislocations	Dislocated joint
Anaerobic and aerobic respiration; products of anaerobic respiration	Chronic limb pain
Anatomical features relevant to hernia formation	Groin lump
Anatomy (and imaging) of the respiratory tract - mediastinum, lobar anatomy including surface markings, pulmonary and bronchial blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, thoracic wall	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Anatomy and common pathologies of the salivary glands	Neck lump
Anatomy and function of upper airway	Daytime sleepiness
Anatomy and function of each of the extraocular muscles	Diplopia
Anatomy and function of reticuloendothelial system	Fever and adenopathy
Anatomy and function of the biliary tree and pancreas	Patient with jaundice
Anatomy and function of the breast and how the breast changes during pregnancy and lactation	Postpartum care
Anatomy and function of the breast and how the breast changes during puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, breastfeeding and menopause	Breast lump and screening
Anatomy and function of the extraocular muscles	Infant or child with strabismus
Anatomy and function of the female reproductive tract	Heavy menstrual periods, Pregnancy diagnosis, Dysuria
Anatomy and function of the gastrointestinal tract	Diarrhoea
Anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract and pelvic floor	Urinary incontinence in women
Anatomy and function of the lymphatic system	Neck lump
Anatomy and function of the lymphatic system, including the spleen and thymus	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Anatomy and function of the male and female reproductive tracts	Infertility
Anatomy and function of the normal female reproductive tract	Postmenopausal bleeding
Anatomy and function of the perineum and pelvic floor	Labour
Anatomy and function of the placenta	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Anatomy and function of the renal tract	Flank pain and dysuria
Anatomy and function of the respiratory tract	Pneumonia
Anatomy and function of the respiratory tract including larynx/upper airway; microanatomy of airways	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Anatomy and pathology of intraocular pressure	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Anatomy and pathophysiology of neural pathways involved in seizure	Epilepsy / seizure
Anatomy and physiology of haematopoiesis	Anaemia
Anatomy and physiology of liver and biliary tract	Infant with jaundice
Anatomy and physiology of micturition and its disturbance with outflow obstruction	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Anatomy and physiology of pulmonary vasculature	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Anatomy and physiology of tear production and drainage	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Anatomy and physiology of the brain	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract	Failure to thrive
Anatomy and physiology of the heart and lungs	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Anatomy and physiology of the liver, pancreas, adrenal glands and upper airway	Obesity
Anatomy and physiology of the retina, the retinal vascular supply, the optic nerve and the visual tracts within the brain	Sudden painless loss of vision
Anatomy and physiology of the skeletal system (bone and joints, including fetal development)	Child with abnormal gait
Anatomy and physiology of the upper respiratory tract	Neonatal stridor
Anatomy and physiology of thyroid gland	Hypothyroidism
Anatomy and physiology of urinary tract	Child with generalised swelling
Anatomy of abdomen, thorax and pelvis, kidneys, ureters, bladder, spinal cord	Postoperative complications
Anatomy of bone and joints including epiphyses	Child with sore joints
Anatomy of coronary arteries and veins	Acute chest pain
Anatomy of hearing and balance	Dizziness and vertigo
Anatomy of liver and portal circulation	Alcohol
Anatomy of lymphoid tissue including cervical, submandibular and jugulodigastric nodes, and spleen	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Anatomy of outer, middle and inner ear	Hearing loss
Anatomy of respiratory tract (pleura, trachea, bronchi, lungs and diaphragm)	Chronic shortness of breath
Anatomy of respiratory tract; particularly airways	Chronic sputum production
Anatomy of spinal column and spinal cord	Chronic limb pain
Anatomy of the abdomen and pelvis	Bowel obstruction, Adult with abdominal mass
Anatomy of the abdomen and thorax	Penetrating chest trauma
Anatomy of the abdomen, pelvis, femoral and inguinal canals	Acute abdominal pain
Anatomy of the abdominal aorta, its branches and relations	AAA screening
Anatomy of the adnexal structures of the eye (lids, lacrimal structures)	Acute trauma to the eye
Anatomy of the adrenal glands	Adrenal crisis
Anatomy of the blood supply to the eye, with particular focus on the retinal circulation	Annual eye screen for patient with diabetes
Anatomy of the bony, cartilaginous and ligamentous structures of the knee	Knee injury
Anatomy of the brain	Agitated and combative patient
Anatomy of the cerebral circulation	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Anatomy of the cerebral structures associated with memory and behaviour	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Anatomy of the cerebrum and cerebellum	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Anatomy of the cervical spine and cranium	Neck injury
Anatomy of the cervix and vulva	Abnormal cervical smear result
Anatomy of the conjunctiva, limbus, cornea and anterior chamber of the eye	Acute trauma to the eye
Anatomy of the cranium and meninges	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Anatomy of the elbow, forearm and wrist	Forearm / wrist injury
Anatomy of the entire airway-upper and lower; microanatomy of airways	Compromised airway
Anatomy of the external eye and anterior chamber - lashes to lens	Acute or chronic red eye
Anatomy of the eye with focus on the choroid and retina	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Anatomy of the eyelid, orbit, orbital septum, glands in the eyelid, lacrimal gland, extraocular muscles and contents of the orbit	Child with red swelling around one eye
Anatomy of the female reproductive tract	Postpartum care, Gynaecological abdominal pain
Anatomy of the fetal heart and fetal and postnatal circulation	Infant or child with a murmur
Anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract	Chronic bowel motility problems, Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Anatomy of the growing skeleton	Osteomyelitis
Anatomy of the hand and wrist	Hand injury
Anatomy of the head and neck	Head trauma
Anatomy of the head, neck and brain	Sudden onset severe headache
Anatomy of the heart	Valvular heart disease
Anatomy of the heart and cardiovascular system	Fever and a new murmur
Anatomy of the heart and thorax	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Anatomy of the hip joint, pelvis and femur including blood supply to the femoral head	Hip fracture
Anatomy of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland	Diabetes insipidus
Anatomy of the inguinal canal, femoral triangle and veins of the lower limbs	Groin lump
Anatomy of the iris including sphincter and dilator muscles	Pupil abnormality
Anatomy of the knee joint	Knee pain
Anatomy of the liver and biliary tree; include microscopic detail of lobules	Chronic liver disease
Anatomy of the liver and its functions; include microscopic detail of lobules and the relationship between the portal and hepatic blood supplies and the bile ductules	Patient with jaundice
Anatomy of the lower gastrointestinal tract and pelvis	Rectal bleeding
Anatomy of the lower limb - inguinal region, thigh, leg and foot	Musculoskeletal lump
Anatomy of the meninges	Fever and headache
Anatomy of the musculoskeletal and autonomic nervous systems	Falls and collapses
Anatomy of the neck	Neck lump
Anatomy of the neural motor pathways	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Anatomy of the neurovascular structures of the lower limb	Knee injury
Anatomy of the nose, nasopharnyx, sinuses and facial bones	Epistaxis
Anatomy of the optic nerve head and optic nerve	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Anatomy of the oropharynx, larynx, oesophagus, lungs and thorax	Dysphagia
Anatomy of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus	Panhypopituitarism
Anatomy of the rectum, anal canal, perineum and anus	Perianal pathology
Anatomy of the respiratory system	Child with respiratory distress
Anatomy of the shoulder and the rotator cuff muscles	Regional limb pain
Anatomy of the skull and brain; structures responsible for maintaining consciousness	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Anatomy of the thoracic cavity	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Anatomy of the upper and lower airways	Food allergy in paediatrics, Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Anatomy of the upper gastrointestinal tract and vascular supply to the gastrointestinal tract	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Anatomy of the upper limb, including nerve and vascular structures at risk	Dislocated joint
Anatomy of the vascular supply to the eye	Acute trauma to the eye
Anatomy of the vertebral column and paraspinal structures	Non-specific back pain
Anatomy of venous system	Deep vein thrombosis
Anatomy relevant to congenital anomalies	6 week check
Anatomy, physiology and embryologic development of the ear and auditory system	Congenital hearing loss
Anti-hypertensive drugs that are safe in early pregnancy	Secondary hypertension
Anxiety disorders due to more common medical conditions	Anxiety disorder
Applied anatomy relevant to the surgical and interventional treatment approaches for heavy menstrual bleeding (endometrial ablation, polypectomy, myomectomy, hysterectomy, uterine artery embolisation)	Heavy menstrual periods
Appreciate the common knee injury patterns	Knee injury
Arterial supply and venous drainage of the limbs	Chronic limb pain, Acutely painful limb
Aspects of the chronobiology and metabolic syndrome	Daytime sleepiness
Atherosclerotic plaque structure and relationship to clinical presentation	Stable angina
Autoimmune phenomena including rheumatic fever	Osteomyelitis
Awareness of a variety of violent and non-violent methods of self-harm including cutting, shooting, drowning, hanging, high-speed impact, jumping from a height, neglect and the risk levels associated with these	Self-harm
Awareness of nutritional deficiencies and how this may compound certain presentations e.g. delirium tremens	Agitated and combative patient, Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesions	Dislocated joint
Basic biomedical statistics and their application in research	Clinical audit
Basic features of blood group antigens and antibodies; Rh(D) status	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Basic principles of the development of neoplastic disorders	Epistaxis
Basic understanding of genetic laboratory techniques including polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing and microarray analysis	Family with a genetic disorder
Biochemistry of tumour markers	Adult with abdominal mass
Biochemistry of urate production and excretion	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology of paracetamol and iron supplements when taken in overdose	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Biological and endocrinological changes during the menopausal transition phase	Menopause, Breast lump and screening
Biology of platelet production and function	Infant or child with easy bruising
Biology of skin cancer including photo-carcinogenesis and repair of ultraviolet (UV) damage	Skin tumours
Biopsychosocial theories of the aetiology of bipolar affective disorder	Bipolar affective disorder
Blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the testes and scrotum	Acute severe testicular pain
Blood supply of the scaphoid and relevance to fracture healing (avascular necrosis)	Hand injury
Blood transfusion in pregnancy	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Body's responses to metabolic and respiratory acidosis	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Bone mineralisation and its control	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Brain structures responsible for maintaining consciousness	Head trauma
Calcium absorption and homeostasis; transportation of calcium in serum with binding to albumin	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Cancer-associated mutations and targeted chemotherapy	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Carcinogenesis, including occupational and environmental predisposition to formation of urothelial and renal tumours	Gross haematuria
Causes and investigation of pleural fluid	Pneumonia
Causes of cerebral palsy and neonatal seizures	Labour
Causes of end-stage renal failure	Child with generalised swelling
Cell function and effects of ischaemia	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Cellular and cytokine controls of inflammation	Compromised airway
Cellular and molecular basis of autoimmunity	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Cellular regulation and utilisation of energy stores	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Central and peripheral neurological controls of posture, balance and gait	Falls and collapses
Cerebrospinal fluid, blood brain barrier and kernicterus	Infant with jaundice
Cerebrovascular anatomy in relation to cranial nerve III	Pupil abnormality
Changes in bone and lipid metabolism, vessel dynamics, thermoregulatory centre, hair and skin during menopausal transition	Menopause
Changes in cardiac enzymes post-myocardial infarction	Acute chest pain
Changes in physiology observed at low body weight	Eating disorders
Changes in the female reproductive tract during menopausal transition	Menopause
Changes in the respiratory tract including airway, cardiovascular and nervous systems in the unconscious patient	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Characterisation of systolic and diastolic murmurs, including grading	Valvular heart disease
Characteristics and clinical potential of stem cells; embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, induced pluripotent (iPS) cells	Pancytopenia
Characteristics of post-partum psychosis	Postpartum care
Characteristics of multifactorial diseases; associations with single nucleotide polymorphisms and identification of genes with a causal role; personalised and precision medicine	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and control of CSF volume	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Classification and course of the anxiety disorders	Anxiety disorder
Classification and function of lymphocyte types	Fever and adenopathy
Classification and pathology of diffuse lung disease	Worsening shortness of breath
Classification of stroke	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Classification of the vasculitides by size of vessel involved	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Classify the different types of intracranial bleeds	Sudden onset severe headache
Clinical toxicology in the paediatric population	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Coagulation; risk factors for and mechanisms of thromboembolism	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Cognitive changes associated with low weight (including perceptual distortion)	Eating disorders
Cognitive changes associated with puberty	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Colonisation with S. aureus and S. pyogenes	Skin and soft tissue infection
Common causes and pathology of bacterial endocarditis	Fever and a new murmur
Common causes of acquired diplopia	Diplopia
Common fractures of forearm and wrist	Forearm / wrist injury
Common genetic mutations in haemochromatosis	Haemochromatosis
Common infections in immunocompromised patients	Pancytopenia
Common infective organisms in ulcers	Chronic limb pain
Common injury mechanisms and associated fractures of the cervical spine	Neck injury
Common pathogens and microbiology of perinatal infection (differences between neonates and older infants/children)	Febrile infant
Common pathogens and microbiology of ear infections	Glue ear
Common pathogens causing bone and joint infection	Child with sore joints
Common pathologies of the renal tract, including common sites of calculi	Flank pain and dysuria
Common pathologies of the retina, the retinal vascular supply and the optic nerve	Sudden painless loss of vision
Common patterns of injury in the hand	Hand injury
Common teratogens including medications, illicit drugs, alcohol	Fetal health
Compartment syndrome and acute limb ischaemia	Acutely painful limb
Composition of normal urine and its alteration in disease	Flank pain and dysuria
Concept of somatisation	Anxiety disorder
Concept of paraneoplastic syndrome	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Congenital infections (TORCHHS; toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), HIV, herpes simplex virus, syphilis) and perinatally acquired infections	Unwell neonate
Consequences of impairment of lung defence mechanisms	Chronic sputum production
Contribution of patient-clinician and healthcare system factors to the development of and maintenance of symptoms	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Control of breathing; physiology of upper airway during breathing; physiology of sleep and control of breathing during sleep	Daytime sleepiness
Controls of antidiuretic hormone (ADH; also known as vasopressin) release	Diabetes insipidus
Controls of consciousness and pain pathways, neuromuscular junction, ventilation, cardiac output, body fluid compartments	Preoperative assessment and management
Cranial nerves III, IV, VI and their innervation of extraocular muscles	Diplopia
CT anatomy of the thorax	Worsening shortness of breath
Current biopsychosocial theories of alcohol dependence in older people	Major depressive episode
Current biopsychosocial theories of the aetiology of depression in older people	Major depressive episode
Current biopsychosocial theories of the aetiology of personality disorders	Personality disorder
Current biopsychosocial theories of the aetiology of anxiety disorders	Anxiety disorder
Current biopsychosocial theories of the aetiology of medically unexplained physical symptoms (somatoform disorders, factitious disorder, malingering)	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Current biopsychosocial theories of the aetiology of alcohol and substance dependence	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Current biopsychosocial theories of the aetiology of schizophrenia	Acute psychosis
Current biopsychosocial theories of the aetiology of anorexia nervosa	Eating disorders
Current biopsychosocial theories of the causation of disruptive behaviour disorders	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Current hypotheses explaining migraine	Sudden onset severe headache
Current hypotheses underlying aetiology of the metabolic syndrome	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Currently accepted theories relating to appetite and hunger regulation	Eating disorders
Currently accepted theory of pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Define 'triad of anaesthesia', total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) and definitive airway	Preoperative assessment and management
Define the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck (and lymph node groups)	Neck lump
Define the metabolic syndrome	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Definition and mechanism of amaurosis fugax	Sudden painless loss of vision
Definition and mechanisms of acute kidney injury; pathology of acute renal failure: prerenal, renal, postrenal	Acute kidney injury
Definition and pathophysiology of 'metabolic syndrome'; role in the development of atherosclerosis	Obesity
Definition of dementia and delirium	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Definition of food allergy as an adverse immunologic reaction to a food protein	Food allergy in paediatrics
Describe Breslow depth and the implication for prognosis of melanoma	Skin tumours
Describe genome organisation, gene structure, the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA and protein, DNA replication, DNA repair and the cell cycle	Family with a genetic disorder
Describe modes of inheritance including autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked and mitochondrial	Family with a genetic disorder
Describe principles of dose-response relationships, drug distribution and repeated drug dosing	Heart failure
Describe the different epithelial cells along the urinary tract	Gross haematuria
Describe the different types of mutations and explain their predicted consequences; somatic vs germline, phenotypic expression (loss-of-function vs gain-of-function)	Family with a genetic disorder
Describe the genetic basis of cancer; oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes, genes that control cell death, DNA repair genes	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Describe the major peripheral blood and bone marrow abnormalities observed in leukaemias	Pancytopenia
Describe the near and accommodative reflex, with reference to accommodative esotropia	Infant or child with strabismus
Describe the visual pathways, neurological development, pathology and treatment of amblyopia	Infant or child with strabismus
Design of clinical studies: treatment (randomised, nonrandomised) and observational (cohort, case-control)	Pancytopenia
Determine blood pressure, pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure	Secondary hypertension
Development and role of T and B lymphocytes; describe humoral and cell-mediated immune responses	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Development and role of the myeloid cells: red blood cells, platelets, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils	Polycythaemia
Development of mature blood cells from haematopoietic stem cells and the role of cytokines	Pancytopenia
Developmental and DSM-IV criteria for intellectual disability	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Developmental patterns of learning disorders	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Developmental tasks in middle age	Anxiety disorder
Diagnosis of pneumonia (microbiologic, molecular), including sputum analysis	Pneumonia
Dietary sources, absorption, transportation, storage and role of iron, folate, and vitamin B12	Anaemia
Difference between a syndrome, a sequence and an association; explain dysmorphology	Fetal health
Difference between primary, secondary and tertiary adrenal insufficiency	Adrenal crisis
Differences between food intolerance and food allergy (e.g. lactose intolerance vs. peanut anaphylaxis)	Food allergy in paediatrics
Different pelvic types and fetal positions and the consequences of these	Labour
Different types of suture and classification of suture materials	Superficial injuries
Different types of hypersensitivity reaction	Compromised airway
Differentiate pathology of Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis	Perianal pathology
Differentiation between ageing and menopause	Menopause
Differing characteristics of an extradural, subdural, subarachnoid and intracerebral bleed	Head trauma
Disease 'clustering': current hypotheses of infectious and genetic associations in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA)	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Distinction between apparent, primary, and secondary polycythaemia	Polycythaemia
Distinction between monoclonal and polyclonal populations of lymphocytes	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Drug absorption, metabolism and excretion	Self-harm, Overdose in a child or adolescent
Drug dosing and calculations	Overdose in a child or adolescent
DSM-IV classification of personality disorders	Personality disorder
DSM-IV criteria for psychotic disorders including schizophrenia	Acute psychosis
DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for bipolar affective disorder and other relevant psychiatric disease	Bipolar affective disorder
DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disease	Major depressive episode
Effect of ischaemia and vascular growth factors on vascular function; effect of ultra-violet light on the eye; effect of oxidative damage to tissue	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Effects at toxic dose of calcium channel blockers, beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs, digoxin, opioids, aspirin, paracetamol, warfarin and tricyclic antidepressants	Accidental overdose
Effects of hypertension on the kidney	Acute kidney injury
Effects of hypertension on the kidney and the effect of renal disease on blood pressure	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Effects of ischaemia and vaso-proliferative cytokines on tissue	Annual eye screen for patient with diabetes
Effects of medicines on sleep	Daytime sleepiness
Effects of parental separation on children's emotional state	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Effects on the eye of commonly used eye drops	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Electrophysiology of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Embryological development of the fetus, including role of folate and iodine	Fetal health
Embryological origin of testes, including their passage to the scrotum	Groin lump
Embryology and anatomy of genitourinary tract and gastrointestinal system	Abdominal or inguinal lump
Embryology and fetal development of gut and congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents, Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Embryology, structure, function and pathologies of gut and genitourinary system	Child with disorder of elimination
End-organ effects of ADH	Diabetes insipidus
Endocrine and exocrine functions of pancreas	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Endocrine regulation of the normal menstrual cycle	Pregnancy diagnosis
Endocrinology of appetite, glucose metabolism, hypothalamic pituitary axis	Osteomyelitis
Endocrinology of puberty	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Endometrial and tubo-ovarian pathology including hyperplasia and neoplasia	Postmenopausal bleeding
Epidemiology of upper respiratory tract infections from infancy to old age, including usual mechanisms of transmission	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Epigenetic effects: genomic imprinting, DNA methylation in cancer	Family with a genetic disorder
Epilepsy syndromes	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Explain common terminology (phoria, tropia, exo, eso, ortho), underlying causes of, and treatment for strabismus	Infant or child with strabismus
Explain developments in the field of 'regenerative medicine'; outline how a haematopoietic stem cell transplant is undertaken	Pancytopenia
Explain genotype/phenotype correlation and discordance in phenotype within families with genetic disorders	Family with a genetic disorder
Explain that: psoriasis can be associated with inflammatory psoriatic arthritis; severe early-onset chronic large-plaque psoriasis is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease	Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains
Explain the difference between grade and stage of a tumour	Breast lump and screening
Explain the effect of a sensory neuropathy on the skin	Blisters
Explain the mechanism of histamine release due to allergic and non-allergic pathways and explain the role of IgE in type I hypersensitivity responses	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Extent of involvement of upper respiratory tract (including sinuses, Eustachian tubes and middle ear) in viral respiratory tract infections	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Extra-thyroid manifestations of Graves' disease	Hyperthyroidism
Factor deficiencies, genetic diseases and conditions that create a procoagulant environment	Deep vein thrombosis
Factors contributing to the closure of the ductus arteriosus	Infant or child with a murmur
Factors that exacerbate pain	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Features of autoimmune disease, including rheumatic fever	Child with sore joints
Fetal oxygenation and normal/abnormal acid base balance	Labour
Fetal development of gastrointestinal tract	Infant with jaundice
Fetal development of the respiratory system and congenital anomalies	Child with respiratory distress
Fetal medicine and anatomy of development of reproductive organs	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Finding reliable information about drugs	Menopause
Fistula pathogenesis	Perianal pathology
Flow dynamics, Starling's curve and principles of vascular resistance	Acutely painful limb
Function of the rotator cuff	Dislocated joint
Genetic abnormalities in lymphoproliferative disorders and their roles in tumour growth	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Genetic and environmental factors contributing to ankylosing spondylitis	Inflammatory low back pain
Genetic basis of autoimmune disease, including relevance of HLA groups	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands, Swollen and tender joints
Genetic basis of red cell disorders (e.g. thalassaemia, sickle cell anaemia)	Infant or child with pallor
Genetic polymorphisms that alter individual responses to drugs	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Genetic predisposition to gastric cancer	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Genetic, molecular and cellular differences between normal prostate gland, benign and neoplastic growth	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Genetics and pathology of hereditary bowel cancer	Rectal bleeding
Genetics of eating disorders	Eating disorders
Genetics of Alzheimer's disease	Delirium / dementia
Genetics of Alzheimer's disease and other illnesses associated with dementia	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Genetics of colorectal malignancy	Bowel obstruction
Genetics of Duchenne muscular dystrophy; creatine kinase (CK) screening early to allow informed family planning	Child with abnormal gait
Genetics of familial breast cancer	Genetic testing information, Breast lump and screening
Genetics of hearing loss (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked deafness)	Congenital hearing loss
Genetics of inherited coagulation abnormalities: haemophilia, von Willebrand disease	Infant or child with easy bruising
Genetics of inherited haemoglobinopathies and thalassaemias	Anaemia
Genetics of trisomy 21 (classic/mosaicism/translocation)	Fetal health
Glucose and cholesterol homeostasis	Obesity
Glucose homeostasis	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Glucose homeostasis in fetus and newborn	Unwell neonate
Glucose homeostasis in the newborn	Diabetes in pregnancy
Grades of burn (ANZBA 2004 Classification) and implications for prognosis and management	Burns
Haemostasis of temperature control	Burns
harmacology of acyclovir	Acute or chronic red eye, Unwell neonate
Healing processes for bones and joints	Forearm / wrist injury
Help-seeking behaviour of young people: barriers and enablers	Self-harm
Histopathological changes in the heart during prolonged ischaemia	Stable angina
Histopathology and natural history of meningiomas, gliomas, neurofibromas and pituitary tumours	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Histopathology of hepatitis and cirrhosis	Chronic liver disease
Histopathology of testicular tumours and their metastases	Acute severe testicular pain
Histopathology of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Histopathology of bladder cancer	Gross haematuria
Histopathology of coeliac disease and cystic fibrosis	Failure to thrive
Histopathology of oesophageal cancer	Dysphagia
Histopathology of oesophagitis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Homeostasis of red blood cells; describe how clinical conditions such as hypoxia can lead to polycythaemia	Polycythaemia
Hormonal control of prostate growth and its role in benign prostatic enlargement and cancer	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): risks, benefits, costs, regulation	Genetic testing information
Hormones produced by the pituitary and their synthesis; pituitary hormones required for survival	Panhypopituitarism
Hormones secreted by the adrenal glands; mechanism of action of adrenal hormones	Adrenal crisis
Host response to bacterial infection	Skin and soft tissue infection
How chest compressions generate blood pressure	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
How vaccinations induce an immune response	Patient with jaundice, Superficial injuries, Needlestick injury
Identify important myotomes and dermatomes	Neck injury
IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions; other immunological mechanisms that occur (intolerance, hypersensitivity, sensitisation)	Food allergy in paediatrics
Imaging modalities for assessment of vasculature	AAA screening
Immune mechanisms of acute and chronic inflammation	Swollen and tender joints
Immune response following immunisation	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Immune-mediated disease: immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), Henoch-Schonlein vasculitis	Infant or child with easy bruising
Immunological basis for lymphadenopathy	Groin lump
Immunological response to microorganisms	Needlestick injury
Immunology and immunisations (rotavirus)	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Immunology and microbiology of common vaccine preventable disease	Before school check
Immunology of allergic contact dermatitis	Adult eczema
Immunology of autoimmune disease	Painful hands in the cold
Immunology of diffuse lung disease	Worsening shortness of breath
Immunology of eczema and atopy	Itching child
Immunology of post-streptococcal sequelae including post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Immunology of vaccines against respiratory disease including live and inactivated vaccines, mRNA and vector based vaccines	Pneumonia
Immunology of vaccines used to control respiratory disease including live, inactivated, mRNA and vector based vaccine technologies	Chronic shortness of breath
Immunopathology of SLE	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Immunopathology of post-streptococcal disease	Child with generalised swelling
Immunophysiology of vasculitis /angiitis /arteritis	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Infant nutrition and nutrient absorption	Failure to thrive
Infectious pathogens of gastroenteritis; association with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS)	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Inheritance of disease - phenotype-genotype correlations	Chronic sputum production
Inheritance of single gene and multifactorial genetic disorders	Haemochromatosis
Innate immune function of the airways	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Innervation of the heart	Stable angina
Interpret a pedigree from a family with a genetic disorder	Haemochromatosis
Intoxication, misuse, abuse and dependence definitions	Self-harm
Investigation of bacterial meningitis including microscopy and culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)	Fever and headache
Ion and water transport; relevance to disease and pharmacology	Chronic sputum production
Know the common food allergens (cow’s milk, egg, peanut account for 75% of early food allergy) with other common allergens including fish, shellfish, tree nuts, kiwifruit, sesame, wheat and soy	Food allergy in paediatrics
Knowledge of bacterium Propionibacterium acnes	Pimples and rash on the face
Knowledge of disorders that affect multiple organ systems which are important to exclude; e.g. autoimmune disorders	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Knowledge of the aetiology/risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss	Congenital hearing loss
Knowledge of the prevalence of congenital hearing loss	Congenital hearing loss
Laboratory diagnostics including polymerase chain reaction tests in virology	Pneumonia
Legal aspects of prescribing, prescribing outside marketing authorisation	Menopause
List common drugs used in overdose and their antidotes	Self-harm
List the major developmental milestones	Fetal health
Long term sequelae of high body weight	Childhood obesity
Lung defence mechanisms including cellular and immunologic mechanisms; mucociliary clearance	Chronic sputum production
Lung defence mechanisms including cellular and immunologic mechanisms; mucociliary clearance; consequences of impairment	Pneumonia
Lung defence mechanisms including cellular and immunologic mechanisms; mucociliary clearance; consequences of impairment of lung defence mechanisms	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Lymphatic vs haematogenous spread of cancer	Dysphagia
Major fetal chromosomal abnormalities (aneuploidy)	Fetal health
Mechanics including lung volumes, flows and compliance; work and physiological control of breathing	Chronic shortness of breath
Mechanism and diagnosis of stridor	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Mechanism of action and clinical indications for psychostimulant medication in children	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Mechanism of action and dose-response relationship for beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs; define agonist, antagonist, partial agonist	Acute chest pain
Mechanism of action of penicillins, extended spectrum penicillins, aminoglycosides, clavulanic acid, metronidazole, gyrase inhibitors, opioids, paracetamol and ondansetron	Acute abdominal pain
Mechanism of action of menopause-related drug therapy; complementary and alternative medicines	Menopause
Mechanism of action of targeted immunotherapy (e.g. rituximab)	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Mechanism of action of targeted therapy in myeloproliferative neoplasms (e.g. imatinib)	Polycythaemia
Mechanism of action of the methods of contraception	Contraception
Mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of anticonvulsant drugs and drug interactions	Epilepsy / seizure
Mechanism, physiology and diagnosis of stridor	Upper airway disease
Mechanisms and stages of labour and birth	Labour
Mechanisms and controls of vomiting and peristalsis	Bowel obstruction
Mechanisms by which gene mutations are involved in the initation and progression of cancer	Adult with abdominal mass
Mechanisms by which gene mutations are involved in the initation and progression of cancer; acquired (somatic cell) and inherited mutations	Rectal bleeding
Mechanisms controlling haemostasis: platelets and coagulation factors	Superficial injuries, Penetrating chest trauma, Chronic liver disease
Mechanisms controlling haemostasis: platelets and coagulation factors. Laboratory assessment of these including effects of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents	Deep vein thrombosis
Mechanisms of diarrhoea: secretory, osmotic and invasive	Diarrhoea
Mechanisms of haemostasis, thrombus formation and its disturbance during pregnancy and the puerperium	Postpartum care
Mechanisms of haemostasis: platelets and the coagulation cascade	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Mechanisms of hypoxic cellular injury including late apoptosis	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Mechanisms of interactions between medications	Accidental overdose
Mechanisms of sexual arousal, intercourse and orgasm/ejaculation	Infertility
Mechanisms that promote thirst	Diabetes insipidus
Mechanisms that promote venous blood flow in the lower limbs	Deep vein thrombosis
Mechanisms underlying systemic symptoms resulting from inflammation	Painful hands in the cold
Mechanisms, pathology and microbiology of aspiration pneumonia and lung abcess (and empyema)	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Medication use in early pregnancy	Pregnancy diagnosis
Medication use in early pregnancy; reliable sources of drug information	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Medications for bipolar disorder and their associated pharmacology and monitoring requirements e.g. lithium, sodium valproate, lamotrigine, carbamazepine and antipsychotics	Bipolar affective disorder
Metabolic disease and newborn screening	6 week check
Metabolism of calcium and phosphate and mechanism of renal calculi formation	Flank pain and dysuria
Metabolism of T3 and T4	Hypothyroidism
Methods of contraception, including pharmacology of oral contraceptives	Dysuria
Microanatomy of the lung including production of airway lining fluid and mucus layer, muco-ciliary clearance; role of Clara cells, goblet cells and mucus glands	Chronic sputum production
Microanatomy of the lung parenchyma	Worsening shortness of breath
Microanatomy of the vasculature including elastic and muscular arteries	AAA screening
Microbial causes of upper respiratory tract infections	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Microbiological characteristics of Helicobacter pylori; diagnosis and treatment	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Microbiology and histology of tinea and scabies	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Microbiology and pathogenesis of otitis media	Congenital hearing loss
Microbiology and pathogenesis of bone and joint infections plus superantigen and post-streptococcal diseases	Osteomyelitis
Microbiology and pathogenesis of bone and joint infections	Fracture
Microbiology and virology of coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) and other respiratory pathogens	Chronic shortness of breath
Microbiology of septic arthritis and pharmacology of appropriate antimicrobials	Knee pain
Microbiology of Helicobacter pylori	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Microbiology of Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae	Fever and headache
Microbiology of Streptococcus pyogenes and non suppurative complications of group A streptococcal infection	Child with generalised swelling
Microbiology of Streptococcus and streptococcal disease; both invasive and non suppurative sequelae	Child with sore joints
Microbiology of chronic lung infection; biofilm formation	Chronic sputum production
Microbiology of diarrhoea	Diarrhoea
Microbiology of haemophilus influenza B	Compromised airway
Microbiology of herpes simplex virus	Agitated and combative patient
Microbiology of herpes viruses	Osteomyelitis
Microbiology of herpes viruses, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV)	Fever and adenopathy
Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)	Fever and adenopathy
Microbiology of human papilloma virus (HPV)	Perianal pathology
Microbiology of infection post cranial vault fracture	Head trauma
Microbiology of infective exacerbations of eczema (bacteriologic, viral and parasitic) and impetigo	Itching child
Microbiology of meningitis and encephalitis	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Microbiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Microbiology of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) including immunologic and secondary inflammatory response	Pneumonia
Microbiology of peritonitis and surgical site infection; microorganisms associated with venous lines and urinary catheters	Postoperative complications
Microbiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)	Dysuria
Microbiology of sore throat including Streptococcus pyogenes, respiratory viruses and herpes virus family (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV],cytomegalovirus [CMV])	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Microbiology of streptococcus pharyngitis	Upper airway disease
Microbiology of the hepatitis viruses, especially hepatitis B and C viruses	Chronic liver disease
Microbiology of the upper respiratory tract (in institutionalised patients)	Pneumonia
Microbiology of upper respiratory illness including croup, epiglottitis/supraglottitis and tracheitis	Neonatal stridor
Microbiology of upper respiratory tract infections	Epistaxis
Microbiology of urinary tract infection	Child with disorder of elimination
Misuse of drugs	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Mode of action and metabolism of ethanol	Chronic liver disease
Molecular genetics of breast cancer and other hormone-driven malignancies	Breast lump and screening
Molecular structure, production and role of immunoglobulins	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Most common congenital heart diseases (CHD) and their pathogenesis	Infant or child with a murmur
Most common bacterial pathogens causing infection in neonates and maternal sepsis	Unwell neonate
Multifactorial pathogenesis of atopic eczema: genetic and environmental triggers, association with food allergy	Itching child
Multifactorial pathogenesis of hand dermatitis	Adult eczema
Natural history of antenatal and postpartum mood disorders	Postpartum care
Natural history of malignancies that are likely to metastasise to the brain	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Neuroanatomy of brain regions postulated to be associated with schizophrenia	Acute psychosis
Neurological pain pathways	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Non-pharmacological management of severe pain	Flank pain and dysuria
Normal iron metabolism and response to iron deficiency	Heavy menstrual periods
Normal growth and development of newborn	Infant with jaundice
Normal growth and development	Child or adolescent with a headache, Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Normal growth and development through the lifespan	Irritable infant
Normal and abnormal embryo and trophoblast development	Pregnancy diagnosis
Normal and abnormal haematopoiesis	Infant or child with pallor
Normal and abnormal testicular descent	Abdominal or inguinal lump
Normal cardiac electrophysiology including ion channel activity during cardiomyocyte depolarization	Arrhythmias
Normal child development and skill acquisition	Child with disorder of elimination
Normal fluid balance and controls of kidney blood supply: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and prostaglandins	Acute kidney injury
Normal growth and developmental milestones of infant	Fracture
Normal human growth, development and speech through the life span	Before school check
Normal karyotype and types of chromosome abnormalities (numerical, structural)	Family with a genetic disorder
Normal micturition cycle, including autonomic and conscious controls of continence	Urinary incontinence in women
Normal nutrition and growth (iron, vitamin B12/folate, vitamin D)	Infant or child with pallor
Normal physiology of breastfeeding	6 week check
Normal ranges of respiratory rate, heart rate and blood pressure in newborns	Infant or child with a murmur
Normal sequence of puberty: hypothalamic pituitary axis, pubarche vs menarche vs thelarche	Child with abnormal puberty
Normal visual development and maturation in infants	Infant or child with strabismus
Nutrition	Before school check
Nutrition (iron and vitamin D metabolism)	6 week check
Nutrition and normal physiology of breastfeeding	Irritable infant
Nutrition in pregnancy; folic acid and spinal deformity	Child with abnormal gait
Nutrition, normal growth and development including fetal and maternal nutrition	Osteomyelitis
Ocular anatomy relevant to possible site of the opacity: cornea, lens, vitreous, retina	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Optics of hypermetropia and defocus, and spectacle correction	Infant or child with strabismus
Outcomes of the Human Genome Project; use of bioinformatics resources to assemble a range of information related to a genetic disorder	Family with a genetic disorder
Outline the histopathology of lymphomas	Neck lump
Outline the microbiology of gastroenteritis and other causes of diarrhoea and vomiting	Infectious disease outbreak
Outline the normal embryonic and fetal development from implantation to birth and trophoblast	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Outline the pharmacology of aminoglycosides and their ototoxic side effects	Congenital hearing loss
Outline the pharmacology of analgesics for chronic pain (including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)	Painful hands in the cold
Outline the pharmacology of chemotherapeutic agents	Pancytopenia
Outline the pharmacology of common antiemetics, and laxatives	Infectious disease outbreak
Outline the pharmacology of commonly used cytotoxic drugs	Adult with abdominal mass
Outline the pharmacology of inhalation anaesthetic agents, propofol, thiopental, muscle relaxants, local anaesthetic	Preoperative assessment and management
Outline the principles of gene therapy and other genetic-based approaches to disease management (recombinant pharmaceuticals, genetically engineered antibodies and vaccines, targeted inhibition of gene expression)	Family with a genetic disorder
Outline the types of genetic abnormalities found in haematological malignancies	Pancytopenia
Pain pathways and neuronal excitation/inhibition at a spinal level	Painful hands in the cold
Passive and active immunity	Needlestick injury
Pathogenesis and microbiology of aspiration pneumonia, parapneumonic effusion and empyema	Pneumonia
Pathogenesis and microbiology/virology of conjunctivitis	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion	Glue ear
Pathogenesis of hypertension in pregnancy	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Pathogenesis of glaucoma	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Pathogenesis of rheumatic fever	Fever and a new murmur
Pathogenesis of atopic eczema including impairment of the skin barrier function and its subsequent vulnerability to irritants and antigens	Adult eczema
Pathogenesis of autoimmune bullous disease (bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus)	Blisters
Pathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (predominantly genetic basis with environmental aggravators)	Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains
Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, including the role of cytokines	Swollen and tender joints
Pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis	Reactive arthritis
Pathogenesis of acquired disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: acute appendicitis, intussusception	Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Pathogenesis of acute post-streptococcal skin infection	Itching child
Pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms	AAA screening
Pathogenesis of appendicitis and inflammatory bowel disease	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Pathogenesis of asthma	Child with respiratory distress
Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Pathogenesis of autoimmunity (coeliac disease) and allergy	Failure to thrive
Pathogenesis of central and branch retinal artery and vein occlusions	Sudden painless loss of vision
Pathogenesis of congenital cataract, congenital corneal opacity, retinopathy of prematurity	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Pathogenesis of diplopia	Diplopia
Pathogenesis of food allergy/intolerance	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Pathogenesis of gestational diabetes, types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus	Diabetes in pregnancy
Pathogenesis of glomerular injury seen in immune complex-mediated glomerular disease including SLE	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Pathogenesis of malaria and other arthropod borne infections including Dengue fever, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and food and water borne infections such as hepatitis A and typhoid fever	Febrile returning traveller
Pathogenesis of periorbital infection; skin and nasopharyngeal pathogens	Child with red swelling around one eye
Pathogenesis of retinoblastoma	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), atelectasis, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism	Postoperative complications
Pathogenesis of the different types of cutaneous drug reactions	Blisters
Pathogenesis of congenital glaucoma	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Pathogenesis of congenital tear duct obstruction	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Pathological basis of tumour markers	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Pathological processes affecting the kidney; pathology of diabetic renal disease	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Pathology and microbiology of pneumonia	Pneumonia
Pathology and microbiology of tuberculosis	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Pathology in early pregnancy: ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage and molar pregnancy	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Pathology of tonsillitis and deep neck space infection	Upper airway disease
Pathology of pneumothorax	Penetrating chest trauma
Pathology of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)	Acute kidney injury
Pathology of acute inflammation	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Pathology of alcoholic liver disease	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Pathology of benign and malignant breast lumps	Breast lump and screening
Pathology of biliary atresia	Infant with jaundice
Pathology of bronchiectasis	Chronic sputum production
Pathology of coeliac disease, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis	Chronic bowel motility problems
Pathology of colorectal adenocarcinoma, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, haemorrhoids, anal fissures	Rectal bleeding
Pathology of diabetic renal disease	Acute kidney injury
Pathology of different valvular lesions	Valvular heart disease
Pathology of inflammatory disease of the spine and joints	Inflammatory low back pain
Pathology of intracerebral tumours, bleeds and traumatic brain injuries	Epilepsy / seizure
Pathology of kidney disease	Child with generalised swelling
Pathology of lung cancer (and mesothelioma)	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Pathology of metabolic syndrome	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Pathology of microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus	Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Pathology of musculoskeletal tumours	Musculoskeletal lump
Pathology of rheumatic heart disease	Valvular heart disease
Pathology of the different types of dementia e.g. Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Lewy Body dementia	Delirium / dementia
Pathology of thyroid gland	Hypothyroidism
Pathology of types of tumours and other diseases that affect the pituitary	Panhypopituitarism
Pathology of upper respiratory tract malignancy; role of viral infection	Upper airway disease
Pathology of Wernicke/Korsakoff syndrome; role of thiamine deficiency	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Pathophysiological mechanism of hypercalcaemia	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Pathophysiological theories of headaches and migraine	Headache
Pathophysiology and aetiology of delirium	Delirium / dementia
Pathophysiology and differentiation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease /asthma	Chronic shortness of breath
Pathophysiology and genetics of disorders of bone development and structure	Fracture
Pathophysiology and microbiology of cerebral abcesses	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Pathophysiology and microbiology of inflammatory conditions of the male urogenital tract	Reactive arthritis
Pathophysiology and microbiology of inflammatory conditions of the male urogenital tract, including epididymo-orchitis	Acute severe testicular pain
Pathophysiology and natural history of pre-eclampsia	Late pregnancy complications
Pathophysiology including histology of the normal process of cervical metaplasia, the progression of precursor cervical abnormalities to carcinoma, influence of smoking on this process	Abnormal cervical smear result
Pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and premature ovarian insufficinecy (POI)	Infertility
Pathophysiology of ascites and portal hypertension	Chronic liver disease
Pathophysiology of stridor and wheeze	Neonatal stridor
Pathophysiology of menorrhagia	Heavy menstrual periods
Pathophysiology of obesity	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Pathophysiology of delirium and dementia	Agitated and combative patient
Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis	Knee pain
Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis	Regional limb pain
Pathophysiology of pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Pathophysiology of asthma; mechanism and pathophysiology of exercise-induced asthma	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Pathophysiology of septic shock	Flank pain and dysuria
Pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS); recognise the relationship between metabolic syndrome and PCOS	Obesity
Pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and premature ovarian failure (POF)	Amenorrhoea
Pathophysiology of hypertension	Sudden onset severe headache, Obesity, Secondary hypertension
Pathophysiology of visual field defects	Panhypopituitarism
Pathophysiology of a tension pneumothorax	Penetrating chest trauma
Pathophysiology of achalasia and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)	Dysphagia
Pathophysiology of alcoholic cirrhosis, dementia and neuropathy	Alcohol
Pathophysiology of alcoholic dementia, especially frontal lobe	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Pathophysiology of allergy	Food allergy in paediatrics
Pathophysiology of and histological changes in Barrett's oesophagus	Dysphagia
Pathophysiology of angle closure glaucoma	Acute or chronic red eye
Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, plaque rupture and myocardial infarction	Acute chest pain
Pathophysiology of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD)	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Pathophysiology of autoimmune disease	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Pathophysiology of bone and joint disease	Child with sore joints
Pathophysiology of bowel obstruction	Bowel obstruction
Pathophysiology of bronchiectasis; aspiration, gastro-oesophageal reflux, recurrent infections	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Pathophysiology of cardioembolic disease and thrombocclusive peripheral vascular disease	Acutely painful limb
Pathophysiology of cerebral palsy	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Pathophysiology of chronic pain	Headache
Pathophysiology of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma	Alcohol
Pathophysiology of common congenital anomalies	Fetal health
Pathophysiology of compartment syndrome	Forearm / wrist injury
Pathophysiology of Cushing's response	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Pathophysiology of disorders of spermatogenesis	Infertility
Pathophysiology of drug withdrawal syndromes and how they pertain to analgesia/caffeine withdrawal	Headache
Pathophysiology of dyspnoea, airflow obstruction and hyperinflation	Chronic shortness of breath
Pathophysiology of fetal effects in diabetic pregnancy	Diabetes in pregnancy
Pathophysiology of gallbladder disease, hiatus hernia	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Pathophysiology of Graves' disease	Hyperthyroidism
Pathophysiology of Hashimoto’s disease	Hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology of Huntington disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis	Major depressive episode
Pathophysiology of hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Pathophysiology of hyponatremia	Delirium / dementia
Pathophysiology of isoimmunisation, haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Pathophysiology of isoimmunisation, haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) and role of anti-D	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Pathophysiology of joint inflammation	Osteomyelitis
Pathophysiology of ketone production, dehydration and potassium loss in diabetic ketoacidosis	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Pathophysiology of metastatic disease	Hip fracture
Pathophysiology of movement disorders	Tremor and parkinsonism
Pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and neuro-inflammatory disorders including myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis and motor neuron disease	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Pathophysiology of nutritional deficiencies and malabsorption	Failure to thrive
Pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) and narcolepsy; control of breathing during sleep	Daytime sleepiness
Pathophysiology of ocular inflammation: conjunctivitis, keratitis, iritis, episcleritis, scleritis	Acute or chronic red eye
Pathophysiology of osteoporosis, osteomalacia, Paget's disease	Hip fracture
Pathophysiology of pain and pain pathways	Non-specific back pain
Pathophysiology of perforated viscus, intra-abdominal sepsis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cyst accident and a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm	Acute abdominal pain
Pathophysiology of portal hypertension	Patient with jaundice
Pathophysiology of pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; include consideration of retinal ischaemia, compounded by hypertension, renal impairment, poor diabetic control, smoking	Annual eye screen for patient with diabetes
Pathophysiology of preterm labour	Late pregnancy complications
Pathophysiology of radiculopathy	Non-specific back pain
Pathophysiology of resistant hypertension	Daytime sleepiness
Pathophysiology of spinal cord injuries and neurogenic shock	Neck injury
Pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis: hyperprolactinaemia, stress, anorexia, thyroid dysfunction	Amenorrhoea, Infertility
Pathophysiology of the pilosebaceous gland in acne vulgaris	Pimples and rash on the face
Pathophysiology of the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia	Acute psychosis
Pathophysiology of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and stroke	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Pathophysiology of tubal ovarian disease: ovarian cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Pathophysiology of vasovagal syncope	Falls and collapses
Pathophysiology/mechanisms of haemoptysis	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Pattern of burns caused by: electricity, acid, alkali and radiation	Burns
Patterns of Mendelian inheritance	Fetal health
Perinatal physiology	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Peripheral blood abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Pharmacogenetic variability; recognise genetic susceptibility to drug reactions	Blisters
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and side effects of antibiotics in neonates and children using beta-lactams and aminoglycosides as examples	Unwell neonate
Pharmacology of anti-inflammatory corticosteroids	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain, Hip fracture
Pharmacology of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, spironolactone, digoxin, sympathomimetics	Heart failure
Pharmacology of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and hypnosedatives	Major depressive episode
Pharmacology of calcium channel blockers, beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs, digoxin, opioids, aspirin, paracetamol, warfarin and tricyclic antidepressants	Accidental overdose
Pharmacology of beta-2 adrenoceptor agonists, inhaled anti-inflammatory corticosteroids, ipratropium, leukotriene receptor antagonists, sodium cromoglycate	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Pharmacology of xanthine oxidase inhibitors (e.g. allopurinol)	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Pharmacology of gentamicin, chloramphenicol, penicillins with special properties, clavulanic acid	Hearing loss
Pharmacology of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) ointment, metronidazole, fluoroquinolones	Perianal pathology
Pharmacology of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), aspirin, clopidogrel, statins, low molecular weight heparin, unfractionated heparin, tissue-plasminogen activator, abciximab	Acute chest pain
Pharmacology of haloperidol, olanzapine, rispiridone, benzodiazepines	Agitated and combative patient
Pharmacology of amiodarone, sotalol, lignocaine and membrane stabilisers, warfarin	Arrhythmias
Pharmacology of amiodarone, adrenaline	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Pharmacology of isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and anti-cancer drugs	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Pharmacology of loperamide, erythromycin, lactulose, metoclopramide, psyllium husk	Chronic bowel motility problems
Pharmacology of metformin and insulin in treatment of diabetes in pregnancy	Diabetes in pregnancy
Pharmacology of metformin, antihypertensives	Obesity
Pharmacology of metformin, sulphonylureas, GLP1 analogues, DPPIV inhibitors, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, intermediate and mixed insulin, statins	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Pharmacology of methotrexate (for medical management of ectopic pregnancy), misoprostol (for medical management of miscarriage), folate (peri-conceptual) and iodine (supplement in pregnancy)	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Pharmacology of metoclopramide, domperidone, ondansetron and scopolamine	Bowel obstruction
Pharmacology of metronidazole	Diarrhoea
Pharmacology of nifedipine for tocolysis in threatened preterm labour; syntocinon to induce labour; antenatal steroids (betamethasone) in setting of suspected preterm birth	Late pregnancy complications
Pharmacology of paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, metoclopramide, ondansetron	Head trauma
Pharmacology of paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, codeine, tramadol, pethidine, benzodiazepines, midazolam and fentanyl	Dislocated joint
Pharmacology of aspirin, clopidogrel, penicillins, extended spectrum penicillins, clavulanic acid, gyrase inhibitors, tetracyclines, metronidazole, macrolides, vancomycin	Chronic limb pain
Pharmacology of aspirin, clopidogrel, statins, fibrates, ion-exchange resins, thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitor, angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists, alpha-receptor blocker, unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin, warfarin, fibrinolytics	Acutely painful limb
Pharmacology of testosterone, oestrogen, vasopressin, hydrocortisone and thyroxine	Panhypopituitarism
Pharmacology of warfarin, heparin and low-molecular weight heparin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban	Deep vein thrombosis
Pharmacology of benzylpenicillin	Child with sore joints
Pharmacology of carbimazole, propylthiouracil and beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs	Hyperthyroidism
Pharmacology of acyclovir; interactions with contraceptives	Dysuria
Pharmacology of desmopressin	Child with disorder of elimination, Diabetes insipidus
Pharmacology of adrenaline inhaled for acute respiratory distress (croup)	Child with respiratory distress
Pharmacology of ethanol including toxicity, hypnosedatives (e.g. benzodiazepines, chlomethiazole), cannabis, opioids, amphetamines, cocaine, LSD, MDMA ('ecstasy')	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Pharmacology of chloramphenicol	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Pharmacology of macrolides, rifampicin, anti-microbial agents (particularly anti-pseudomonal antibiotics); mechanisms of drug action and potential drug interactions	Chronic sputum production
Pharmacology of anti-malarial drugs	Febrile returning traveller
Pharmacology of gentamicin, trimethoprim, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, nitrofurantion and fluoroquinolone antibiotics	Flank pain and dysuria
Pharmacology of gentamicin, fluconazole, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantion	Dysuria
Pharmacology of chloramphenicol	Pancytopenia
Pharmacology of penicillins, cephalosporins and vancomycin	Fever and headache
Pharmacology of penicillins, cephalosporins and vancomycin	Fever and a new murmur
Pharmacology of penicillins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, extended spectrum penicillins and aminoglycosides	Patient with jaundice
Pharmacology of antihistamines	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Pharmacology of adrenaline and antihistamines	Food allergy in paediatrics
Pharmacology of alpha adrenoceptor blocking drugs and hormonal treatments including 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors for benign prostatic hyperplasia	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Pharmacology of analgesic agents including opioids	Flank pain and dysuria
Pharmacology of analgesic medications used for back pain: paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and opioids	Inflammatory low back pain
Pharmacology of anti-retroviral and anti-viral drugs	Needlestick injury
Pharmacology of anti-retroviral medication, fluconazole and tenofovir	Fever and adenopathy
Pharmacology of anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) therapy - vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Pharmacology of antibacterials used in respiratory infection (benzylpenicillin and associated betalactams cephazolin, cefuroxime), macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin)	Child with respiratory distress
Pharmacology of antibiotic activity: pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics	Febrile infant
Pharmacology of anticholinergic medications and local oestrogens	Urinary incontinence in women
Pharmacology of anticonvulsants: benzodiazepines/midazolam, lorazepam for status epilepticus, phenytoin, phenobarbitone; route of medication delivery in emergency/status epilepticus (e.g: intranasal, buccal and rectal)	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Pharmacology of antiemetics	Dizziness and vertigo
Pharmacology of antihistamines and adrenaline; cross-reactivity of medications	Compromised airway
Pharmacology of antihypertensives, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, lipid lowering agents, thrombolytic agents	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Pharmacology of antispasmodics including botulinum toxin, anticonvulsants (valproate, phenytoin, carbamazepine, benzodiazepines, lamotrigine)	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Pharmacology of antivirals (oseltamivir)	Chronic shortness of breath, Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Pharmacology of asthma medicines including salbutamol, salmeterol, ipratropium, montelukast, and inhaled steroids (beclamethasone, budesonide, fluticasone)	Child with respiratory distress
Pharmacology of benzodiazepines, quetiapine, olanzapine, risperidone and flumazenil	Delirium / dementia
Pharmacology of benzodiazepines, opioids, paracetamol, metoclopramide, ondansetron, flumazenil, naloxone, low molecular weight heparin, insulin, aspirin, clopidogrel, cephazolin	Preoperative assessment and management
Pharmacology of benzoyl peroxide, topical and systemic antibiotics, topical and systemic retinoids, antiandrogens, tetracycline antibiotics	Pimples and rash on the face
Pharmacology of beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs, alpha adrenoceptor blocking drugs, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, spironolactone, thiazide diuretics	Secondary hypertension
Pharmacology of beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs, nitrates, statins, calcium channel blockers	Stable angina
Pharmacology of beta-lactam antimicrobials, gentamicin, meropenem, metronidazole, aminoglycosides, paracetamol and opioids	Postoperative complications
Pharmacology of betalactam antibiotics; (flucloxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulinate, flucloxacillin, cephazolin)	Child with red swelling around one eye
Pharmacology of betalactam antibiotics; (flucloxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulinate, flucloxacillin, cephazolin)	Osteomyelitis
Pharmacology of chemotherapy for lymphoproliferative disorders (e.g. fludarabine, cyclophosphamide)	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Pharmacology of commonly used herbal remedies, interactions with prescribed medications	Dizziness and vertigo
Pharmacology of ethinyl estradiol, progestogens (norethisterone, levonorgestrol,medroxyprogesterone), emergency contraceptive pill	Contraception
Pharmacology of glucocorticoids (e.g. prednisone), and inhaled therapy including beta-2 adrenoceptor agonists (e.g. salbutamol, eformoterol, salmeterol), inhaled anti-cholinergics (e.g. tiotropium, ipratropium) and inhaled corticosteroids (beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticasone)	Chronic shortness of breath
Pharmacology of glucocorticoids, penicillins, penicillins with special properties, clavulanic acid, aminoglycosides, nystatin	Upper airway disease
Pharmacology of hypnosedatives, flumazenil and antidepressant medications	Anxiety disorder
Pharmacology of letrozole, clomiphene, gonadotrophins, metformin	Infertility
Pharmacology of local anaesthetics, paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids	Superficial injuries
Pharmacology of low molecular weight heparin, clopidogrel, aspirin	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Pharmacology of medical treatments for heavy menstrual bleeding: combined oral contraceptive pill, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tranexamic acid, Depo Provera, Mirena intrauterine system (IUS)	Heavy menstrual periods
Pharmacology of medications that commonly cause hyponatraemia and have an awareness of their effect on sodium and water homeostasis	Hyponatraemia
Pharmacology of medications used in management of pain and migraine; paracetamol	Child or adolescent with a headache
Pharmacology of medications used to treat Parkinson's disease	Tremor and parkinsonism
Pharmacology of neuromuscular blockers	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Pharmacology of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antacids, proton pump inhibitors, H2 antagonists, metoclopramide, oral bisphosphonates	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Pharmacology of oestrogen replacement therapy	Breast lump and screening
Pharmacology of opiates	Dysphagia
Pharmacology of opiates such as morphine	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Pharmacology of opioids, metoclopramide, ondansetron, domperidone and scopolamine	Penetrating chest trauma
Pharmacology of opioids, benzodiazepines, alcohol, flumazenil, fibrinolytics, inhalation anaesthetic agents, thiopental, muscle relaxants, carbamazepine, sodium valproate, phenytoin, gabapentin, lamotrigine, ethosuximide and phenobarbital	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Pharmacology of opioids, paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	Postoperative complications
Pharmacology of pain relief and prescribing in children; paracetamol	Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Pharmacology of pain relief, specific to children, including non-medication techniques	Fracture
Pharmacology of pencillin V, amoxicillin and benzyl and benzathine penicillin Pharmacology of erythromycin	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Pharmacology of penicillin, flucloxacillin, macrolides, clindamycin, antifungal agents; therapeutic options to treat MRSA	Skin and soft tissue infection
Pharmacology of penicillins, extended spectrum penicillins (e.g. amoxicillin), clavulanic acid (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid), tetracyclines (e.g. doxycycline), macrolides (e.g. erythromycin, roxithromycin and azithromycin)	Pneumonia
Pharmacology of phenothiazines, thioxanthenes, haloperidol, clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine	Acute psychosis
Pharmacology of progestogens, combined oral contraceptive pill, metformin, anti-androgens	Amenorrhoea
Pharmacology of short acting and long acting insulin, glucagon	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Pharmacology of synthetic hormones: dexamethasone, prednisone, fludrocortisone and hydrocortisone. Relative potencies of these drugs	Adrenal crisis
Pharmacology of the systemic treatments for scabies and tinea; systemic antifungals (terbinafine, itraconazole); systemic antiscabetics (ivermectin)	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Pharmacology of the topical treatments for scabies and tinea; topical antifungal; azoles (miconazole etc); topical antiscabetics (permethrin, malathion)	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Pharmacology of thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, alpha adrenoceptor blocking drugs, centrally acting antihypertensives, calcium channel blockers, opioids, metoclopramide, domperidone, ondansetron, scopolamine	Sudden onset severe headache
Pharmacology of thyroxine, iodine and carbimazole	Hypothyroidism
Pharmacology of topical anti-inflammatory corticosteroids	Itching child
Pharmacology of topical and systemic anti-inflammatory corticosteroids	Adult eczema
Pharmacology of topical and systemic drugs that affect the pupil	Pupil abnormality
Pharmacology of topical steroids, calcipotriol (vitamin D analogue) and coal tar; systemic methotrexate, ciclosporin, acitretin, biologics (tumour necrosis factor-alpha antagonists - adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab; interleukin 12/23 inhibitor - ustekinemab)	Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains
Pharmacology of tryptans, antidepressants, beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs, anticonvulsants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	Headache
Pharmacology of vitamin K, glucocorticoids, cocaine, aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin, abciximab	Epistaxis
Pharmacology of isoniazid	Chronic sputum production
Pharmacology of tenofovir and glecaprevir	Chronic liver disease
Physiological changes associated with ageing	Major depressive episode
Physiological changes following surgery, including consequences of fasting, changes in body fluid compartments, nerve and pain conduction	Postoperative complications
Physiological changes in cardiac function associated with ageing	Acute chest pain
Physiological changes of the cardiovascular and haematological systems at different stages of pregnancy	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Physiological mechanisms for compensating acute haemorrhage	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Physiological response to raised intracranial pressure	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Physiological responses to surgery and anaesthetic	Preoperative assessment and management
Physiology and control of insulin release	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Physiology and different waveforms of jugular venous pressure wave	Heart failure
Physiology and distribution of adipose tissue	Obesity
Physiology and endocrinology of early pregnancy	Pregnancy diagnosis
Physiology and endocrinology of pregnancy including altered glucose tolerance and insulin resistance	Diabetes in pregnancy
Physiology and pathology of coagulation	Infant or child with easy bruising
Physiology and pathophysiology of neonatal jaundice and red cell degradation (physiological and pathological jaundice)	Infant with jaundice
Physiology and regulation of the central nervous system (CNS) environment; function of the reticular activating system	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Physiology behind patterns of pain: visceral vs parietal pain	Acute abdominal pain
Physiology of acute and chronic inflammation	Non-specific back pain
Physiology of acid production in the stomach, function of the lower oesophageal sphincter and gallbladder	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Physiology of acute airway obstruction; intra- vs extra-thoracic, focal vs diffuse airflow obstruction	Compromised airway, Upper airway disease, Sudden onset shortness of breath
Physiology of ageing	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Physiology of aqueous humour production and drainage	Acute or chronic red eye, Acute trauma to the eye
Physiology of blood pressure control, including adaptation to standing	Falls and collapses
Physiology of body fluid compartments	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Physiology of body fluids, acid base and nutrition	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Physiology of bone turnover and articular cartilage	Knee pain
Physiology of breathing, speech, swallowing	Upper airway disease
Physiology of breathing: mechanics, gas exchange, control, work of breathing	Worsening shortness of breath
Physiology of cerebral perfusion and Cushing's response	Head trauma
Physiology of cerebrospinal fluid production and neuronal conduction	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Physiology of conception and implantation	Contraception
Physiology of conception, factors, conditions and hormones required for successful conception	Infertility
Physiology of continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) and non-invasive ventilation	Daytime sleepiness
Physiology of factors that may lead to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)	Hyponatraemia
Physiology of faecal continence	Perianal pathology
Physiology of fever	Febrile returning traveller
Physiology of fluid balance and blood gas	Febrile infant
Physiology of fluid dynamics and vascular mechanics	AAA screening
Physiology of follicle maturation, ovulation and atresia	Infertility
Physiology of fracture healing	Hand injury
Physiology of gas exchange and interpretation of arterial blood gas results	Chronic shortness of breath
Physiology of growth	Failure to thrive
Physiology of hearing	Hearing loss
Physiology of hearing and balance	Dizziness and vertigo
Physiology of intracranial pressure control	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Physiology of mast cells	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Physiology of movement and neural control	Tremor and parkinsonism
Physiology of muscle contraction	Regional limb pain
Physiology of neural motor/sensory pathways (including visual, auditory) and higher mental function	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Physiology of neuromuscular control	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Physiology of non-invasive ventilation (NIV)	Chronic shortness of breath
Physiology of normal digestion and absorption	Chronic bowel motility problems
Physiology of normal puberty and sexual maturity	Amenorrhoea
Physiology of nutrition, digestion, fluid balance, haemostasis	Rectal bleeding
Physiology of olfaction and haemostasis	Epistaxis
Physiology of pain pathways	Regional limb pain
Physiology of pregnancy, hormonal and other physiological changes during the different stages of normal pregnancy	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Physiology of puerperium and lactation	Postpartum care
Physiology of renal disease	Child with disorder of elimination
Physiology of renal perfusion, ultrafiltration and the nephron	Acute kidney injury, Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Physiology of septic shock including disseminated intravascular coagulation	Fever and headache
Physiology of spermatogenesis	Infertility
Physiology of spinal and central mechanisms of sensory perception	Non-specific back pain
Physiology of swallowing	Dysphagia
Physiology of the accommodative reflex (triad)	Pupil abnormality
Physiology of the cardiac cycle and murmur generation	Fever and a new murmur
Physiology of the cardiac cycle, how heart sounds are generated and hydrodynamics	Valvular heart disease
Physiology of the coagulation cascade and reticulocyte cycle	Alcohol
Physiology of the cornea, corneal clarity and corneal repair	Acute trauma to the eye
Physiology of the female and male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and its effects on target organs including the normal menstrual cycle, ovulation and fertile period	Infertility
Physiology of the heart: electrical conduction, synchronous and asynchronous cardioversion	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis	Adrenal crisis
Physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-end organ axis; science of negative feedback loops	Panhypopituitarism
Physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, including the menstrual cycle	Obesity
Physiology of the menopause and the peri-menopausal period; role of anovulation	Heavy menstrual periods
Physiology of the middle ear including function of the pharyngotympanic tube	Glue ear
Physiology of the normal menstrual cycle	Contraception, Heavy menstrual periods
Physiology of the normal menstrual cycle and early pregnancy	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Physiology of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system	Heart failure
Physiology of the thyroid gland and pathology of thyroid nodules	Neck lump
Physiology of uterine contractility and fetal heart rate patterns	Labour
Physiology of vision and visual pathway, ocular motility	Child with red swelling around one eye
Physiology of vision: alignment and function of photoreceptors	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Physiology of vomiting	Dizziness and vertigo
Physiology of water and sodium homeostasis	Hyponatraemia
Portal hypertension in liver disease	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Postnatal adaptation of babies; role of surfactant	Late pregnancy complications
Prescribing during lactation; drug interactions in breast feeding	Postpartum care
Prescribing for children	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Principles of adverse drug reactions	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Principles of cardiac re-modelling	Heart failure
Principles of dialysis and haemofiltration	Acute kidney injury, Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Principles of drug distribution, metabolism and excretion; concentration-time relationships, individual variability in response to drugs; pharmacogenetic variability; monitoring drug therapy, drug interactions, rational approach to prescribing	Arrhythmias
Principles of exogenous steroid use leading to endogenous adrenal suppression	Adrenal crisis
Principles of immunisation and vaccine preventable disease	Fever and headache
Principles of oncogenesis (lymphoma, Wilms tumour, neuroblastoma)	Abdominal or inguinal lump
Principles of pharmacokinetic variability, monitoring drug therapy and drug interactions	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics; principles of drug absorption, transportation, metabolism and excretion	Accidental overdose
Principles of referred pain	Stable angina
Principles of repeated drug dosing, pharmacokinetic variability in the response to drugs, monitoring drug concentrations, rational prescribing (calculation of drug dosage)	Postoperative complications
Principles of Starling's curve and forces	Heart failure
Process of wound healing	Superficial injuries
Processes and routes by which malignancies metastasise	Adult with abdominal mass
Production and excretion of bilirubin	Patient with jaundice, Chronic liver disease
Production and function of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)	Heart failure
Progression of cancer: pre-cancerous to cancer to metastatic disease	Bowel obstruction
Progression of malignancy from pre-cancerous to cancerous to metastatic disease	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Psychiatric and psychological sequelae of seizure-activity and use of anticonvulsants; cognitive dysfunction, mood disturbance, personality changes, anxiety disorder, psychosis	Epilepsy / seizure
Psychology of temperament and personality	Personality disorder
Psychosocial development during infancy and childhood	Failure to thrive
Pulmonary and non-pulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis	Chronic sputum production
Pulmonary mechanics, gas exchange	Pneumonia
Pulmonary mechanics, gas exchange, control of breathing	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Radiologic patterns of diffuse lung disease	Worsening shortness of breath
Recognise the different types of melanoma	Skin tumours
Regulation of plasma potassium, sodium and implications of disturbance	Adrenal crisis
Relation of body weight to healthy development	Childhood obesity
Relation of refractive error to ocular anatomy and relevance to angle closure	Acute or chronic red eye
Renal mechanism for concentrating urine	Diabetes insipidus
Risk factors for abnormal implantation of the placenta	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Risk factors for developing varicose veins	Chronic limb pain
Risk factors for urinary incontinence	Urinary incontinence in women
Risk factors for vertically acquired bacterial sepsis	Unwell neonate
Risk factors in the aetiology of gynaecological malignancies (including genetic)	Postmenopausal bleeding
Risk of serious sepsis across differing paediatric age groups	Unwell neonate
Risks of over-investigation	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Role of iron, vitamin B12 and folate in erythropoiesis	Chronic bowel motility problems
Role of human papilloma virus (HPV) in the aetiology of cervical and vulvar pathology	Abnormal cervical smear result
Role of adrenal hormones and thyroid function and how derangement in these systems can affect water and sodium homeostasis	Hyponatraemia
Role of cytokines in inflammation	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Role of diabetes in the development of atherosclerosis	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Role of drug intoxication and withdrawal in altered mental states	Agitated and combative patient
Role of environmental factors in aetiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Role of hepcidin in iron regulation and the anaemia of chronic disease	Anaemia
Role of JAK2 and BCR-ABL mutations in the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms	Polycythaemia
Role of nutrition in normal growth and development	Child with abnormal puberty
Role of oestrogen in the aetiology of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma	Heavy menstrual periods
Role of psychosocial interventions in managing such disorders effectively	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Role of teratogens in congenital abnormalities	Infant or child with a murmur
Role of the kidney in elimination of drugs and the effect of renal dysfunction on this; pharmacokinetic variability	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Routes of metastatic spread of gynaecological malignancies	Postmenopausal bleeding
Routes of transmitting an infectious disease	Needlestick injury
Science of blood transfusion	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Science of electrical conduction and defibrillation; direct and alternating current	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Science of enteroviruses including epidemiology and syndromes	Fever and headache
Science of flow cytometry	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Science of negative feedback loops	Hypothyroidism
Science of neonatal body cooling	Labour
Science of osmosis and diffusion	Preoperative assessment and management
Science of protein electrophoresis and differentiating polyclonal from monoclonal increases in immunoglobulins	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Science of sound waves, frequency, volume, generation and conduction	Hearing loss
Seizure patterns and localisation (simple, complex, partial, generalisation, absence, daytime/nocturnal)	Epilepsy / seizure
Signs of and response to infection in a child	Osteomyelitis
Skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)) and Streptococcus pyogenes	Skin and soft tissue infection
Soft tissue musculoskeletal pain	Regional limb pain
Stages of sleep and secondary insomnias	Anxiety disorder
Stages of sleep and sleep disturbances	Major depressive episode
Structure and function of pain perception	Painful hands in the cold
Structure and function of the growing skeleton	Fracture
Structure and function of the kidney, including its extra-renal functions (e.g. role in red cell formation)	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Structure and function of the pilosebaceous gland	Pimples and rash on the face
Structure and function of the renal tract	Acute kidney injury
Structure and function of the urinary tract	Gross haematuria
Structure of cardiac myocytes	Arrhythmias
Structure of haemoglobin	Anaemia
Structure, development and function of the placenta	Late pregnancy complications
Structure, function and common pathologies of blood vessels including regulation of blood pressure	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Structure, function and common pathologies of connective tissue	Painful hands in the cold
Structure, function and common pathologies of joints and ligaments including the ankle and foot	Reactive arthritis
Structure, function and common pathologies of joints and ligaments including the spine	Inflammatory low back pain
Structure, function and common pathologies of male urethra	Reactive arthritis
Structure, function and common pathologies of small joints of the hands and feet	Swollen and tender joints
Structure, function and common pathologies of synovium	Swollen and tender joints
Structure, function and common pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract in infants and children	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents, Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Structure, function and common pathologies of the knee, including crystal arthropathy, haemarthrosis and septic arthritis	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Structure, function and common pathologies of the scrotal contents and male urethra	Acute severe testicular pain
Structures of the irido-corneal angle (the anterior chamber angle)	Pupil abnormality
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supply of the pupil	Pupil abnormality
T-cell mediated immunity and inflammation	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Terminology for describing an injury: e.g. laceration, contusion	Superficial injuries
Tetanus exposure and microbiology and disease	Needlestick injury
The aetiology and pathogenesis of cystitis and pyelonephritis	Flank pain and dysuria
The aetiology of Parkinson's disease and Parkinon's disease-like symptoms	Tremor and parkinsonism
The common aetiologies of diarrhoea across the lifespan	Diarrhoea
The evolution of cancer: pre-cancerous to cancer to metastatic disease	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
The process and staging of ovarian ageing	Menopause
The process of drug development, licensing and Pharmaceutical Management Agency (PHARMAC) funding	Genetic testing information
The role of cytokines in acute and chronic inflammation	Inflammatory low back pain
The role of exogenous oestrogens on cardiovascular and gynaecological oncology risk factors	Contraception
The role of HPV test in screening for cervical pathology	Abnormal cervical smear result
The role of lifestyles, such as exercise and diet, on disease development	Stable angina
The spectrum of healthcare-associated infections	Postoperative complications
Theories underlying cognitive behavioural therapy (learning theories, behaviourism, cognitive theories)	Anxiety disorder
Theory and principles of behaviour management, including applied behavioural analysis, setting up a behaviour management programme, parent management training, social skills training	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Theory around antenatal and infant allergen presentation	Food allergy in paediatrics
Thermoregulation and nutrition in preterm and low birth weight babies	Late pregnancy complications
Thyroid hormone synthesis	Hyperthyroidism
Toxicity of paracetamol, aspirin, lithium, organophosphate, tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, zopiclone, carbon monoxide and other common substances used in overdose	Self-harm
Toxicology of alcohol and pathophysiology of alcohol withdrawal	Epilepsy / seizure
Toxicology of alcohol; tolerance, dependence and withdrawal mechanisms	Alcohol
Toxicology of local anaesthetic, opioids	Preoperative assessment and management
Transition at birth from fetal to postnatal breathing	Labour
Transition at birth from fetal to postnatal circulation	Infant or child with a murmur
Transmission and pathophysiology of hepatitis B and C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)	Needlestick injury
Triplet repeat expansion and implications for following generations	Family with a genetic disorder
Type I hypersensitivity, immunoglobulin E (IgE) , mast cells, eosinophils	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Types of gallstones	Patient with jaundice
Types of stones formed and the relationship between the stone composition and other diseases	Flank pain and dysuria
Understand age appropriate developmental milestones for hearing and speech and language	Congenital hearing loss
Understand sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value	AAA screening
Understand that family violence is a power and control issue	Intimate Partner Violence
Understand the concept of "toxic stress"	Intimate Partner Violence
Understand the difference between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss	Congenital hearing loss
Understand the differences between screening and diagnostic tests for cervical pathology	Abnormal cervical smear result
Understand the effect of acids and alkalis on ocular tissue (lids, conjunctiva, cornea and anterior chamber)	Acute trauma to the eye
Understand the importance of family violence as a health issue, including child abuse and neglect, elder abuse and neglect, and intimate partner violence	Intimate Partner Violence
Understand the importance of using evidence-based medicine	AAA screening
Understand the mechanism of action of phototherapy in treating inflammatory skin disorders	Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains
Understand the methods of testing for hearing loss at different ages (including the tests used for neonatal hearing screening)	Congenital hearing loss
Understand the principles of cost-effectiveness	AAA screening
Understand the progression of cancer; pre-cancerous to cancer to metastatic disease	Gross haematuria
Understand the steroidogenesis pathway; pathophysiology of androgen excess; pathophysiology of steroid excess	Obesity
Understanding of ethnicity and how it differs from related concepts	Clinical audit
Understanding of social and historical determinants of health and inequity	Teaching
Use and mechanism of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	Reactive arthritis
Use of antipsychotics, antidepressants, and hypnosedatives	Bipolar affective disorder
Vascular supply to the eye (specifically optic nerve and retina in detail)	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Vascular supply to the head and neck (especially superficial temporal artery)	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Vaughan-Williams classification of anti-arrhythmic drugs	Arrhythmias
Vertical transmission of infections and their prevention	Fetal health
What determines body weight in childhood	Childhood obesity
Work and control of breathing	Chronic shortness of breath
Structuring framing and timing of primary care consultation	Child or adolescent with a headache
'Red flags' for rheumatic fever/serious sepsis; rash, fever, systemic signs	Child with sore joints
Warfarin counselling	Deep vein thrombosis
Driving standards for vision, return to work capabilities, occupational standards for vision	Acute or chronic red eye
Management of "strep throat" in high risk and low risk populations	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
History from a parent and child with hearing or ear complaints	Glue ear
Role of the GP in managing depression	Major depressive episode
Elicit a history from a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus; consider microvascular and macrovascular complications	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
History from a patient with rectal bleeding	Rectal bleeding
Examine a patient with back pain including neurological assessment and joint examination	Non-specific back pain
History from parent/carer; recognise the differences in history taking when dealing with children; document immunisation status	Child with respiratory distress
History from a young woman with dysuria; sexual history and include risk factors for an STI	Dysuria
History from a patient with reflux, dyspepsia; recognise red flag symptoms	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Examination of the upper airway, ears and throat	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Examine comfortably using an otoscope and complete full ear, nose and throat examination	Glue ear
Examine hearing with the Rinne and Weber tests	Glue ear
Examine the nose and upper airway	Epistaxis
Driving standards for vision; occupational standards for vision (monocular and binocular)/return to work capabilities	Acute trauma to the eye
Newborn examination; recognition of the seriously unwell infant	Unwell neonate
Physical examination of the newborn	Infant with jaundice
Assessment of growth and normal development of child	Child with respiratory distress
HEADSS assessment of the adolescent	Child with abnormal puberty
Physical examination including height and weight, blood pressure, visual acuity, fields and fundoscopy	Child or adolescent with a headache
Basic resuscitation infant/neonate	Unwell neonate
Examination of the abdomen (including perianal/perineal areas) and eliciting important signs and symptoms (blood in stools, abdominal masses, weight loss, extraintestinal signs such as rashes and joint pains)	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
X-ray and MRI in assessing patients with inflammatory arthritis	Swollen and tender joints
Examine the patient's skin, evaluate general status and look for signs of underlying infection or disease	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Skin examination to determine the extent and severity of psoriasis	Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains
Examination of a rash; include other structures if relevant (e.g. joint if rash lies over it)	Skin and soft tissue infection
Examination of a patient with blisters noting site, size, flaccidity, distribution of blisters, signs of mucous membrane and systemic involvement	Blisters
Examine the skin and assess the extent and degree of involvement of the eczema; examine for clinical evidence of scabies, eczema herpeticum and molluscum contagiosum; establish if there is secondary bacterial infection and know features of impetigo and furunculosis	Itching child
Elicit a history from a patient with a rash	Skin and soft tissue infection
Establish the history from nursing staff and family/whānau and take a careful drug history	Rest home resident with itching and rash
History from a patient with a skin lesion	Skin tumours
Take a history that allows determination of risk factors for eczema, associated conditions, assessment of severity, current treatment including quantity and duration; assess possible 'steroid phobia'	Itching child
Management of mild to moderate eczema including use of emollients; appropriate use of topical steroid ladder; give family a clear explanation of how to apply topical preparations and appropriate quantities, and demonstrate where necessary	Itching child
Manage, report and avoid adverse drug reactions; use of medic alert bracelet, automated computer alerts; notification to Centre for Adverse Reactions Monitoring (CARM)	Blisters
Take a history focusing on presence or absence of other symptoms of anaphylaxis, possible triggers for urticaria and previous episodes of urticaria or angioedema	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Blood tests in diagnosing inflammatory arthritis	Swollen and tender joints
Examination of an acutely tender joint	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
History from a patient with multisystem chronic inflammatory disease	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
History of acute onset joint pain and potential contributory factors including gout, dehydration, weight loss and diuretic use; take a medication history	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
History relevant to a patient with a connective tissue disorder	Swollen and tender joints
Musculoskeletal examination including an examination of an acute joint	Swollen and tender joints
Basic resuscitation if depressed level of consciousness	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Management of overdose: generally supportive measures, decontamination and specific antidotes	Self-harm
Management of pneumonia: pharmacological and non-pharmacological	Pneumonia
Management of acute asthma: asthma medications, using a spacer, long-term prevention, lifestyle changes, asthma management plan	Child with respiratory distress
Management of hypoglycaemic episode including nonpharmacologic (e.g. eating) and pharmacologic (glucagon injection) methods	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Differential diagnosis of acute chest pain	Acute chest pain
Indications for CT and MRI	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Indications for CT head, toxicology screen, Holter monitor, infection screen	Falls and collapses
Assess fluid balance, particularly in relation to hypoalbuminaemia	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Indications for CT, MRI, MR angiography, cervical spine X-ray	Head trauma
Radiologic features of pneumonia	Child with respiratory distress
Examine the superficial lymph nodes and abdomen (particularly liver and spleen); document lymph node status, liver and spleen size for future comparison	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Management of airway of a breathing and apnoeic patient, massive blood transfusion, anaphylaxis, aspiration pneumonia, perioperative thromboembolic risk, perioperative diabetes mellitus, perioperative fluid and electrolyte balance, perioperative nutrition	Preoperative assessment and management
Interpret monitoring of vital signs, full blood count, coagulation screen, renal function tests, chest X-ray	Preoperative assessment and management
History from a patient with an abnormal chest X-ray and haemoptysis; assess risk factors for tuberculosis and lung cancer including occupational history	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Indications for endoscopy, abdominal X-ray (including plain film contrast studies), CT abdomen, ultrasound abdomen	Chronic bowel motility problems
'Triple assessment' principle and how it is used; examination, imaging and biopsy	Breast lump and screening
Ophthalmoscopy to identify any media opacities (e.g. cataract) and assess fundus	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Classify types and severity of shock; criteria for SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) and septic shock	Postoperative complications
Describe the range of potential postoperative complications (distended bladder, shock, respiratory distress, delirium, ischaemic heart disease, cardiac arrthymias)	Postoperative complications
History from a patient with postoperative complications including urinary retention, pain assessment (communicative and non-communicative), respiratory distress, sepsis features	Postoperative complications
Recognise and assess a critically unwell surgical patient examination of cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological and abdominal systems	Postoperative complications
Access the New Zealand National Poisons Centre website for advice	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Acknowledge concerns of patient and family members. Defer discussions to appropriate specialists such as genetic counsellors when appropriate	Family with a genetic disorder
Acknowledge the limits of the current state of medical knowledge and testing as there are disorders where there are no definitive tests and which may resemble medically unexplained symptoms; the medical and related fields are constantly evolving	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Acknowledge the pain and fear of needles	Superficial injuries
Acute management of stroke and TIA; indication for urgent imaging of the brain; consideration of stroke thrombolysis and primary radiological intervention	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Additional investigations that may be required: slit lamp examination (portable), ultrasound if the media is opaque and Retcam (fundus camera), neuroimaging for retinoblastoma, general paediatric assessment (for systemic causes), genetic/other laboratory investigations	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Administer a screening questionnaire to parents	Before school check
Advance care planning discussion	Genetic testing information
Advice around allergen avoidance and understanding written management plan detailing the signs, symptoms and management of allergic reactions	Food allergy in paediatrics
Advice regarding pregnancy and contraception in women with SLE	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Advise about antigen/irritant avoidance, appropriate topical or systemic therapy (if needed). Give specific written and verbal instructions about management plan (topical steroid use including potency and quantities, frequency and duration)	Adult eczema
Advising about genetic testing for breast cancer	Genetic testing information
Alternative therapy for management of hot flushes (lifestyle, paced breathing, cool environment, exercise, prescription and non-prescription medications)	Menopause
Anaesthetic and common post-surgical complications	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Anaesthetic considerations in older patient with COPD	Hip fracture
Antenatal screening specific to diabetes; risks of fetal anomalies and fetal growth abnormalities	Diabetes in pregnancy
Antibiotic selection: intravenous/oral and consideration of antimicrobial resistance	Skin and soft tissue infection
Antibiotic therapy for genitourinary infection	Reactive arthritis
Antimicrobial stewardship: appropriate selection of antimicrobial agents	Flank pain and dysuria
Antimicrobial stewardship: rational empirical antibiotic choices including perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis	Postoperative complications
Antimicrobial stewardship: role of antibiotics in the management of diarrhoea and the role of antibiotics in causing diarrhoea	Diarrhoea
Antimicrobial stewardship; non pharmacological management of boils	Skin and soft tissue infection
Appearances of bone tumours on plain X-ray	Musculoskeletal lump
Apply criteria for assessing withdrawal from alcohol e.g. CIWA-Ar (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessement for Alcohol)	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders, Chronic liver disease
Apply Ottawa ankle rules (indications for X-rays)	Reactive arthritis
Approach to discussing overweight/obesity with child and family	Osteomyelitis
Approach to documentation in clinical notes of intimate partner violence intervention (history, examination including measurement of any injuries described, safety planning and referral)	Intimate Partner Violence
Appropriate antenatal management of pre-eclampsia; use of magnesium sulphate to prevent and treat eclampsia	Late pregnancy complications
Appropriate management of medically unexplained somatic symptoms	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Appropriate examination including asking for removal of makeup; conduct an appropriately sensitive examination including the face, scalp, neck and trunk; consider use of a chaperone	Pimples and rash on the face
Appropriate administration of anti-D	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Appropriate and safe prescribing of contraception with reference to WHO/UK Medical Eligibility Criteria risk stratification for contraceptive choices	Contraception
Appropriate antenatal management of preterm birth; role of tocolytics, steroids and magnesium sulphate, importance of transfer to hospital with appropriate level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)	Late pregnancy complications
Appropriate communication for a sensitive topic	Dysuria
Appropriate communication for discussing lifestyle including alcohol and weight loss	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Appropriate communication with a patient who feels embarrassed; appropriate communication with a teenager	Pimples and rash on the face
Appropriate communication with patient regarding their change in libido	Panhypopituitarism
Appropriate engagement and consultation with family/whānau, as well as the patient	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Appropriate engagement and consultation with patient and family/whānau	Infant or child with easy bruising
Appropriate examination for contraceptive prescribing	Contraception
Appropriate follow-up of benign ovarian cysts	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Appropriate follow-up of women using hormone therapy	Menopause
Appropriate initial investigations: antenatal screen, Day 3 follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) nd estradiol, luteal phase progesterone, semen analysis	Infertility
Appropriate initial investigations: pregnancy test, gonadotrophins, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), swabs, smear	Amenorrhoea
Appropriate investigations and their indications in short stature, pubertal delay and precocious puberty	Child with abnormal puberty
Appropriate management plan including behavioural and lifestyle changes	Menopause
Appropriate prescribing of anti-D	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Appropriate referral to fertility specialist	Infertility
Appropriate referral to otorhinolaryngology (ORL), paediatrics	Child with red swelling around one eye
Appropriate response to discriminatory or unprofessional discourse in clinical situations	Teaching
Appropriate use of speculum and/or vaginal examination pending review of ultrasound for placental localisation	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Arrange appropriate preoperative investigations	Preoperative assessment and management
Ascertain dietary triggers and be aware of dietary interventions in management of chronic gout	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Assess pupil size and pupil responses	Acute or chronic red eye
Assess fluid status	Heart failure
Assess visual fields to confrontation	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Assess a neonate's need for admission to neonatal unit (feeding difficulties/serious cardiac anomaly)	Fetal health
Assess cardiovascular risk; interpret HbA1c, cholesterol, chest X-ray	Stable angina
Assess co-morbidities e.g. upper respiratory tract disease	Chronic sputum production
Assess for anxiety and depressive symptoms	Child or adolescent with a headache
Assess for associated abnormalities (dysmorphic features) and identification of common genetic syndromes associated with congenital heart disease	Infant or child with a murmur
Assess for other medically unexplained somatic symptoms	Child or adolescent with a headache
Assess macular function (e.g. use of Amsler grid)	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Assess maternal and baby safety (suicidal intent, harming herself and/or the baby)	Postpartum care
Assess nutritional state	Dysphagia
Assess the impact of this chronic disease on the patient and family/whānau; establish a short term and then a realistic longer term goals of management with the patient and the family/whānau	Itching child
Assess the level of daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Score)	Daytime sleepiness
Assessing bone health and indications for and interpretation of bone mineral density test	Menopause
Assessing sexual health and refer for counselling if needed	Menopause
Assessment of anxiety/depressive symptoms	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Assessment of adolescent in case of intentional overdose (HEADSS assessment and full psychiatric evaluation)	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Assessment of child with poor growth including plotting growth parameters (height, weight and head circumference)	Failure to thrive
Assessment of depression, anxiety and alcohol/other drug use	Non-specific back pain
Assessment of facial fractures	Head trauma
Assessment of growth and normal development of newborn, plotting growth charts and correcting for prematurity	6 week check
Assessment of growth, diet, fluid intake and developmental milestones	Child with disorder of elimination
Assessment of household risks and safety in case of younger children	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Assessment of level of consciousness using paediatric AVPU (Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive) scale	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Assessment of mother's level of understanding and experience	Irritable infant
Assessment of normal growth and development of a child and plotting growth parameters	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Assessment of other potential distant sites of trauma (head, neck, torso, other extremities)	Hand injury
Assessment of other potential stressors and support structures	Irritable infant
Assessment of pelvic/abdominal injury	Penetrating chest trauma
Assessment of severity of clinical bleeding (vital signs, signs of shock)	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Assessment of the child presenting with abdominal pain and assessment of school-aged child with recurrent abdominal pain	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Assessment of the infant or child presenting with an acute abdomen: examination for signs of shock, dehydration, peritonism	Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Assessment/detection of any co-existing mental health difficulties	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Associated symptoms and signs: headache, pain on eye movements, ptosis or proptosis	Diplopia
Awareness of advanced airway issues (such as aspiration risk, failed intubation, bronchospasm, laryngospasm), malignant hyperpyrexia, intraoperative myocardial ischaemia, patient undergoing a high-risk anaesthetic	Preoperative assessment and management
Awareness of association with post-partum psychosis and consideration of risks of treatment during pregnancy vs. teratogenicity	Bipolar affective disorder
Awareness of common causes of back pain	Non-specific back pain
Awareness of common co-existing disorders, e.g. depression, anxiety, personality problems	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Awareness of commonly used sites for central venous access	Preoperative assessment and management
Awareness of differences in urine collection in children (catheter, suprapubic bladder aspirate)	Febrile infant
Awareness of dysfunctional coping strategies such as alcohol, hypnosedative abuse and dependence	Anxiety disorder
Awareness of evidence-based side effects of and medical complications of contraception	Contraception
Awareness of high mortality rates with delirium tremens and the medical treatments required for this	Agitated and combative patient, Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Awareness of mind-body interactions	Anxiety disorder
Awareness of normal mother:baby attachment and bonding	Postpartum care
Awareness of prevention of sexually transmitted infections with condoms	Contraception
Awareness of the different grades of endometrial hyperplasia, treatment options and risk of progression to endometrial cancer	Postmenopausal bleeding
Awareness of the law in NZ involving testing of minors	Genetic testing information
Awareness of WHO preoperative checklists	Preoperative assessment and management
Awareness that gonadotrophin levels are not routinely indicated for diagnosis	Menopause
Bariatric surgery and its indications	Daytime sleepiness
Barriers to healthcare access for adolescents	Dysuria
Basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the choking child	Child with respiratory distress
Basic management of burns; immediate and long-term	Burns
Basic resuscitation and assessment of shock and hydration status (particularly relating to an infant)	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Be able to carry out a comprehensive literature review in relation to a health topic	AAA screening
Be able to critically evaluate data	AAA screening
Be able to distinguish between: stertor, stridor and wheeze	Neonatal stridor
Be able to evaluate a screening tool	AAA screening
Be able to interpret audiology tests	Congenital hearing loss
Be aware of the method of routine enquiry for intimate partner violence during clinical assessment	Intimate Partner Violence
Briefly discuss the role of and limitations of cryotherapy, fluorouracil, imiquimod, curettage and electrodessication in the management of superficial non-melanoma skin cancers	Skin tumours
Calculate Wells score for deep vein thrombosis	Deep vein thrombosis
Calculate appropriate drug doses for individual patients by weight and body surface area	Unwell neonate, Overdose in a child or adolescent
Calculate BMI	Eating disorders
Calculate the estimated date of delivery based on Last Menstrual Period (LMP). Use communication skills to counsel for pregnancy options (continuation of pregnancy, adoption, abortion).	Pregnancy diagnosis
Calculate the estimated delivery date	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Cardiac arrest algorithm: shockable and unshockable rhythm, Compressions-Airway-Breathing (CAB), assess quality of resuscitation provided	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Categorise contraceptive options according to their reversibility and effectiveness, as well as timeline for return to fertility	Contraception
Cause and management of a post-obstructive/acute tubular necrosis diuresis	Acute kidney injury
Causes and investigation of alterations of consciousness and coma (physical examination for meningitis, raised intracranial pressure)	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Causes of diabetic ketoacidosis	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Causes of acute oliguric renal failure	Acute kidney injury
Causes of an elevated PSA	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Causes of hypercalcaemia	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Causes of narrow complex and broad complex tachycardias	Arrhythmias
Causes, investigation and management of diffuse lung disease	Worsening shortness of breath
Cessation of attempted resuscitation	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Changes in dosage for those on long-term steroids during intercurrent stress or illness	Adrenal crisis
Classification and differential diagnosis of jaundice	Patient with jaundice
Classification of systemic sclerosis (diffuse vs limited)	Painful hands in the cold
Classification of types of fractured neck of femur; outline management of neck of femur and pelvic fractures	Hip fracture
Classification of plasma cell neoplasms; distinguishing monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) from myeloma; interpretation of protein electrophoresis; importance of assessment for end-organ damage in myeloma	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Classification of pneumonia and assessment of severity using CURB-65 and other criteria	Pneumonia
Classification of seizures	Epilepsy / seizure
Classify hypovolaemic shock according to severity based on clinical signs	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Penetrating chest trauma
Classify heart failure by severity [New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification] and into left, right; systolic, diastolic	Heart failure
Classify acute asthma into mild, moderate, severe and life-threatening	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Classify cardiac arrest according to the underlying cardiac rhythm	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Classify irritable bowel syndrome according to the Rome criteria	Chronic bowel motility problems
Classify patients using American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) criteria and undertake a risk vs benefit assessment	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Classify pulmonary embolism: massive, sub-massive	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Classify the severity of angina using the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Grading Scale	Stable angina
Classify the severity of shock	Epistaxis
Clear communication regarding explanation/discussion of a complex diagnosis (including investigation and management)	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Clear description of the problem to child and family/whānau, to aid in adherence for glasses wearing; describe need to prevent and treat amblyopia, possibility of surgery	Infant or child with strabismus
Clinical examination as appropriate (blood pressure measurement, thyroid, breast and pelvic exam if indicated by history)	Menopause
Clinical features and extra-articular complications of rheumatoid arthritis	Swollen and tender joints
Clinical features of oesophageal perforation	Dysphagia
Clinical features of osteoarthritis	Swollen and tender joints
Clinical features of retinal detachment	Sudden painless loss of vision
Clinical features of STIs	Dysuria
Clinical features of syndromic causes of pubertal delay (especially Turner's syndrome)	Child with abnormal puberty
Clinical reasoning - using key signs and symptoms to establish most likely diagnosis and management	Acute trauma to the eye
Clinical staging classification of cervical cancer	Abnormal cervical smear result
Clinical toxicology; sources of help with overdoses	Accidental overdose
Clinically assess: nasal patency, oral cavity, neck	Neonatal stridor
Co-morbidities of patients with airways disease	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Common age-appropriate treatment methods of primary nocturnal enuresis; understand impact of constipation on the genitourinary system, behavioural interventions	Child with disorder of elimination
Common antidotes; especially cover paracetamol, warfarin, opioid and tricyclic antidepressant overdoses	Accidental overdose
Common causes of acute urticaria (including food allergy, medications, insect stings and latex allergy) and chronic urticaria (idiopathic; physical causes such as dermographism and cholinergic urticaria; medications; autoimmune disease)	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Common developmental skeletal anomalies (knock knees, bow legs, flat feet)	Child with abnormal gait
Common organisms that cause prostatitis and suggest appropriate antibiotic treatment	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Common primary cancers that metastasise to bone	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Commonly used treatments including antimalarials, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Communicate in a way that enables the patient to keep as calm as possible	Compromised airway
Communicate with a patient through an interpreter	Hearing loss
Communicate with parents/family/whānau to establish relationship that will assist in adherence to management plan (postoperative correction of residual refractive error)	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Communicate with patient and family/whānau in a way that addresses health literacy needs of patient and family/whānau	Child with sore joints
Communicate with patient in distress who is choking	Dysphagia
Communication and examination of a patient with dementia	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Communication regarding potentially embarrassing symptoms	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Communication with a patient in severe pain	Flank pain and dysuria
Communication with a patient who is in pain and with distressed family members; breaking bad news	Burns
Compassionate communication with patient and family/whānau when discussing cancer	Gross haematuria
Completing paperwork after a stillbirth or neonatal death;importance of post-mortem examination after stillbirth or neonatal death; when to refer to the coroner	Labour
Complications and prognosis of haemochromatosis	Haemochromatosis
Complications and prognosis of obesity	Obesity
Complications and prognosis of penetrating chest trauma	Penetrating chest trauma
Complications and prognosis of renal calculi	Flank pain and dysuria
Complications associated with eating disorders	Eating disorders
Complications of dementia	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Complications of head trauma	Head trauma
Complications of leukaemias and myeloma; recognise tumour lysis syndrome	Pancytopenia
Complications of deep vein thrombosis	Deep vein thrombosis
Complications of atrial fibrillation	Arrhythmias
Complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus and strategies to prevent them	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Complications of heart failure	Heart failure
Complications of a superficial injury	Superficial injuries
Complications of acute and chronic liver disease	Chronic liver disease
Complications of acute coronary syndrome	Acute chest pain
Complications of alcohol and substances of abuse (including intravenous drug abuse)	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Complications of anti-thyroid drugs	Hyperthyroidism
Complications of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines	Delirium / dementia
Complications of bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis	Chronic sputum production
Complications of burns	Burns
Complications of chronic obstructive airways disease	Chronic shortness of breath
Complications of coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease	Chronic bowel motility problems
Complications of dehydration and intravenous fluid	Infectious disease outbreak
Complications of diabetes insipidus	Diabetes insipidus
Complications of diabetic ketoacidosis	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Complications of diarrhoea	Diarrhoea
Complications of endocarditis	Fever and a new murmur
Complications of excess alcohol intake	Alcohol
Complications of grommets, otitis media, necrotising/malignant otitis externa, cholesteatoma, acoustic neuroma, tympanic membrane rupture	Hearing loss
Complications of hernias	Groin lump
Complications of hypercalcaemia	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Complications of hypothalamic amenorrhoea (infertility, osteoporosis)	Amenorrhoea
Complications of hypothyroidism and its treatment	Hypothyroidism
Complications of intra-abdominal disease	Acute abdominal pain
Complications of malaria, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis and tuberculosis	Febrile returning traveller
Complications of malignant hypertension	Secondary hypertension
Complications of massive antepartum haemorrhage (disseminated intravascular coagulation, multiple organ failure, hysterectomy)	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Complications of mastectomy, lymph node dissection	Breast lump and screening
Complications of orbital infection: orbital abscess, intracranial extension of infection, loss of vision, death	Child with red swelling around one eye
Complications of oropharyngeal airway, nasopharyngeal airway, laryngeal mask airway, tracheal intubation, central line insertion, general anaesthesia, spinal anaesthesia, epidural catheter, other regional anaesthesia	Preoperative assessment and management
Complications of PCOS (infertility, long-term metabolic outcomes and risks to the endometrium)	Amenorrhoea
Complications of POF (infertility, osteoporosis)	Amenorrhoea
Complications of radio-active iodine and thyroidectomy	Hyperthyroidism
Complications of shoulder dislocation	Dislocated joint
Complications of stable angina	Stable angina
Complications of streptococcal pharyngitis	Upper airway disease
Complications of untreated chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis	Dysuria
Complications of valvular heart disease	Valvular heart disease
Conduct a HEADSS assessment	Pimples and rash on the face
Conduct a functional assessment on an older person	Delirium / dementia
Conduct a HEADSS psychosocial assessment	Dysuria
Conduct a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) to screen for cognitive impairment	Major depressive episode
Conduct appropriate physical examination and investigations should the symptom profile change and be suggestive of a new or serious disorder	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Consequences of aggressive sodium correction	Hyponatraemia
Consider contraceptive needs for women of reproductive age with hypertension	Secondary hypertension
Consider health literacy needs of patient and family/whānau	Child with generalised swelling
Consider intimate partner violence as a possible reason for change in health condition	Intimate Partner Violence
Consider risk factors for adrenal disease and other autoimmune conditions; causes of adrenal insufficiency	Adrenal crisis
Consider role of other professionals in patient care - e.g. optometrists	Acute trauma to the eye
Consider sampling and laboratory errors when interpreting results	Hyponatraemia
Consider the possibility of pregnancy in all women of reproductive age and perform a pregnancy test	Pregnancy diagnosis
Consider what investigations or referrals would be appropriate	Neonatal stridor
Contact tracing	Dysuria
Contraception and hormone therapy during the perimenopause	Heavy menstrual periods
Contraception options in breastfeeding women, importance of planning next pregnancy especially if first baby born by caesarean section	Postpartum care
Contraceptive options for men and women (barrier, pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants, injections, vaginal ring, Essure and tubal ligation/vasectomy)	Contraception
Contribution of nephrotoxic medications (e.g. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and contrast media) to acute kidney injury	Acute kidney injury
Correct technique for taking a smear, including completing form	Abnormal cervical smear result
Correct technique to perform endocervical and vaginal swabs	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Counsel a patient about contraceptive options and give them the information to decide what would be safe, effective options for them	Contraception
Counselling regarding chlamydia, condom usage and contraception advice; indications and appropriateness of contraceptives	Dysuria
Counselling regarding unplanned pregnancy	Dysuria
Course and prognosis of patients who have taken overdoses	Self-harm
Criteria for admission or discharge from Emergency Department	Head trauma
Criteria for referral for joint replacement and common complications	Knee pain
Criteria for referral to psychiatric services	Personality disorder, Major depressive episode
De-escalation techniques to reduce aggression and violence; role of restraint	Delirium / dementia
Define vertigo and differentiate it from dizziness, pre-syncope and light headedness	Dizziness and vertigo
Define nephrotic and nephritic syndromes; list common causes	Acute kidney injury
Define polycystic kidney disease and outline its different forms, complications, and prognosis	Gross haematuria
Define amenorrhea and classify it as primary or secondary	Amenorrhoea
Define a coup and contre-coup injury	Head trauma
Define Addisonian crisis and outline the possible presenting features	Adrenal crisis
Define adherence, compliance and concordance with regard to prescribed medicines	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Define diabetes insipidus and explain the two types	Diabetes insipidus
Define diarrhoea	Diarrhoea
Define Eisenmengers syndrome and how it arises	Valvular heart disease
Define gestational diabetes, and distinguish from pre-existing diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2); recognise clinical features of each	Diabetes in pregnancy
Define infertility and classify it as primary or secondary	Infertility
Define monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis and explain its relationship to CLL	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Define varicose veins and intermittent claudication	Chronic limb pain
Describe a rash using dermatological terminology	Skin and soft tissue infection
Describe and interpret chest X-ray showing diffuse lung disease	Worsening shortness of breath
Describe common causes of coughing, wheezing and stridor in neonates and infants	Neonatal stridor
Describe cutaneous features in dermatological terminology	Blisters
Describe cutaneous features using dermatological terminology	Adult eczema
Describe features of vomiting in young infants requiring urgent and/or surgical management (pyloric stenosis, bowel obstruction) and features of vomiting/diarrhoea in older infants (intussusception)	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Describe how to perform an examination of an adult who you suspect is experiencing intimate partner violence	Intimate Partner Violence
Describe how you would set up and conduct the health assessment (including routine enquiry) in such a way that you create an environment that would allow for safe disclosure by a person who is experiencing intimate partner violence	Intimate Partner Violence
Describe other common syndromes, sequences and associations encountered in infancy and childhood	Fetal health
Describe potential clinical outcomes following HIV infection; infections in immunocompromised patients	Fever and adenopathy
Describe signs associated with pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (retinal haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, irregular vein and arteriole caliber)	Annual eye screen for patient with diabetes
Describe the autoimmune polyglandular syndromes	Adrenal crisis
Describe the clinical features observed using dermatological terminology	Itching child, Rest home resident with itching and rash
Describe the cutaneous features using dermatological terminology	Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains, Pimples and rash on the face
Describe the cutaneous findings using dermatological terminology	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Describe the differences in presentation, management and prognosis between low grade and high grade lymphoproliferative disorders	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Describe the options for safety planning and referral including identifying key referral agencies that would be appropriate to contact during the health intervention e.g. DHB social workers, community based family violence advocate (i.e. Shine), Police, and Oranga Tamariki (formerly Child Youth and Family)	Intimate Partner Violence
Describe the range of treatments for acne vulgaris and rosacea including topical, systemic e.g. antibiotics, combined oral contraceptive pill (OCP), antiandrogens and retinoids; combined use of topical and systemic treatments	Pimples and rash on the face
Describe the surgical management of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer	Skin tumours
Describe the technique of dermoscopy	Skin tumours
Detailed cardiovascular examination (vital signs/pulse volumes/perfusion/heart sounds); differentiate innocent from pathological murmurs	Infant or child with a murmur
Detailed examination of respiratory system including assessment of acute and chronic disease and cardiovascular examination	Child with respiratory distress
Detailed history and documentation from family/caregivers of an event; obtaining validation from other carers	Fracture
Determine pre- and post-ductal saturations with a pulse oximeter	Infant or child with a murmur
Determine the location of the lesion in Horner's syndrome	Pupil abnormality
Development and exclusion of differential diagnoses in a non-specific presentation	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Developmental assessment including obtaining educational history and social functioning (HEADSS assessment).	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Diagnosis and eradication of H. pylori infection	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Diagnosis and prognosis of childhood vasculitis syndromes	Infant or child with easy bruising
Diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures	Hip fracture
Diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome; use of imaging and nerve conduction studies	Painful hands in the cold
Diagnosis of hyperventilation syndrome	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Diagnosis of PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria	Amenorrhoea
Diagnostic criteria for endocarditis (Duke criteria)	Fever and a new murmur
Diagnostic criteria of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis; importance of early recognition in view of the threat to vision	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Diagnostic testing for tuberculosis	Pneumonia
Dietary history; advice and iron prescription (adherence, safety, overdose)	Infant or child with pallor
Dietetic input in chronic kidney disease	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Differential diagnosis of chronic liver disease	Chronic liver disease
Differential diagnoses and complications of scrotal problems: pain-predominant vs swelling-predominant	Acute severe testicular pain
Differential diagnoses of generalized anxiety	Anxiety disorder
Differential diagnosis and investigation of fall in older people	Falls and collapses
Differential diagnosis and investigation of pleural effusion	Pneumonia
Differential diagnosis and management of abnormal fetal heart rate pattern including that associated with meconium	Labour
Differential diagnosis and management of breast pain in the puerperium, specifically ensuring correct latch and excluding mastitis	Postpartum care
Differential diagnosis and management of delayed labour progress: non-pharmacological, artificial rupture of membranes, syntocinon, episiotomy, ventouse, forceps and caesarean	Labour
Differential diagnosis and management plan for postmenopausal bleeding	Postmenopausal bleeding
Differential diagnosis for a child or adolescent with a limp	Osteomyelitis
Differential diagnosis for acute and chronic panhypopituitarism	Panhypopituitarism
Differential diagnosis for hot flushes	Menopause
Differential diagnosis for hyperferritinaemia, including infection, inflammation, and liver disorders	Haemochromatosis
Differential diagnosis of strabismus	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Differential diagnosis of psychosis	Acute psychosis
Differential diagnosis of abdominal pain; recognise patterns of referred pain	Acute abdominal pain
Differential diagnosis of headache and awareness of prevalence	Headache
Differential diagnosis of dysphagia	Dysphagia
Differential diagnosis of tinnitus and vertigo; differentiating central from peripheral vertigo	Dizziness and vertigo
Differential diagnosis of epistaxis, nasal blockage	Epistaxis
Differential diagnosis of visual loss	Sudden painless loss of vision
Differential diagnosis of anisocoria	Pupil abnormality
Differential diagnosis of respiratory distress in young child	Child with respiratory distress
Differential diagnosis of rectal bleeding	Rectal bleeding
Differential diagnosis of haematemesis	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Differential diagnosis of dementia and delirium	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Differential diagnosis of medically unexplained physical symptoms	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Differential diagnosis of substance abuse or alcohol dependence	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Differential diagnosis of syncope	Arrhythmias
Differential diagnosis of head trauma	Head trauma
Differential diagnosis of altered level of consciousness	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Differential diagnosis of meningitis - differentiate bacterial meningitis from self-limiting viral illness	Fever and headache
Differential diagnosis of pancytopenia	Pancytopenia
Differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy	Fever and adenopathy
Differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy +/- splenomegaly, and splenomegaly alone	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Differential diagnosis of polycythaemia and causes of secondary polycythaemia	Polycythaemia
Differential diagnosis of hyponatraemia	Hyponatraemia
Differential diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Differential diagnosis of headache	Sudden onset severe headache
Differential diagnosis of a neck lump	Neck lump
Differential diagnosis of a child not using a limb	Fracture
Differential diagnosis of a breast lump and breast pain	Breast lump and screening
Differential diagnosis of a facial rash	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Differential diagnosis of a goitre and thyroid nodule	Neck lump
Differential diagnosis of a murmur, including non-valvular causes	Valvular heart disease
Differential diagnosis of a patient with headache	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Differential diagnosis of a red facial rash	Pimples and rash on the face
Differential diagnosis of abdominal and pelvic masses	Adult with abdominal mass
Differential diagnosis of abnormal gait	Child with abnormal gait
Differential diagnosis of abnormal results of screening for chromosomal abnormalities e.g. multiple pregnancy, incorrect dates	Fetal health
Differential diagnosis of abnormalities in serum sodium	Diabetes insipidus
Differential diagnosis of accidental overdose	Accidental overdose
Differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain in a pregnant and a non-pregnant woman	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain in infancy and childhood including important surgical conditions (for example acute appendicitis, intussusception) which can be difficult to diagnose in infancy	Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Differential diagnosis of acute and chronic joint pain	Swollen and tender joints
Differential diagnosis of acute gastrointestinal illness	Diarrhoea
Differential diagnosis of acute joint pain	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Differential diagnosis of acute painful limb	Acutely painful limb
Differential diagnosis of altered bowel habit	Chronic bowel motility problems
Differential diagnosis of amenorrhoea	Amenorrhoea
Differential diagnosis of asymmetric oligoarthritis and enthesitis	Reactive arthritis
Differential diagnosis of autoimmune disease	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Differential diagnosis of autoimmune disease and fibromyalgia	Painful hands in the cold
Differential diagnosis of breathlessness	Heart failure
Differential diagnosis of cardiac arrest	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Differential diagnosis of causes of abdominal pain in late pregnancy	Late pregnancy complications
Differential diagnosis of chronic limb pain	Chronic limb pain
Differential diagnosis of chronic shortness of breath	Chronic shortness of breath
Differential diagnosis of chronic sputum production	Chronic sputum production
Differential diagnosis of chronic upper abdominal symptoms	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Differential diagnosis of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss	Hearing loss
Differential diagnosis of daytime sleepiness	Daytime sleepiness
Differential diagnosis of depression in an older person	Major depressive episode
Differential diagnosis of diplopia in adult	Diplopia
Differential diagnosis of dysuria: urinary tract infection, sexually transmitted infection (STI), genital ulcers, malignancy	Dysuria
Differential diagnosis of fever in an older patient	Pneumonia
Differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin	Fever and adenopathy
Differential diagnosis of groin lump	Groin lump
Differential diagnosis of haemoptysis	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Differential diagnosis of heavy menstrual bleeding (systemic, pelvic, hormonal/functional causes)	Heavy menstrual periods
Differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism
Differential diagnosis of infertility (female, male and couple aetiologies, unexplained)	Infertility
Differential diagnosis of inflammatory back pain	Inflammatory low back pain
Differential diagnosis of insomnia in an older person	Major depressive episode
Differential diagnosis of low body mass	Eating disorders
Differential diagnosis of mania, including rapid cycling	Bipolar affective disorder
Differential diagnosis of microscopic haematuria	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Differential diagnosis of obesity	Obesity
Differential diagnosis of overdose and other states of altered consciousness	Self-harm
Differential diagnosis of perianal pathology	Perianal pathology
Differential diagnosis of periorbital redness and swelling; consider infection, sinusitis, blepharitis, eyelid abrasion, insect bite	Child with red swelling around one eye
Differential diagnosis of personality disorder	Personality disorder
Differential diagnosis of polyuric patient	Diabetes insipidus
Differential diagnosis of postpartum haemorrhage	Postpartum care
Differential diagnosis of reduced GCS	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Differential diagnosis of secondary amenorrhea	Pregnancy diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of secondary hypertension	Secondary hypertension
Differential diagnosis of seizures in different age groups	Epilepsy / seizure
Differential diagnosis of shoulder dislocation	Dislocated joint
Differential diagnosis of shoulder pain	Regional limb pain
Differential diagnosis of stable angina	Stable angina
Differential diagnosis of sudden onset shortness of breath	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Differential diagnosis of suicidal behaviour	Self-harm
Differential diagnosis of superficial injury	Superficial injuries
Differential diagnosis of swollen limb	Deep vein thrombosis
Differential diagnosis of swollen optic nerve	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Differential diagnosis of the disruptive behaviour disorders	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Differential diagnosis of the aggressive patient, delirium	Agitated and combative patient
Differential diagnosis of the child with swollen joints and recognition of those requiring urgent investigation and management	Child with sore joints
Differential diagnosis of the febrile returning traveller	Febrile returning traveller
Differential diagnosis of thrombocytosis; differential diagnosis of granulocytosis	Polycythaemia
Differential diagnosis of tremor and Parkinsonian features	Tremor and parkinsonism
Differential diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypoglycaemia	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Differential diagnosis of unilateral abdominal pain	Flank pain and dysuria
Differential diagnosis of upper airway compromise	Compromised airway
Differential diagnosis of upper airway obstruction; causes of stridor, hoarseness, ear pain	Upper airway disease
Differential diagnosis of upper respiratory tract symptoms	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Differential diagnosis of urethral discharge	Reactive arthritis
Differential diagnosis of vomiting and absolute constipation	Bowel obstruction
Differentiate between cardiac and respiratory causes of shortness of breath	Chronic shortness of breath
Differentiate biliary atresia (obstructive jaundice) from other causes of prolonged jaundice (red flags on history; pale stools, dark urine)	Infant with jaundice
Differentiate nutritional from other rarer causes of poor weight gain in infancy and early childhood	Failure to thrive
Differentiate self-limiting illness from serious bacterial illnesses	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Differentiate short stature due to familial factors from rarer causes, familial short stature, constitutional delay in growth	Failure to thrive
Differentiation of nephritic and nephrotic syndromes using history, physical examination and urinalysis	Child with generalised swelling
Differentiation of upper respiratory disease from lower respiratory disease	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Direct ophthalmoscopy to clearly identify features of diabetic retinopathy	Annual eye screen for patient with diabetes
Disclosure of a patient’s medical information to third party	Genetic testing information
Discuss contraception in the postpartum period and while breastfeeding	6 week check
Discuss indications for skin biopsy including excision biopsy and describe how to perform a skin (punch) biopsy	Skin tumours
Discuss and institute appropriate therapy, topical and systemic	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Discuss clinical suspicion with family/whānau prior to obtaining investigations to confirm the diagnosis	Fetal health
Discuss effect of diplopia in limitation of personal physical activities such as housework, driving, climbing stairs	Diplopia
Discuss sensitively the possible diagnoses and need for further investigations	Rectal bleeding
Discuss the differential diagnoses of non-pigmented and pigmented skin lesions	Skin tumours
Discuss the long-term impacts: e.g. warfarin post-valve replacement	Fever and a new murmur
Discuss the risk of breast cancer associated with hormone replacement therapy, based on Women's Health Initiative Study	Breast lump and screening
Discuss with patient regarding the psycho-socio-biological relationship in headaches	Headache
Distal neurovascular assessment to check for compromise of these structures	Musculoskeletal lump
Distinguish acute from chronic vision loss; distinguish between retinal causes and other common, slowly advancing, age related causes of vision loss (e.g. cataract, glaucoma)	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Distinguish chronic from acute red eye; differential diagnosis of the acute red eye; differential diagnosis of the chronic red eye	Acute or chronic red eye
Document fundoscopy findings with a diagram; quantify the severity of the signs	Annual eye screen for patient with diabetes
Documentation of injuries in suspected abuse	Hip fracture
Driving standards for vision, return to work capabilities, occupational standards for vision (monocular and binocular)	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Drug therapies for the management of ankylosing spondylitis and spondyloarthropathies including the role of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in modifying the disease process	Inflammatory low back pain
Drugs that cause diabetes insipidus	Diabetes insipidus
Educate on daily capillary blood glucose control	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Educate, at an appropriate time, about prevention of anaphylaxis and self-management	Compromised airway
Effect on future fertility of ectopic, and of pelvic inflammatory disease	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Effectively communicate advice regarding lifestyle	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Effectively communicate with someone with hearing loss	Hearing loss
Effectiveness of treatment options in fibromyalgia: graded exercise; psychotherapy; antidepressants	Painful hands in the cold
Elicit a history from and examine a patient with, jaundice, alcohol withdrawal, haematemesis	Alcohol
Elicit a history of depression from an older patient and/or collateral history from a caregiver/family/whānau member	Major depressive episode
Elicit a collateral history from the emergency medical services, family/whānau, others	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Elicit a comprehensive booking history from a pregnant woman, focusing on risk factors for teratogenicity or fetal abnormality	Fetal health
Elicit a comprehensive child psychiatric and medical history from a parent and child, focusing on disruptive behaviour	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Elicit a comprehensive gynaecological history (including menstrual history, sexual history), medical, surgical and obstetric history	Amenorrhoea, Infertility
Elicit a comprehensive psychiatric and medical history from a patient with bipolar affective disorder	Bipolar affective disorder
Elicit a comprehensive psychiatric and medical history from a patient with an anxiety disorder; consider triggers	Anxiety disorder
Elicit a detailed drug and alcohol history in a sensitive and non-judgemental manner	Chronic liver disease
Elicit a full gynaecological history including past medical and family history	Contraception
Elicit a full gynaecological history; consider risk factors for gynaecological cancer and recognise early symptoms of gynaecological malignancy	Postmenopausal bleeding
Elicit a history	Infant or child with easy bruising, Altered level of consciousness in a child
Elicit a history form a patient with upper airway disease	Upper airway disease
Elicit a history from a fatigued patient	Adrenal crisis
Elicit a history from a fatigued patient; consider autoimmune conditions	Hypothyroidism
Elicit a history from a menopausal woman	Menopause
Elicit a history from a patient with substance abuse or a collateral history from a colleague, screen for underlying mental illness	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Elicit a history from a patient with visual field defects and fatigue	Panhypopituitarism
Elicit a history from a patient with a neck lump; enquire regarding red flag symptoms	Neck lump
Elicit a history from a patient with a personality disorder; assess for other mental health disorders	Personality disorder
Elicit a history from a patient with acute presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (diabetic ketoacidosis); be aware that this could be their first presentation; differentiate diabetic ketoacidosis from hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Elicit a history from a patient with altered bowel habit; recognise 'red flag' symptoms	Chronic bowel motility problems
Elicit a history from a patient with an eating disorder including social and psychological risk factors, e.g. bullying and sexual or other abuse	Eating disorders
Elicit a history from a patient with disorientation; obtain appropriate collateral information (including from GP); consider risk factors for delirium and dementia	Delirium / dementia
Elicit a history from a patient with hyperthyroidism; consider other autoimmune conditions	Hyperthyroidism
Elicit a history from a patient with purulent sputum; screen for risk factors for pneumonia; obtain supporting history from relatives and caregivers where possible if patient unable to provide accurate history	Pneumonia
Elicit a history from a patient with testicular pain and swelling	Acute severe testicular pain
Elicit a history from a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus; enquire about problems with management and disease complications	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Elicit a history from a patient with upper respiratory tract symptoms, screen for risk factors, atopy and elicit daycare history	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Elicit a history from a patient with vomiting; include relevant questions for underlying GI tract malignancy	Bowel obstruction
Elicit a history from a polydipsic, polyuric patient; consider family history, past head trauma, past meningitis and intracranial surgery	Diabetes insipidus
Elicit a history from a woman with a high risk pregnancy; complete a risk assessment for the pregnancy	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Elicit a history from a woman with bleeding late in her pregnancy, with specific reference to risk factors for placenta praevia/abruption/uterine rupture	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Elicit a history from a woman with complications late in her pregnancy; assess risk factors for pre-eclampsia and preterm labour	Late pregnancy complications
Elicit a history from a woman with postpartum complications	Postpartum care
Elicit a history from a young patient with hypertension; family history and history of hypertension in pregnancy	Secondary hypertension
Elicit a history from parent or carer of a child with chronic illness and intellectual disability with no verbal communication including assessing for physical signs of chronicity (clubbing, chest deformity, contractures, dentition, nutritional status)	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Elicit a history from patient and parents/caregivers	Child with sore joints
Elicit a history from someone with medically unexplained physical symptoms; consider mental illness and substance abuse/addiction. Recognise patterns suggesting inappropriate use of health care services	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Elicit a history or collateral history from a patient experiencing acute psychosis; or from a friend or relative screen for risk factors for psychosis	Acute psychosis
Elicit a history, including ingestion history (nephrotoxins, potential allergens)	Child with generalised swelling
Elicit a history; attention to family history of growth delay/short stature/pubertal timing	Child with abnormal puberty
Elicit a patient and/or collateral history when someone has taken an overdose and assess for concurrent mental illness	Self-harm
Elicit a relevant history from family/whānau/patient	Osteomyelitis
Elicit a relevant genitourinary history relating to lower urinary tract	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Elicit a relevant history for eye trauma	Acute trauma to the eye
Elicit a relevant history from a patient with chronic kidney disease, including relevant drug history and co-morbidities	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Elicit a relevant history from a patient with a red eye	Acute or chronic red eye
Elicit a relevant history of visual loss and its associated features	Sudden painless loss of vision
Elicit a relevant history of gradual vision loss	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Elicit a relevant history of sudden visual loss including review of systems which focus on systemic conditions that cause blindness	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Elicit a relevant history of visual development and behaviour, including eye movements, onset of strabismus, including which eye, which direction, and time and duration of strabismus	Infant or child with strabismus
Elicit a relevant history; include family history of renal calculus and other renal disease	Flank pain and dysuria
Elicit a relevant ocular and systemic history from a patient with anisocoria (unequal size pupils)	Pupil abnormality
Elicit a relevant past medical history, medication history, and systems review to identify risk factors for central retinal artery occlusion	Sudden painless loss of vision
Elicit an accurate medication allergy history	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Elicit an acute abdomen history	Acute abdominal pain
Elicit family history (primary nocturnal enuresis, renal disease)	Child with disorder of elimination
Elicit history from patient with chronic shortness of breath; obtain an 'exposure history', including an occupational history; history relevant to other conditions associated with diffuse lung disease	Worsening shortness of breath
Elicit history of alternative medicine treatments	Dizziness and vertigo
Elicit history of ingestion (time, amount, calculate maximum quantity), and consider multiple drug ingestion	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Elicit important symptoms and signs: dysuria, weight loss, polydipsia, hairy patch over sacrum, neurological abnormalities of lower limb, abnormality of anal tone, signs of hypothyroidism	Child with disorder of elimination
Elicit pregnancy, neonatal and family histories with relevance to risk factors for strabismus	Infant or child with strabismus
Elicit sensitive information, particularly of sexual activity and injecting drug use	Febrile returning traveller
Elicit symptom history and clinical signs of acute rheumatic fever following a sore throat Differential diagnosis of sore throat	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Emergency management of hyperkalaemia	Acute kidney injury
Emergency management of acute haemorrhage including resuscitation	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Emergency management of diabetic emergencies (diabetic ketoacidosis, sepsis, hypoglycaemia)	Diabetes in pregnancy
Emergency management of postpartum haemorrhage	Labour
Emergency management of seizures and investigation of the cause	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Emergency management of seizures and status epilepticus	Epilepsy / seizure
Emergency management of severe postpartum haemorrhage	Postpartum care
Emergency management of the critically unwell patient	Fever and headache
Empathic communication with patient in severe pain whilst also taking time-efficient history	Acute abdominal pain
Empirical antibiotic (best-guess therapy) for septic arthritis based on Gram stain result	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Enquire about sexual history, risk behaviours for HIV infection; discuss need for HIV test and implications of a positive result	Fever and adenopathy
Establish a provisional treatment plan appropriate for the patient, the nature and extent of his psoriasis and his lifestyle	Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains
Establish a relationship with patient and family/whānau	Abdominal or inguinal lump
Establish a relationship with the patient and family/whānau	Child with generalised swelling
Establish the psychosocial effect of psoriasis for this patient and his family/whānau	Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains
Establish the type and duration of topical and systemic treatments that have been used previously, and evaluate any associated adverse effects	Pimples and rash on the face
Establish what treatments are being used and the quantities used. Is there 'steroid phobia?'	Adult eczema
Establish whether nocturnal enuresis or diurnal enuresis; establish if primary or secondary enuresis	Child with disorder of elimination
Evaluate common behavioural problems of infancy and early childhood	Before school check
Evaluate corneal clarity	Acute or chronic red eye
Evaluate corneal clarity; elicit signs of corneal epithelial defects, including use of fluorescein	Acute trauma to the eye
Evaluating social history, screening for family violence and postnatal depression	6 week check
Evaluation of prolonged fever or pyrexia of unknown origin	Febrile infant
Evidence for and indications for oxygen therapy - acute and chronic	Chronic shortness of breath
Evidence for and indications for respiratory rehabilitation	Chronic shortness of breath
Examination for atopy, skin conditions, growth and development	Food allergy in paediatrics
Examination including speculum and bimanual examination, including Chadwick sign, status of internal os and estimated size of pregnant uterus	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Examination including visual acuity, pupil response; assess for strabismus and nystagmus; dilate pupil and assess for lens opacities; compare ocular status of eyes	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Examination of anisocoria and pupil responses; examination of cranial nerves	Pupil abnormality
Examination of a lump (site, size, consistency, mobility, tenderness, warmth, redness)	Musculoskeletal lump
Examination of a patient for adenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly	Fever and adenopathy
Examination of a patient post syncope; recognise signs of haemodynamic compromise	Arrhythmias
Examination of a patient who has taken an accidental overdose	Accidental overdose
Examination of a patient who is pregnant including blood pressure measurement, weight and height	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Examination of a patient with headache; elicit signs of meningism, neurological examination	Fever and headache
Examination of a patient with head trauma; recognise the signs of raised intracranial pressure, including papilloedema, and base of skull fracture. Perform neurological examination to detect focal abnormalities	Head trauma
Examination of a patient with pancytopenia; examine the lymphatic system, liver and spleen; identify possible source(s) of infection	Pancytopenia
Examination of a patient with angina	Stable angina
Examination of a patient with a suspected malignancy; signs of cauda equina syndrome and spinal cord compression	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Examination of a patient with breathing difficulties; recognise the signs impending airway obstruction	Compromised airway
Examination of a patient with burns; estimate surface area involved using "Rule of Nines" or Lund-Browder diagrams	Burns
Examination of a pregnant abdomen including palpation of uterine activity	Late pregnancy complications
Examination of a pregnant woman with diabetes	Diabetes in pregnancy
Examination of a pregnant woman, including abdominal assessment of uterine tone and activity, and fetal size and well-being	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Examination of a pregnant women	Fetal health
Examination of a woman in labour	Labour
Examination of acute respiratory distress and other symptoms of anaphylaxis; know the signs and symptoms of an IgE mediated allergic reaction	Food allergy in paediatrics
Examination of cognition, neurological system, skin and a Gait-Arms-Legs-Spine (GALS) screen; recognise signs of abuse and neglect	Falls and collapses
Examination of local and distant lymph nodes	Musculoskeletal lump
Examination of pain in lower limb and musculoskeletal system including referred pain from hip to knee	Osteomyelitis
Examination of the abdomen and genitals; blood pressure measurement	Child with disorder of elimination
Examination of the abdomen and pelvis; including speculum and bimanual pelvic examination	Heavy menstrual periods
Examination of the abdomen including genitals	Abdominal or inguinal lump
Examination of the abdomen; ability to detect abdominal mass	Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Examination of the breast, taking into account normal differences between the lactating and non-lactating breast	Postpartum care
Examination of the cardiovascular and neurological systems relevant to a patient presenting with dizziness	Dizziness and vertigo
Examination of the cardiovascular system; recognise pulmonary oedema and clinical signs of heart failure	Heart failure
Examination of the cardiovascular system; recognise signs of cardiogenic shock	Acute chest pain
Examination of the cardiovascular system; recognise the common diastolic, systolic and continuous murmurs	Valvular heart disease
Examination of the ear, otoscopy and full ENT examination	Hearing loss
Examination of the eye and periorbital area (examining the eye by opening the lids is mandatory); visual acuity, ocular motility, pupil reactions, assessment of conjunctival chemosis and injection, proptosis	Child with red swelling around one eye
Examination of the hip; clinical findings in a fractured neck of femur and in a dislocated hip	Hip fracture
Examination of the knee including tests of ligaments, menisci and neurovascular structures	Knee injury
Examination of the knee joint	Knee pain
Examination of the lower limb venous system; perform Trendelenburg and tourniquet tests	Chronic limb pain
Examination of the neurological system particularly noting gait analysis, cognition, tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia	Tremor and parkinsonism
Examination of the neurological system; recognise meningism	Sudden onset severe headache
Examination of the neurological system; recognise peripheral neuropathy	Chronic limb pain
Examination of the newborn, assessment of dysmorphism and congenital anomalies; outline the management of common congenital abnormalities	6 week check
Examination of the patient with anaemia; recognise lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly	Anaemia
Examination of the peripheral vascular system: grade pulses, Buerger test, recognise the different characteristics of venous, arterial and neuropathic ulcers	Chronic limb pain
Examination of the peripheral vascular system; recognise atrial fibrillation and acute arterial obstruction	Acutely painful limb
Examination of the postnatal woman with bleeding; include abdomen, pelvic exam and speculum if indicated	Postpartum care
Examination of the respiratory system	Pneumonia, Chronic sputum production
Examination of the respiratory system, identify features indicating involvement of structures by lung cancer	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Examination of the respiratory system, recognise respiratory distress	Chronic shortness of breath
Examination of the shoulder including test of rotator cuff and acromio-clavicular joint; include neck examination and neurovascular assessment	Regional limb pain
Examination of the unconscious patient; recognise neurological findings in raised intracranial pressure and signs of base of skull fracture	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Examination of the upper airway, ears and throat	Food allergy in paediatrics
Examination of the young unco-operative child, including evaluation of sepsis and/or acutely unwell child	Fracture
Examination of vision and the endocrine system	Panhypopituitarism
Examination of young infants including abdomen and groin, normal growth and development, including plotting height, weight and head circumference	Irritable infant
Examination, including general (to recognise anorexia, visual field defects, secondary sexual characteristics and syndromes), abdomen and pelvis	Amenorrhoea, Infertility
Examine a diabetic patient, recognise manifestations of diabetes and assess fluid balance	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Examine a patient with diabetes mellitus; include foot, vascular, eye and neurological examinations	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Examine a patient with diabetes mellitus; recognise complications and cutaneous manifestations, especially associated with injection sites	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Examine a patient with high ferritin; recognise signs of end-organ damage from iron overload; identify secondary causes of hyperferritinaemia	Haemochromatosis
Examine a patient with sleep disordered breathing; assessment of the upper airway	Daytime sleepiness
Examine and describe a lesion with use of appropriate dermatological terminology	Skin tumours
Examine for important clinical signs such as neurocutaneous stigmata, or congenital abnormalities including normal growth parameters, head circumference and development	Congenital hearing loss
Examine for lymphadenopathy	Groin lump
Examine for ocular discharge	Acute or chronic red eye
Examine for signs of life and confirm cardiac arrest;check for reversible causes of cardiac arrest	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Examine the abdomen	Diarrhoea
Examine the abdomen and genitalia; pelvic examination using speculum and obtain cervical smears and swabs	Dysuria
Examine the cardiovascular and respiratory system and consider secondary polycythaemia; examine the abdomen (document spleen size)	Polycythaemia
Examine the cardiovascular system and recognise the peripheral signs of endocarditis	Fever and a new murmur
Examine the fatigued patient; recognise the hyperpigmentation of Addison's disease	Adrenal crisis
Examine the hypertensive young patient	Secondary hypertension
Examine the limbs, test rotator cuff function and recognise a dislocated joint	Dislocated joint
Examine the neck, test swallowing and determine the origin of a lump	Neck lump
Examine the polydipsic, polyuric patient; assess fluid balance and visual fields	Diabetes insipidus
Examine the skin and describe features of systemic sclerosis	Painful hands in the cold
Examine the thyroid gland; recognise a goitre	Hypothyroidism
Examine the thyroid gland; recognise thyroid eye disease, extra-thyroid manifestations	Hyperthyroidism
Examine the upper airway and recognise airway compromise	Upper airway disease
Explain advice and support for parents about child health and development including provision of education about healthy eating and healthy activity	Before school check
Explain how to recognise rashes in children and important skin infection and how to manage this within a household	Itching child
Explain procedure of colposcopy and cervical biopsy	Abnormal cervical smear result
Explain the effect of antihistamines	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Explain the possible outcomes following a needlestick injury	Needlestick injury
Explain to a patient: general anaesthetic, regional anaesthetic, awake intubation	Preoperative assessment and management
Explain to caregivers about seeking help for common symptoms in childhood including discussion on vaccine preventable disease; knowledge of immunisation protocols and contraindications	Before school check
Explain to caregivers about seeking help for common symptoms in infancy (including fever, rash, apneoa) as well as symptoms and signs of vaccine preventable disease and severe illness	6 week check
Explain to the patient: rigid sigmoidoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy	Rectal bleeding
Explain types of care for adults including respite, rest home, private hospital	Falls and collapses
Explore patient concerns about the bleeding and acknowledge bleeding may be a frightening symptom	Rectal bleeding
Explore the reasons for seeking contraception and ensure there is no coercion to women's choices	Contraception
Features (important red flags) for non-accidental injury in history, examination and presentation time	Fracture
Features that distinguish organic from functional recurrent abdominal pain	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Fetal monitoring for normal and high risk labour	Labour
Finding information for disease outbreaks	Diarrhoea
Focused musculoskeletal examination and demonstrate the tender points required to make a diagnosis of fibromyalgia	Painful hands in the cold
Focused examination relevant to the presentation of oliguria including aspects of cardiovascular, fluid status/hydration and abdominal examination	Acute kidney injury
Focused examinations of the spine including special tests to assess ankylosing spondylitis	Inflammatory low back pain
Gaining collateral history from witnesses as there is often impaired consciousness/awareness in those with seizures	Epilepsy / seizure
General measures advised in treatment of SLE, such as use of sun protection including sunscreens and control of cardiovascular risk factors	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Generic management of an overdose	Accidental overdose
Genetic testing and cancer screening in families with familial cancers; prophylactic interventions for those with inherited mutation of familial cancers	Adult with abdominal mass
Genetic testing of children and the issue of consent/assent	Genetic testing information
Give basic advice on management and prognosis of febrile seizures	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Grade the severity of chronic liver disease using recognised scoring systems	Chronic liver disease
Gynaecological examination including abdomen, pelvis, inguinal nodes, speculum	Postmenopausal bleeding
Gynaecological examination including abdominal, vaginal and speculum examinations when indicated (including stress test and pelvic floor tone)	Urinary incontinence in women
Gynaecological examination including pelvic examination, speculum	Abnormal cervical smear result
History and examination of a child including ears, upper airway and throat examination Know the clinical ‘red flags’ for airway obstruction such as drooling, stridor	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
History and examination to distinguish serious bacterial infections from intercurrent viral infections; include antenatal history and 20-week anatomy ultrasound	Febrile infant
History and physical examination of functional status and development	Chronic illness in paediatrics
History and/or a collateral history from a patient who has taken an accidental overdose; consider deliberate self-harm	Accidental overdose
History from a jaundiced patient, including information relevant to risk factors and complications of liver disease	Chronic liver disease
History from a patient with chronic shortness of breath (including impact on day to day function, current treatment, level of control, morbidity, co-morbidities)	Chronic shortness of breath
History from a breathless patient; consideration of symptoms of heart failure	Heart failure
History from a confused patient, being aware of the benefits and limitations of a collateral history	Hyponatraemia
History from a febrile patient	Febrile returning traveller
History from a jaundiced patient; include risk factors for hepatitis virus infection, drug, alcohol, sexual, travel and occupational information	Patient with jaundice
History from a major trauma patient, including collateral history	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
History from a patient and her midwife during labour	Labour
History from a patient and parent regarding swelling around the eye, and elicit a relevant history for sight/life threatening orbital cellulitis as distinct from other causes of lid swelling	Child with red swelling around one eye
History from a patient in a surgical pre-admission clinic; take a medication history	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
History from a patient or witness following a syncopal episode; indication for hospital admission	Arrhythmias
History from a patient post-fall and/or collateral history; include nutritional assessment	Falls and collapses
History from a patient who has multiple co-existing conditions, where medication history may be unclear	Chronic limb pain
History from a patient with acute limb ischaemia	Acutely painful limb
History from a patient with hearing loss and associated symptoms	Hearing loss
History from a patient with acute and chronic back pain including red flag symptoms	Non-specific back pain
History from a patient with headache and fever	Fever and headache
History from a patient with head trauma and/or take the history from a witness; recognise symptoms that are important in determining the severity of head trauma	Head trauma
History from a patient with pancytopenia; consider malignant and non-malignant causes of pancytopenia	Pancytopenia
History from a patient with anaemia; consider nutritional deficiencies, inherited anaemias, blood loss, inflammatory disorders and malignancies	Anaemia
History from a patient with lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly; assess symptoms that might differentiate infectious from neoplastic lymphoproliferative causes	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
History from a patient with polycythaemia; consider secondary polycythaemia; recognise symptoms of hyperviscosity	Polycythaemia
History from a patient with acute chest pain; consideration of cardiovascular risk factors	Acute chest pain
History from a patient with a headache; recognise a migrainous aura and subarachnoid haemorrhage	Sudden onset severe headache
History from a patient with a murmur and determine functional status; consider risk factors for rheumatic fever	Valvular heart disease
History from a patient with a murmur and risk factors for endocarditis	Fever and a new murmur
History from a patient with a needlestick injury	Needlestick injury
History from a patient with a new lump	Musculoskeletal lump
History from a patient with a seizure; discuss alcohol intake	Epilepsy / seizure
History from a patient with a swollen joint	Knee pain, Knee injury
History from a patient with a swollen limb; assess risk factors for a deep vein thrombosis	Deep vein thrombosis
History from a patient with abdominal distension; include consideration of malignancy	Adult with abdominal mass
History from a patient with acute limb injury	Dislocated joint
History from a patient with acute shortness of breath; relevant history for a patient with asthma including circumstances of acute attack and background control;relevant history for a patient with anaphylaxis/laryngeal odema; relevant history for a patient with pneumothorax; relevant history for a patient with pulmonary embolism	Sudden onset shortness of breath
History from a patient with an intracerebral lesion	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
History from a patient with burns and/or a witness	Burns
History from a patient with chronic limb pain; assess cardiovascular risk factors, recognise the characteristic symptomatology of intermittent claudication and spinal stenosis	Chronic limb pain
History from a patient with chronic sputum production	Chronic sputum production
History from a patient with diabetes, that is relevant to maintaining vision; consider duration of diabetes, diabetic control,treatment adherence, blood pressure control, smoking, diet, weight	Annual eye screen for patient with diabetes
History from a patient with fever	Fever and a new murmur
History from a patient with fever and adenopathy	Fever and adenopathy
History from a patient with frank haematuria; assess risk factors for renal and bladder cancer, including a detailed employment and family history	Gross haematuria
History from a patient with gastrointestinal bleeding	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
History from a patient with gastrointestinal illness including exposure history for patients with vomiting and/or diarrhoea	Diarrhoea
History from a patient with headache including analgesia rebound headache and migraine	Headache
History from a patient with light headedness or 'dizziness'	Dizziness and vertigo
History from a patient with minor trauma; assess for symptoms of early cognitive decline; consider risk factors for deliberate self-harm and non-accidental injuries	Superficial injuries
History from a patient with neuromuscular symptoms	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
History from a patient with new onset focal neurology; features distinguishing central and peripheral neurological lesions	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
History from a patient with obesity including use of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale	Obesity
History from a patient with possible vasculitis	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
History from a patient with progressive cognitive decline, including a collateral history and medication history (as causes of delirium)	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
History from a patient with rectal bleeding; seek information relevant to inflammatory bowel disease	Perianal pathology
History from a patient with regional limb pain	Regional limb pain
History from a patient with stable angina; consider cardiovascular risk factors	Stable angina
History from a patient with suspected malignancy; identify 'red flags' and 'yellow flags'(psychosocial indicators) of back pain; symptoms of hypercalcaemia	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
History from a patient, or family, with suspected hereditary disease	Haemochromatosis
History from a pregnant woman with elevated blood glucose levels, specifically assessing for risk factors for diabetes	Diabetes in pregnancy
History from a trauma patient	Neck injury
History from a trauma patient and/or witness including managing patient and family/whānau distress	Penetrating chest trauma
History from a witness of the cardiac arrest	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
History from a woman presenting with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding including information on contraceptive use and risk factors for ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage	Gynaecological abdominal pain
History from a woman with a breast lump; include family history, gynaecological history, risk factors for breast cancer, mammogram profile to date	Breast lump and screening
History from a woman with urinary incontinence; differentiate stress, urge, mixed and neurological	Urinary incontinence in women
History from an agitated patient; elicit a collateral history; assess risk factors for delirium	Agitated and combative patient
History from and examine a patient with diarrhoea, vomiting	Infectious disease outbreak
History from caregiver including antenatal history	Abdominal or inguinal lump
History from caregiver with consideration of red flags (blood in stools, vomiting bile)	Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
History from patient who has had a fall; be aware of limitations when a patient has confusion	Hip fracture
History from someone with dysphagia; recognise red flag symptoms	Dysphagia
History from someone with an abnormal smear result; focus on sexual, gynaecological and reproductive history	Abnormal cervical smear result
History from the patient and a collateral history from family/whānau and staff involved in care	Acute kidney injury
History from the patient with fatigue (including possible psychological component, stress); recognise red flag symptoms	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
History of a hand trauma; be aware that the history may be unreliable in certain situations	Hand injury
History of a musculoskeletal trauma	Forearm / wrist injury
History of a patient with a tremor and worsening gait	Tremor and parkinsonism
History of an immediate allergic reaction, history of likely triggers and taking history of food consumption, including infant feeding and introduction of different foods	Food allergy in paediatrics
History of diplopia: type (e.g. intermittent vs constant, monocular vs binocular, vertical vs horizontal), history of previous strabismus surgery, variation of diplopia for near and distance gaze, variation of diplopia for primary position and other gaze positions, variation of diplopia during day (worsening by the end of the day, worsening with fatigue)	Diplopia
History of heavy menstrual bleeding including a menstrual, sexual and gynaecological history, and symptoms of anaemia	Heavy menstrual periods
History of inflammatory back pain in order to distinguish it from the more common non-specific mechanical low back pain	Inflammatory low back pain
History of nasal symptoms	Epistaxis
History of possible autoimmune disease vs fibromyalgia	Painful hands in the cold
History of psoriasis, related conditions and previous management (how treatments were used, efficacy and side effects)	Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains
History of symptoms associated with spondyloarthritis including sexual history	Reactive arthritis
History or a collateral history for a patient with breathing difficulties	Compromised airway
History relating to a groin lump in male and female	Groin lump
How to assess pallor	Infant or child with pallor
How to prescribe antibiotics for eradication of group A streptococcus (duration minimum 10 days, adherence)	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Identification of common features in patients with borderline and anti-social personality disorders including barriers to engagement and the development of therapeutic relationshi	Personality disorder
Identification of population at high risk (sore throat in Māori and Pacific children/adults from age 4 years to 35 years)	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Identify 'red flags' on examination for malignancy (lympadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, bone tenderness)	Infant or child with easy bruising
Identify barriers to the diagnosis of depression, i.e. the role of stigma	Major depressive episode
Identify common types and causes of anaemia in infancy and childhood	Infant or child with pallor
Identify features (red flags) in history and examination that suggest possible non-accidental injury (very young child, unexplained bruises, unusual sites, delay in seeking medical attention)	Infant or child with easy bruising
Identify important associated features of examination of a mass that might represent malignancy and the necessary secondary investigations	Abdominal or inguinal lump
Identify other affected residents	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Identify risk factors present at the start of this pregnancy, and list complications that may arise as a result of these risk factors	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Identify shockable ECG rhythms – ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Identify signs and symptoms of cardiac failure	Infant or child with a murmur
Identify signs of limbal ischaemia	Acute trauma to the eye
Identify the appearance and outline the management of an auricular haematoma	Head trauma
Identify the possible causes for a fall, keeping in mind the multifactorial nature of falls in older people	Hip fracture
Identifying tetanus prone injuries and immunisation, both passive and active, to prevent tetanus.	Needlestick injury
If adolescent: HEADSS assessment and interviewing a child without parent/carer	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Immediate assessment of the sick child (severity of the respiratory distress and signs of impending respiratory failure)	Child with respiratory distress
Immunological complications of lymphoproliferative disorders: hypogammaglobuinaemia, immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Importance of iron deficiency long-term (effects on learning, diminished immune response to infection)	Infant or child with pallor
Importance of early antimicrobial therapy and its influence on microbiological testing	Fever and headache
Importance of information/education, need to consider health literacy needs of patient and family/whānau	Child with respiratory distress
Importance of postnatal care including breastfeeding support, contraception advice, diabetic follow-up or screening (if gestational diabetes)	Diabetes in pregnancy
Important differentiation of signs of upper airway obstruction versus lower airway obstruction in a child	Child with respiratory distress
Important features of examination of a neonate	Fetal health
Indication and timing for trauma series X-rays	Neck injury
Indication for throat swab in high risk patient	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Indication for use of antibiotics for sore throat	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Indications and contraindications for local anaesthetic or steroid injection	Regional limb pain
Indications and contraindications for local and systemic hormone therapy; discussing prescribing options with patients	Menopause
Indications and guidelines for biopsy	Musculoskeletal lump
Indications and interpretation of common investigations for stroke aetiology: electrocardiogram, coagulation screen, carotid doppler USS, CT angiogram, MR angiogram, and venous duplex scans	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Indications and perform femoral nerve block	Hip fracture
Indications and preparations(including consent/second opinion) for ECT; side-effects of ECT	Major depressive episode
Indications for renal and bladder ultrasound	Acute kidney injury
Indications for abdominal CT, abdominal ultrasound, transvaginal ultrasound, diagnostic laparoscopy	Acute abdominal pain
Indications for CT abdomen, MR abdomen, abdominal ultrasound, transvaginal ultrasound, endoscopy, ascitic tap, guided biopsy of mass	Adult with abdominal mass
Indications for abdominal and duplex ultrasound, CT abdomen/pelvis, biopsy	Groin lump
Indications for abdominal ultrasound, CT abdomen, endoscopy, fibroscan, liver biopsy	Chronic liver disease
Indications for admission to hospital for treatment; role of intravenous corticosteroids in management; understanding and management of acute and long-term complications of anti-inflammatory corticosteroid treatment including osteoporosis prophylaxis	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Indications for amputation	Chronic limb pain
Indications for an adrenaline autoinjector (such as EpiPen) and medical alert bracelet	Compromised airway
Indications for and effectiveness of emergency contraceptive pill and postcoital IUD	Contraception
Indications for and interpretation of investigations: including stools, full blood count, electrolytes, full septic screen, blood gas	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Indications for and interpretation of investigations; throat swab, bloods, sputum culture, allergy tests	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Indications for and principles of peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis; access for both types of dialysis (lines, catheters, fistulae)	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Indications for arterial duplex ultrasound, angiogram, MR venogram, MR angiogram	Acutely painful limb
Indications for assessing erythropoietin level , molecular tests (JAK2 and BCR-ABL), and bone marrow biopsy	Polycythaemia
Indications for audiogram, CT head, MRI head, audio-evoked potentials	Hearing loss
Indications for audiogram, CT head, MRI head, nasal endoscopy, nasal biopsy	Epistaxis
Indications for basic biochemical blood test, echocardiogram, Holter monitoring, CT, MRI and electroencephalography (EEG) for investigating 'funny turns'	Epilepsy / seizure
Indications for chest CT, bronchoscopy, and other investigations	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Indications for chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis and advanced ultrasound scanning	Fetal health
Indications for cognitive and learning assessment in a child/adolescent	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Indications for colonoscopy, rigid sigmoidoscopy, CT and MRI	Perianal pathology
Indications for conservative and surgical intervention including position of calculus in renal tract	Flank pain and dysuria
Indications for continuous cardiac monitoring	Accidental overdose
Indications for CT abdomen and pelvis, rigid sigmoidoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy	Rectal bleeding
Indications for CT abdomen, abdominal ultrasound	Bowel obstruction
Indications for CT abdomen/pelvis, CT pulmonary angiogram, ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan	Postoperative complications
Indications for CT and MRI imaging in dementia	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Indications for CT chest and bronchoscopy	Pneumonia
Indications for CT chest, broncoscopy, laryngeal biopsy, upper airway endoscopy	Upper airway disease
Indications for CT head, CT neck, CT chest/abdomen/pelvis	Neck injury
Indications for CT Head, MRI brain, CT angiogram, MR angiogram, electroencephalogram, brainstem testing, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Indications for CT head, MRI brain, lumbar puncture	Agitated and combative patient
Indications for CT scan, CT angiogram, MRI and MR angiogram	Sudden onset severe headache
Indications for CT shoulder, MRI shoulder, arthroscopy	Dislocated joint
Indications for CT, MRI, ultrasound scanning	Burns
Indications for detailed pulmonary function tests, CT pulmonary angiogram, V/Q scan	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Indications for echocardiogram	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Indications for echocardiogram, angiogram, myocardial perfusion scans, cardiac MRI	Heart failure
Indications for echocardiogram, dobutamine stress echocardiogram, angiogram	Valvular heart disease
Indications for echocardiogram, exercise stress testing, myocardial perfusion scanning, CT angiogram, percutaneous coronary angiography	Stable angina
Indications for endoscopy, biopsy, abdominal ultrasound; complications of endoscopy	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Indications for endoscopy, CT angiography, capsule endoscopy, selective angiography and embolisation	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Indications for endoscopy, CT, videofluoroscopy, contrast swallow, oesophageal manometry	Dysphagia
Indications for family screening	Rectal bleeding
Indications for follow-up of abnormal smears and appropriate referral to colposcopy services as per National Screening Unit guidelines	Abnormal cervical smear result
Indications for grommet placement	Glue ear
Indications for haemofiltration/haemodialysis in acute renal failure	Acute kidney injury
Indications for haemolysis screen, bone marrow biopsy, faecal occult blood, and gastrointestinal tract endoscopies	Anaemia
Indications for head and neck CT or MRI	Headache
Indications for high resolution CT, detailed pulmonary function tests, bronchoscopy	Chronic shortness of breath
Indications for Holter monitor, echocardiogram, cardiac MRI, electrophysiology studies	Arrhythmias
Indications for imaging including CT, MRI, Retinal angiography, Xray	Acute trauma to the eye
Indications for intracranial imaging in a 'dizziness' presentation	Dizziness and vertigo
Indications for intubation, central line insertion and intensive care unit (ICU) admission	Neck injury
Indications for joint aspiration	Knee injury
Indications for joint aspiration and joint washout	Knee pain
Indications for laryngeal mask, tracheal intubation, cricothyroidotomy, tracheostomy, rapid sequence induction, awake intubation, central venous cannulation, echocardiogram, pulmonary function tests/spirometry, arterial pressure monitoring, catheterisation for urine output monitoring, BIS (bispectral index monitoring for awareness), ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia	Preoperative assessment and management
Indications for laryngoscopy, flexible bronchoscopy, surgical airway manoeuvres, C1 esterase, antigen-specific IgE	Compromised airway
Indications for limb amputation	Acutely painful limb
Indications for lumbar puncture, visual evoked responses, nerve conduction studies, CT and MRI	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Indications for lymph node biopsy (fine needle aspirate [FNA], core biopsy and excisional biopsy), CT scanning, bone marrow biopsy	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Indications for medical interventions such as noninvasive ventilation, gastrostomy, orthopaedic surgery	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Indications for medications in Parkinson's disease; effects of therapy on disease progression	Tremor and parkinsonism
Indications for microbiology/virology swabs if persisting watery eye or investigation for congenital infection (congenital cataracts)	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Indications for nasogastric and nasojejeunal tubes, enteral stent, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and parenteral feeding	Dysphagia
Indications for neuroradiology and other investigations to elicit the cause of tremor and/or dyskinesia	Tremor and parkinsonism
Indications for pelvic ultrasound, androgen profile, pituitary MRI	Amenorrhoea
Indications for pituitary function tests (including urgent prolactin, cortisol), visual field tests and MRI brain	Panhypopituitarism
Indications for plain X-ray, ultrasound scan and MRI	Regional limb pain
Indications for pleural aspiration and intercostal tube insertion	Pneumonia
Indications for pregnancy test, dexamethasone suppression tests, MR angiography and renal ultrasound	Secondary hypertension
Indications for radio-isotope scan	Hyperthyroidism
Indications for referral for liver transplantation if required	Chronic liver disease
Indications for removal of iatrogenic devices	Postoperative complications
Indications for renal biopsy in lupus nephritis/acute nephritis	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Indications for renal ultrasound, renal biopsy (including contraindications)	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Indications for respiratory rehabilitation	Pneumonia
Indications for splenectomy; long term management post splenectomy including vaccinations, travel and antibiotic advice	Penetrating chest trauma
Indications for surgical management of secondary hypertension	Secondary hypertension
Indications for swabs, smear, endometrial biopsy (Pipelle), diagnostic hysteroscopy and curettage, colposcopy, transvaginal ultrasound	Heavy menstrual periods
Indications for temporal artery biopsy	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Indications for therapeutic hypothermia, thrombolysis for massive pulmonary embolus, pericardiocentesis for cardiac tamponade, needle thoracotomy for tension pneumothorax	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Indications for trauma CT chest/abdomen/pelvis scans, CT head and neck and arterial contrast studies	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Indications for trauma series X-rays, further imaging, Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) scanning	Penetrating chest trauma
Indications for ultrasound	Acute severe testicular pain
Indications for ultrasound abdomen, CT abdomen, endoscopic ultrasound, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), liver biopsy	Patient with jaundice
Indications for ultrasound abdomen, transvaginal ultrasound (recognise the implications of obesity as a risk factor for endometrial hyperplasia/cancer), sleep studies	Obesity
Indications for ultrasound and CT in renal tract imaging	Flank pain and dysuria
Indications for ultrasound scan and Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA), excision biopsy, radioisotope scan, CT scan	Neck lump
Indications for urgent fasciotomy and effects of delay in treatment	Forearm / wrist injury
Indications for venous duplex ultrasound of the lower limb and thrombophilia screen	Deep vein thrombosis
Indications for water deprivation test	Diabetes insipidus
Indications for, and methods of cardioversion	Arrhythmias
Indications for, and potential repercussions of genetic testing	Haemochromatosis
Indications for, and principles of, carotid endarterectomy	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Indications for: continuous fetal monitoring, induction and augmentation of labour, fetal blood testing, emergency delivery	Labour
Indications for: echocardiogram, angiography, CT angiogram, exercise tolerance test, dobutamine stress echocardiogram, myocardial perfusion studies	Acute chest pain
Indications for: high resolution CT, detailed pulmonary function tests, bronchoscopy, sweat chloride test, serum immunoglobulin quantitation, genotyping	Chronic sputum production
Indications venous duplex ultrasound, angiogram, MR angiogram, MR venogram	Chronic limb pain
Infectious complications of lymphoproliferative disorders and immunosuppression, including herpes zoster and infection with atypical organisms; management of herpes zoster	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Information management (e.g. you might want to check your own practice records to determine whether being overweight or obese are major issues among your patients, and how this compares with what is observed nationwide)	Childhood obesity
Information-gathering in a situation where a patient is vague about the history	Falls and collapses
Informing a patient of the benefits and risks of genetic testing; discussion of genetic discrimination (health insurers and employers)	Genetic testing information
Inhospital management of stroke and TIA; use of antiplatelet drugs for secondary prophylaxis; inhospital care from stroke unit	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Initial steps of managing an unconscious patient	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Initiate appropriate antibiotic therapy	Unwell neonate
Injuries associated with burns	Burns
Inquiring about preferred name and pronoun during consultations	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Insert a peripheral venous catheter	Preoperative assessment and management
Institute emergency management if there are features of anaphylaxis or airway compromise; a medium term therapy with avoidance of precipitants (where needed) and antihistamines	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Interpret iron studies	Haemochromatosis
Interpret chest X-ray, full blood count, sputum culture, sputum cytology, arterial blood gas, urinary antigens, sputum culture, polymerase chain reaction and rapid antigen tests	Pneumonia
Interpret chest X-ray, ECG, abdominal X-ray, full blood count, electrolytes, renal function tests, liver function tests, coagulation screen, C-reactive protein, troponin	Postoperative complications
Interpret cervical smear, swabs, tumour markers, reports from transvaginal ultrasound, endometrial biopsy/curettings	Postmenopausal bleeding
Interpret chest X-ray	Chronic shortness of breath
Interpret chest X-ray, arterial blood gas, coagulation screen, CSF analysis, blood glucose level	Head trauma
Interpret chest X-ray, full blood count, sputum culture, sputum cytology	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Interpret chest X-ray	Infant or child with a murmur
Interpret hand X-ray, full blood count	Superficial injuries
Interpret lumbar spine X-rays and understand indications for MRI and CT spine scans	Non-specific back pain
Interpret shoulder X-ray	Dislocated joint
Interpret abdominal X-ray, full blood count, electrolytes, creatinine, liver function tests, erect chest X-ray, ascitic fluid pathology report	Adult with abdominal mass
Interpret abdominal X-ray, full blood count, electrolytes, creatinine, liver function tests, coagulation screen, erect chest X-ray	Bowel obstruction
Interpret synovial fluid analysis	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Interpret full blood count, inflammatory markers, iron studies, Coombs test	Infant or child with pallor
Interpret skin scrapings, skin swabs and blood cultures	Skin and soft tissue infection
Interpret ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI)	Chronic limb pain
Interpret arterial Doppler, ankle:brachial pressure index, ECG	Acutely painful limb
Interpret audiometry and tympanometry at a basic level	Glue ear
Interpret biochemistry results of an ascitic tap	Alcohol
Interpret blood cultures, liver function tests, erect chest X-ray, abdominal X-ray, ECG, serum amylase, lipase	Acute abdominal pain
Interpret blood cultures, midstream urine, ECG, echocardiogram	Fever and a new murmur
Interpret blood glucose levels, ketones, urine dipstick, HbA1c; know how to use and interrogate blood glucose meter	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Interpret blood test of renal function, urinalysis and culture, urinary protein/albumin creatinine ratio	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Interpret coeliac disease serology, iron studies, vitamin B12/folate, faecal elastase	Chronic bowel motility problems
Interpret common electrolyte abnormalities associated with intracerebral lesions	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Interpret CRP, antibiotic levels, full blood count	Hearing loss
Interpret D-dimer result	Deep vein thrombosis
Interpret ECG, blood glucose level, postural blood pressure	Falls and collapses
Interpret electrolytes, BNP, chest X-ray	Heart failure
Interpret FBC with differential, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) , C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile, and other relevant blood test results, carotid artery evaluation (Doppler ultrasound) and cardiac investigations	Sudden painless loss of vision
Interpret FBC, vitamin B12/ (B12 NZF link)levels, folate levels , autoantibodies, Schillings test, urea breath testing, liver function tests	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Interpret FBC, electrolytes, creatinine, liver function tests, vitamin B12/folate	Dysphagia
Interpret FBC, electrolytes, creatinine, liver function tests, iron studies and coagulation studies	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Interpret full blood count and blood film report in a patient with a myeloproliferative neoplasm: polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis and chronic myeloid leukaemia	Polycythaemia
Interpret full blood count in a patient with CLL	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Interpret full blood count, arterial blood gas, chest X-ray, abdominal X-ray, limb plain film X-ray and pelvic X-ray	Penetrating chest trauma
Interpret full blood count, blood cultures, conjunctival swabs, CT orbits/sinuses	Child with red swelling around one eye
Interpret full blood count, blood glucose level, arterial blood gas, pathology report on CSF, ECG, chest X-ray	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Interpret full blood count, blood group, endocervical/vaginal swabs, ultrasound scan, midstream urine, cervical smear, serum beta-HCG	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Interpret full blood count, coagulation screen, pathology report on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)	Sudden onset severe headache
Interpret full blood count, coagulation screen, urea, electrolytes, C-reactive protein, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)	Epistaxis
Interpret full blood count, electrolytes, creatinine, liver function tests, coagulation screen	Rectal bleeding
Interpret full blood count, electrolytes, liver function tests, blood glucose level, calcium, thyroid function tests, vitamin B12/ B12 (NZF link) folate, toxicology screen, pathology report on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), chest X-ray, syphilis serology, short synthacen test	Agitated and combative patient
Interpret full blood count, electrolytes, renal function, skin swabs, blood cultures, chest X-ray, liver function tests, coagulation screen	Burns
Interpret full blood count, ferritin	Heavy menstrual periods
Interpret full blood count, renal function tests, prostate specific antigen (PSA), midstream urine, ultrasound, pathology report of transrectal/prostatic biopsy	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Interpret full blood count, renal function, liver function tests, coagulation screen, ECG, chest X-ray, pulmonary function tests/spirometry, HbA1c, blood group and antibody screen	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Interpret full blood count, reticulocyte count, iron studies, vitamin B12/folate levels, and result from haemoglobinopathy screen	Anaemia
Interpret full blood count, serum tryptase, serum lactate, arterial blood gas, blood cultures, sputum cultures, C1 esterase levels , antigen-specific IgE	Compromised airway
Interpret hepatitis B and C and HIV serology, full blood count, liver function tests	Needlestick injury
Interpret inflammatory markers, ECG, joint aspirate	Child with sore joints
Interpret investigations for causes of obesity (overnight dexamethasone suppression test, 24 hour urinary cortisol, thyroid function tests); interpret investigations for complications of obesity (liver function tests, HbA1c, urine albumin:creatinine ratio, lipid profile, serum testosterone)	Obesity
Interpret investigations for secondary hypertension: 24 hour urine collection for cortisol, serum renin:aldosterone ratio, serum metanephrines	Secondary hypertension
Interpret lateral neck X-ray for soft tissue swelling	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Interpret liver function tests, albumin, coagulation screen, hepatitis serology	Patient with jaundice
Interpret liver function tests, albumin, coagulation screen, hepatitis serology, ascitic fluid pathology report	Chronic liver disease
Interpret lumbar puncture, visual evoked responses, nerve conduction studies, CT and MRI results	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Interpret lung function tests of restrictive lung disease (lung volumes, flows, diffusing capacity, arterial blood gas)	Worsening shortness of breath
Interpret midstream urine	Acute severe testicular pain
Interpret midstream urine and urinary diary	Urinary incontinence in women
Interpret midstream urine, urine cytology, pathology report of biopsy (taken at cystoscopy)	Gross haematuria
Interpret midstream urine, vaginal swabs, urethral swabs, urine dipstick, chlamydia swabs and urine antigen testing, viral swabs and pregnancy test	Dysuria
Interpret pharmacological tests for pupil abnormalities	Pupil abnormality
Interpret plasma and urinary sodium and osmolality	Hyponatraemia
Interpret pulmonary function tests, chest X-ray, C-reactive protein (CRP), full blood count, coagulation screen, C1 esterase levels	Upper airway disease
Interpret relevant imaging studies (X-ray, CT, MRI)	Pupil abnormality
Interpret relevant investigations for both partners	Infertility
Interpret relevant investigations including an arterial or venous blood gas; blood acid-base balance, blood glucose	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Interpret relevant investigations including full blood count, coagulation screen, electrolytes, creatinine, liver function tests, CRP	Perianal pathology
Interpret relevant investigations: anticonvulsant levels, imaging (in context of deformity and osteopenia)	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Interpret relevant investigations: cardiotocograph (CTG), fetal scalp samples including lactate, cord blood gases	Labour
Interpret relevant investigations: electrolytes, blood glucose, hormonal screening, thiamine and B12 levels, toxicology screen, imaging	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Interpret relevant investigations: electrolytes, hormonal screening, toxicology screen	Bipolar affective disorder
Interpret relevant investigations: electrolytes, hormonal screening, toxicology screen, ECG, imaging	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Interpret relevant investigations: electrolytes, hormonal screening, toxicology screen, imaging	Anxiety disorder, Eating disorders, Acute psychosis, Personality disorder, Delirium / dementia
Interpret relevant investigations: electrolytes, hormonal screening, toxicology screen,imaging	Major depressive episode
Interpret relevant investigations: electrolytes, hormonal screening, urine and other toxicology screens, carboxy-haemoglobin level, ECG, imaging	Self-harm
Interpret relevant investigations: full blood count, blood group, electrolytes, renal and liver function tests, coagulation studies, glucose, urine culture, urine protein:creatinine ratio, ultrasound scan, cardiotocography (CTG), fetal fibronectin, Kleihauer test	Late pregnancy complications
Interpret relevant investigations: full blood count, blood group, Kleihauer test, blood group and hold or crossmatch as indicated, coagulation screen, cardiotocography (CTG), ultrasound	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Interpret results of antenatal screening tests	Fetal health
Interpret results of sputum culture (past and present), chest X-ray	Chronic sputum production
Interpret routine and relevant additional antenatal investigations, such as ultrasound and early diabetes testing	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Interpret routine blood investigations including full blood count, renal function and liver function tests	Alcohol
Interpret routine blood investigations such as full blood count, renal function and liver function tests	Infectious disease outbreak
Interpret serum and urine osmolality, urine dipstick	Diabetes insipidus
Interpret serum antibody tests for EBV and CMV infection (IgG vs IgM)	Fever and adenopathy
Interpret serum electrolytes and renal function tests, blood cultures, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemistry, CSF microscopy/culture/PCR	Fever and headache
Interpret the paracetamol treatment nomogram	Self-harm
Interpret thyroid function tests and auto-antibody tests	Hyperthyroidism
Interpret thyroid function tests and understand the limitations of the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid cancer	Neck lump
Interpret troponin, cardiac enzymes, C-reactive protein	Acute chest pain
Interpret tumour markers (CEA, CA-125, CA19-9)	Adult with abdominal mass
Interpret urine dipstick, HbA1c, urine albumin:creatinine ratio and ECG	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Interpret urine dipstick, renal function blood tests and acid-base status, urine and plasma osmolality and sodium	Acute kidney injury
Interpret urine toxicology, drug levels,blood glucose level, full blood count, arterial blood gas, coagulation screen, digoxin level, ECG, chest X-ray	Accidental overdose
Interpretation and communication of clinical audit data	Clinical audit
Interpretation of pelvis X-ray	Hip fracture
Interpretation of plain X-rays of the shoulder and clavicle	Regional limb pain
Interpretation of X-rays of the knee	Knee injury
Interpretation of X-rays of the wrist and forearm and identify common fracture patterns	Forearm / wrist injury
Interpretation of plain films of the C-spine	Neck injury
Interpretation of basic laboratory tests to diagnose causes of neonatal jaundice and prolonged neonatal jaundice (classification of unconjugated and conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia with 'differential' bilirubin as a starting point before further investigation)	Infant with jaundice
Interpretation of blood cultures, cerebrospinal fluid and urine microbiology/dipstick	Febrile infant
Interpretation of blood film; recognise findings suggestive of leukaemia	Pancytopenia
Interpretation of blood test results (inflammatory markers, thyroid function)	Osteomyelitis
Interpretation of calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) level	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Interpretation of caloric testing	Dizziness and vertigo
Interpretation of full blood count and coagulation profile	Infant or child with easy bruising
Interpretation of laboratory data (urine, blood parameters for chronic disease)	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Interpretation of laboratory data (urine, blood parameters)	Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Interpretation of lateral neck X-ray and other Xray for inhaled foreign body	Food allergy in paediatrics
Interpretation of lung function tests with regard to incipient interstitial lung disease	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Interpretation of plain X-rays in infants and children	Fracture
Interpretation of plain x-rays of the hands and fingers	Hand injury
Interpretation of positive group A streptococcus swab in high risk and symptomatic individual	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Interpretation of relevant laboratory data (blood glucose, urine microscopy, blood parameters for chronic disease, thyroid function)	Child with disorder of elimination
Interpretation of usual midstream urine results in important renal diseases: urinary tract infection, renal calculi, glomerulonephritis, renal trauma	Flank pain and dysuria
Interviewing adolescents by themselves and communicating with adolescent and caregivers together	Acute severe testicular pain
Investigate appropriately with referral for patch testing. Consider other differential diagnoses	Adult eczema
Investigate bleeding in a postnatal woman: full blood count, swabs, ultrasound	Postpartum care
Investigate fatigue in a postnatal woman: full blood count, thyroid function tests	Postpartum care
Investigation (including overnight oximetry) and management of patient with sleep disordered breathing	Daytime sleepiness
Investigation (including staging) of lung cancer	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Investigation and management of aspiration pneumonia and lung abcess	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Investigation and management of tuberculosis	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Investigation and treatment of a baby with neonatal hypoglycaemia	Diabetes in pregnancy
Investigation of STI and urinary tract infection	Dysuria
Investigations available to confirm the diagnosis of a chromosomal abnormality in the postnatal period	Fetal health
Investigations required for acute gastrointestinal illness and their interpretation	Diarrhoea
Know how phototherapy works and when to use it	Infant with jaundice
Know how to examine the ear and tympanic membrane	Congenital hearing loss
Know how to refer child to specialist services if the child appears to have problems that need further investigation	Before school check
Know the indications for performing audiologic testing and what tests are appropriate/possible at different ages (audiograms, otoacoustic emissions, automated brainstem responses)	Congenital hearing loss
Know what an adrenaline autoinjector (“Epipen”) is and how to administer	Food allergy in paediatrics
Knowing the clinically relevant education and referral pathways including to secondary and tertiary services for child with gender dysphoria to a paediatrician or paediatric endocrinologist experienced in the care of trans and gender diverse adolescents for medical assessment (ideally prior to the onset of puberty).	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Knowledge about the steps required to collect blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid samples in a sterile fashion; securing intravenous access in neonate; umbilical vessel anatomy and access	Unwell neonate
Knowledge and causes of iatrogenic menopause and premature ovarian failure	Menopause
Knowledge of common causes of developmental delay	Before school check
Knowledge of common pervasive developmental disorders such as autism and how these are assessed such as presenting features of autistic spectrum disorder in young children	Before school check
Knowledge of indications and procedures for joint aspiration	Child with sore joints
Knowledge of normal ages of acquisition of bowel and bladder control	Child with disorder of elimination
Knowledge of specific urogynaecological investigations such as cystometry, urodynamics, post void residual	Urinary incontinence in women
Knowledge of the more common causes of skin/bone/joint lumps	Musculoskeletal lump
Knowledge of treatment options for causes of stridor	Neonatal stridor
Knowledge of treatments of congenital infection (toxoplasmosis, CMV, HIV)	Unwell neonate
Knowledge of types of sexual dysfunction	Infertility
Knowledge of where to place peripheral and central lines in a child	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Late presentations of cervical cancer including symptom control and palliative care	Abnormal cervical smear result
Liaise closely with nursing staff and family/whānau members; describe expected response to treatment and follow-up arrangements	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Liaise with colleagues in other disciplines so that multi-disciplinary input can be implemented which is consistent for both clinicians (e.g. Emergency Department, Medical, Psychiatry) and patients	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Liaison with school teachers/education system	Disruptive behaviour disorder
List causes of chronic kidney disease	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
List and explain barriers to identification of intimate partner violence	Intimate Partner Violence
List resources available to health professionals to support them to include intimate partner violence intervention into practice, e.g. local DHB policy, MoH Guideline, DHB Violence Intervention Programme core training	Intimate Partner Violence
List some validation statements that could be made to adults who disclose intimate partner violence	Intimate Partner Violence
List the causes of overt and hidden bleeding late in pregnancy	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
List the common causes and know the distinguishing features of infant abdominal and scrotal masses	Abdominal or inguinal lump
List the common causes of jaundice in the newborn, infancy and older childhood	Infant with jaundice
List the common features of a patient presenting with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
List the different types and locations of hernias	Groin lump
List the local and systemic causes of urinary incontinence	Urinary incontinence in women
List the possible abnormal endometrial biopsy results and know their risk and timeframe of progression to malignancy	Heavy menstrual periods
Long-term visual prognosis and rehabilitation following congenital cataract surgery; resources for children with visual impairment	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Longer term surgical rehabilitation - lids, conjunctiva, cornea; management of cosmetic problems from scarring	Acute trauma to the eye
Longterm management of epilepsy; indication for initiating medical therapy; role of therapeutic drug monitoring; titration of anticonvulsant drugs	Epilepsy / seizure
Maintain an ongoing relationship with the patient, whatever the outcome	Rectal bleeding
Major and minor criteria for diagnosis of rheumatic fever (Jones criteria)	Child with sore joints
Major characteristics of Down syndrome	Fetal health
Make a rapid assessment as to presence or absence of airway compromise	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Manage poisoning (e.g. paracetamol) overdose including first aid, blood and urine toxicology assessment, interpretation of levels, identify relevant end organs that may be affected, use of antidotes (use of paracetamol nomogram and N-acetylcysteine)	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Manage clot retention	Gross haematuria
Manage psychological disease in the puerperium	Postpartum care
Management and complications of an undescended testis	Groin lump
Management and complications of reduced level of consciousness	Unexplained loss of consciousness, Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Management in the perioperative period of thromboembolic disease, anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents, fluid and electrolyte balance, glucose control, antibiotics, decolonisation of resistant organisms	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Management of otitis media, otitis externa (including necrotising/malignant otitis externa), tympanic membrane rupture, presbycusis, cerumen accumulation, foreign body in external auditory canal	Hearing loss
Management of hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Management of diabetic ketoacidosis; prescribe intravenous insulin regimen and intravenous fluid and electrolyte (potassium) replacement	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, including starting oral agents and changing to insulin	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Management of acute respiratory illness due to infection	Child with respiratory distress
Management of menorrhagia: medical (hormonal and non-hormonal) and surgical options	Heavy menstrual periods
Management of fluid status, preoperative assessment of child	Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Management of fluid resuscitation	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Management of rheumatic fever: acute management (bedrest/mobilisation/discharge), long-term antibiotic prophylaxis, family education	Child with sore joints
Management of constipation: dietary, fluids, medications, behavioural (toileting programme, star chart, diary)	Child with disorder of elimination
Management of depression in older people: pharmacological and psychosocial approaches, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)	Major depressive episode
Management of anxiety disorders including pharmacological, psychological and other non-biological methods	Anxiety disorder
Management of dementia; role of memory clinics	Delirium / dementia
Management of dementia and delirium	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Management of medically unexplained physical symptoms: pharmacological, psychological, psycho-educational and psychosocial	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Management of alcohol withdrawal, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis	Alcohol
Management of schizophrenia: pharmacological, psychological, psycho-educational and psychosocial	Acute psychosis
Management of anterior, posterior and inferior dislocation of the shoulder	Dislocated joint
Management of osteoarthritis	Knee pain
Management of head trauma; surgery, neuroprotective regimens, conservative	Head trauma
Management of urinary tract infection, gonorrhea, chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, syphilis	Dysuria
Management of benign prostatic hyperplasia	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Management of haemophilia, von Willebrand disease, ITP	Infant or child with easy bruising
Management of myeloproliferative neoplasms	Polycythaemia
Management of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolus and haemorrhage while anticoagulated	Deep vein thrombosis
Management of pulmonary embolus (acute and longer term) and pneumothorax	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Management of hyponatraemia	Hyponatraemia
Management of high risk pregnancy based on the risk assessment and knowledge of complications that may arise as a result of the risks identified, both maternal and fetal: pharmacological (e.g. low dose aspirin, calcium, methyldopa) and non-pharmacological (lifestyle, diet and exercise,optimal gestational weight gain)	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Management of atrial fibrillation: rate vs rhythm control, use of anticoagulation; preparation required for elective cardioversion	Arrhythmias
Management of cardiovascular risk factors post-acute coronary syndrome: pharmacological (including side-effects) and non-pharmacological	Acute chest pain
Management of colorectal cancer: surgical, oncological and palliative approaches	Bowel obstruction
Management of visual field defects	Panhypopituitarism
Management of status epilepticus and/or fitting child	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Management of H. pylori infection, peptic ulcer disease, dyspepsia, chronic abdominal pain, coeliac disease, pernicious anaemia	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Management of a cerebrovascular accident including the use of thrombolysis, warfarin/dabigatran toxicity	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Management of a multi-trauma patient	Neck injury
Management of a needlestick injury, including surveillance	Needlestick injury
Management of acute asthma including respiratory arrest	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Management of acute testicular torsion and most common causes of epididymo-orchitis	Acute severe testicular pain
Management of acute and chronic heart failure: medical,non-medical, electrophysiological/surgical intervention, palliative	Heart failure
Management of acute angle closure glaucoma (mid-dilated pupil)	Pupil abnormality
Management of acute coronary syndrome (STEMI, NSTEMI and unstable angina)	Acute chest pain
Management of acute exacerbation of chronic airways disease including evidence and indications for non-invasive ventilation	Chronic shortness of breath
Management of acute haemorrhage: classify its severity, noting that increase in pulse rate is an early and hypotension a late sign, especially in young patients	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Management of acute hepatitis	Needlestick injury
Management of acute intoxication or overdose (general and specific treatments); management of withdrawal, including delirium tremens	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Management of acutely ischaemic limb, peripheral vascular disease, compartment syndrome and deep vein thrombosis	Acutely painful limb
Management of Addisonian crisis	Adrenal crisis
Management of ADHD	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Management of adrenal insufficiency	Adrenal crisis
Management of amblyopia (patching or atropine); consider effect on school performance of visual disability/hospital attendance	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Management of an ovarian cyst accident and pelvic inflammatory disease	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Management of anaphylaxis, epiglottitis, angioedema and foreign body obstructing an airway	Compromised airway
Management of anaphylaxis, tonsillitis	Upper airway disease
Management of anaphylaxis, use of adrenaline	Food allergy in paediatrics
Management of anaphylaxis/laryngeal odema	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Management of babies born preterm: ventilation, surfactant, thermoregulation, nutrition, common problems	Late pregnancy complications
Management of bowel obstruction: conservative, endoscopic and surgical, including assessment and management of perioperative anaesthetic risks	Bowel obstruction
Management of common headache presentations and migraines	Headache
Management of cellulitis, boils and tinea	Skin and soft tissue infection
Management of central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus	Diabetes insipidus
Management of chronic asthma; pharmacological, non-pharmacological; patient education	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Management of chronic airflow obstruction; pharmacological and non-pharmacological	Chronic shortness of breath
Management of coeliac disease, irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease (including the use of biological therapy)	Chronic bowel motility problems
Management of common early and late stroke complications	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Management of common side effects of each contraceptive	Contraception
Management of complications such as epilepsy, muscle spasms, orthopaedic, nutritional status, respiratory and dental	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Management of complications: especially electrolyte disturbance	Eating disorders
Management of compromised airway; indications (and contraindications) for intubation	Upper airway disease
Management of cranial nerve III palsy with pupil involvement	Pupil abnormality
Management of deliberate self harm/suicidal behaviour in children and adolescents	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Management of dependence: pharmacological, psychological, and other non-biological methods	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Management of diabetes in pregnancy and targets for glycaemic control (diet, exercise, optimal gestational weight gain, medications, insulin regimens)	Diabetes in pregnancy
Management of diabetic retinopathy; actions required to decrease the risk of blindness	Annual eye screen for patient with diabetes
Management of diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic ulcers and nephropathy. Outline when a referral to a specialist is required	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Management of diplopia - treatment options for diplopia in acute phase, role for strabismus surgery, role for prismatic correction of diplopia, management of underlying medical conditions	Diplopia
Management of diseases that commonly cause vertigo	Dizziness and vertigo
Management of disorientation in a medical or surgical patient: general and specific, pharmacological and non-pharmacological	Delirium / dementia
Management of eating disorder: pharmacological and non-pharmacological	Eating disorders
Management of endometrial hyperplasia (medical and surgical)	Heavy menstrual periods
Management of epilepsy during pregnancy and peripartum period	Epilepsy / seizure
Management of essential hypertension	Secondary hypertension
Management of fall and of abuse/neglect including documentation of injuries for medico-legal reasons	Falls and collapses
Management of febrile child, periorbital and orbital cellulitis, orbital abscess, septicaemia	Child with red swelling around one eye
Management of fetal abnormalities for mother and baby; during pregnancy, labour and delivery, neonatal period and long-term	Fetal health
Management of fistulae, fissures, perianal abscess, anal prolapse, haemorrhoids, faecal incontinence, ano-genital warts	Perianal pathology
Management of gastroenteritis	Infectious disease outbreak
Management of groin mass	Groin lump
Management of haemochromatosis	Haemochromatosis
Management of haemorrhoids, anal fissure, diverticulitis	Rectal bleeding
Management of hearing loss	Congenital hearing loss
Management of Horner's syndrome	Pupil abnormality
Management of human bite wounds	Hand injury
Management of hypercalcaemia; outline the management of myeloma	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Management of hypertensive crisis	Sudden onset severe headache
Management of hyperthyroidism: medical, radio-active iodine and surgery	Hyperthyroidism
Management of hypoglycaemia, status epilepticus, raised intracranial pressure	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Management of hyponatraemia in an older patient	Delirium / dementia
Management of hypothyroidism	Hypothyroidism
Management of hypovolaemic shock including anticoagulation reversal	Epistaxis
Management of infectious mononucleosis	Fever and adenopathy
Management of infective conjunctivitis: risks of transmission, role of antibiotics	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Management of inflammatory bowel disease and its complications	Perianal pathology
Management of insomnia: pharmacological and psychosocial methods, notably sleep hygiene	Major depressive episode
Management of intermittent claudication: non-medical, medical, surgical and interventional	Chronic limb pain
Management of intoxication in the Emergency Department; de-escalation skills and restraint	Self-harm
Management of intra-abdominal malignancies: surgical, oncological and palliative approaches	Adult with abdominal mass
Management of juvenile arthritis: principles of immobilisation, splinting, passive and active movement; roles of physiotherapist, ophthalmologist	Child with sore joints
Management of long-term catheters in the community	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Management of malaria and other infections commonly encountered by travellers	Febrile returning traveller
Management of mania and bipolar affective disorder: pharmacological, psychological, and other non-biological methods	Bipolar affective disorder
Management of microcytic and macrocytic anaemias; indications for transfusion of blood products	Anaemia
Management of migraine (including preventive strategies) and benign headache (pharmacological and non-pharmacological); consider contraceptive needs of reproductive age woman with migraine and aura	Sudden onset severe headache
Management of musculoskeletal injury in outpatient setting and indications for orthopaedic referral	Fracture
Management of needlestick injury	Febrile returning traveller
Management of non-specific back pain; role of the pain service and surgery	Non-specific back pain
Management of non-valvular structural heart disease	Valvular heart disease
Management of normal labour and delivery	Labour
Management of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, PCOS including life-style factors and role of the dietitian	Obesity
Management of obstructive and non-obstructive jaundice, acute liver failure, gallstone disease	Patient with jaundice
Management of ocular surface discomfort, ocular surface dryness and poor visual acuity	Acute trauma to the eye
Management of open fractures	Hand injury
Management of oppositional behaviour	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Management of pain and management of common medical, surgical and gynaecological causes of abdominal pain	Acute abdominal pain
Management of pain in a young child	Fracture
Management of pain with no obvious organic cause and the rationale for, and mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs in fibromyalgia	Painful hands in the cold
Management of pain: pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Management of panhypopituitarism and the order in which hormone replacement should be started	Panhypopituitarism
Management of patient on warfarin with international normalised ratio (INR) greater than therapeutic range	Deep vein thrombosis
Management of personality disorder: pharmacological, psychological, and other non-biological methods	Personality disorder
Management of pre-existing and gestational hypertension in pregnancy	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Management of pulseless ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation	Arrhythmias
Management of reversible causes of cardiac arrest; treatment of hyperkalaemia	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Management of reversible liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	Chronic liver disease
Management of secondary insomnia including behavioural (sleep-hygiene) and pharmacological interventions	Anxiety disorder
Management of septic shock, complications following abdominal surgery	Postoperative complications
Management of severe hypotension	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Management of severe hypotension, pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade	Penetrating chest trauma
Management of stable angina	Stable angina
Management of stroke and systemic sclerosis	Dysphagia
Management of superficial injury including animal/human bites, obtaining consent	Superficial injuries
Management of the challenging patient: pharmacological and non-pharmacological	Agitated and combative patient
Management of the patient on long-term adrenal replacement therapy	Panhypopituitarism
Management of the patient with recurrent boils	Skin and soft tissue infection
Management of third stage	Labour
Management of thyroid eye disease	Hyperthyroidism
Management of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding: acute and chronic	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Management of upper respiratory tract infections and atopy	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Management of urinary incontinence: conservative, bladder retraining, medical, use of adjuncts (pessary, hormone therapy, continence aids), surgery	Urinary incontinence in women
Management of urinary tract infections in infants including investigation with further imaging	Febrile infant
Management of valvular heart disease and indications for surgery	Valvular heart disease
Management of varicose veins and ulcers	Chronic limb pain
Management of congenital tear duct obstruction: indications for surgical intervention, advice to family/whanau on supportive treatment if persistent watery eye	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Management options for high grade cervical abnormalities; complications of treatment	Abnormal cervical smear result
Management principles of complications of SARS-CoV2 including non-invasive ventilation	Chronic shortness of breath
Management strategies for type 1 diabetes mellitus, including indications and training for use of an insulin pump	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Management, in the postoperative setting, of fluid resuscitation, early sepsis, thromboembolic disease, acute coronary syndrome, ischaemic heart disease, wound infection, ileus, cardiac arrhythmias, acute alcohol withdrawal, urinary retention, delirium, electrolyte abnormalities, reduced Glasgow Coma Score (GCS and respiratory distress	Postoperative complications
Managing chronic disease - patient education, support, pharmaceutical management, involving the multidisciplinary team including palliative care	Chronic sputum production
Managing co-existing disorders such as mental illness that may occur independently of drug and alcohol abuse	Personality disorder
Managment and complications of meningitis	Febrile infant
Maternal and fetal consequences of diabetes for: current pregnancy, labour and delivery, neonatal period, child long-term, mother long-term, future pregnancies	Diabetes in pregnancy
Maternal and fetal prognosis after pre-eclampsia	Late pregnancy complications
Measure visual acuity for distance and near, and record accurately	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Measure and document distance and near vision, plus visual fields to confrontation	Annual eye screen for patient with diabetes
Measure and record visual acuity	Acute trauma to the eye
Measure height and weight to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI)	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Measure height, weight and head circumference, calculate height velocity, body mass index (BMI), midparental height, mean predicted final adult height	Child with abnormal puberty
Measure height, weight and head circumference, calculation of body mass index (BMI) and height velocity	Osteomyelitis
Measure visual acuity and record accurately	Acute or chronic red eye
Measurement and calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), estimated GFR; classification system of severity used in chronic kidney disease	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Measurement and interpretation of blood glucose, electrolytes and blood gas	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Medical and non-medical approaches to smoking cessation	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Medical and non-medical approaches to obesity, including role of bariatric surgery	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Medical and surgical management of a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Medication errors; management of polypharmacy	Accidental overdose
Methods for preventing further dislocation	Dislocated joint
Microbiological tests for laboratory evaluation of spondyloarthritis including stool cultures, urine samples and urethral swabs	Reactive arthritis
Monitoring patients with Barrett's oesophagus for development of cancer	Dysphagia
Morphological classification and differential diagnosis of anaemia	Anaemia
Motivational interviewing techniques	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Multidisciplinary approach in a patient with inflammatory arthritis	Swollen and tender joints
Multidisciplinary approach to ulcers	Chronic limb pain
Multidisciplinary care; role of other health professionals in investigation and management of lung cancer and tuberculosis	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: severity and indications for hospital admission, consider other diagnoses	Pregnancy diagnosis
Need for and interpretation of radiology (plain abdominal films, indications for ultrasound, cystourethrogram)	Child with disorder of elimination
Neonatal care of term baby	Labour
Neurological examination of a patient with reduced level of consciousness; calculate Glasgow Coma Score	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Non pharmacologic management of the crying baby/colic	Irritable infant
Non-gastrointestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease	Chronic bowel motility problems
Non-pharmacological elements to treatment and prevention of delirium	Hyponatraemia
Non-pharmacological treatments for vertigo	Dizziness and vertigo
Normal child growth and development including milestones	Child with abnormal gait
Normal newborn behaviour; recognition of overdiagnosis of gastrooesophageal reflux and allergic disease that is 'medicalising normal infant crying'	6 week check
Obtain history from patient with excess daytime sleepiness including a history from their partner	Daytime sleepiness
Observe the administering of parental questionnaires to identify developmental and behavioural problems	Before school check
Obtain antenatal history (maternal infective diseases)	Unwell neonate
Obtain a patients medication list from different sources (e.g. pharmacy, GP) and review prescribed medicines	Accidental overdose
Obtain a relevant history from the parents	Infant or child with a murmur
Obtain a thorough feeding history for a child including when foods introduced (cereals, cows' milk)	Failure to thrive
Obtain adequate history regarding duration and severity of airway symptoms (including effect on feeding, exacerbating factors, apnoeas, cyanotic episodes, reflux/vomiting, voice quality, vaccination status)	Neonatal stridor
Obtain an adequate history for potential risk factors/causes of hearing loss (including family history of hearing loss)	Congenital hearing loss
Obtain an anaesthetic history from a patient awaiting an operation	Preoperative assessment and management
Obtain an appropriate history; consider duration, history of prematurity, birth weight, ocular injury, evidence of maternal infection, other systemic conditions, family history of eye problem/operations	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Obtain history of Clostridioides difficile risk factors (recent antibiotic use, age (greater than 65 years), recent stay in hospital or nursing home residence, immunocompromise)	Diarrhoea
Obtain history relevant to prior watery eye establishing onset and if improvement (relevant to congenital tear duct obstruction (common), infective conjunctivitis and congenital glaucoma (rare))	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Obtain, document and interpret assessment of child with hearing loss including developmental assessment	Congenital hearing loss
Obtaining consent when the patient is unconscious	Penetrating chest trauma
Opportunity to offer cervical smear if due	Postpartum care
Optimising maternal health pre-pregnancy	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Options for pain relief in labour and indications for epidural	Labour
Oral ulceration: recognition and management of aphthous ulcers, traumatic ulcers, ulcers caused by infection, and mucositis secondary to chemotherapy	Pancytopenia
Organic causes of delirium including medications	Acute psychosis, Delirium / dementia
Organs involved in the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes	Neck lump
Other features of metabolic syndrome	Daytime sleepiness
Other neonatal investigations required to identify co-morbidities (e.g. Down syndrome: assess for cardiac, blood, thyroid, hearing abnormalities)	Fetal health
Other ophthalmological presentations of giant cell arteritis	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Other symptoms associated with giant cell arteritis	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Outcome of babies born preterm	Late pregnancy complications
Outline appropriate investigations including the importance of skin biopsy and immunofluorescence for accurate diagnosis	Blisters
Outline interpretation of basic genetic laboratory studies	Family with a genetic disorder
Outline management for laryngeal and other upper airway malignancy, inhalation injury	Upper airway disease
Outline management issues for a couple with a family history of a haemoglobinopathy or thalassaemia, who are planning a pregnancy	Anaemia
Outline management of otitis media with effusion	Glue ear
Outline management of renal cell carcinoma and bladder cancer: surgery (including ileal conduit formation), oncology, palliative care	Gross haematuria
Outline management of acoustic neuroma, Meniere’s disease, cholesteatoma	Hearing loss
Outline management of cervical cancer, including indications for surgery	Abnormal cervical smear result
Outline management of colorectal adenocarcinoma, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis	Rectal bleeding
Outline management of malignant hypertension	Secondary hypertension
Outline management of perioperative checklist (eg. marking surgical site, consent form), high-risk surgical patient	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Outline non-pharmacological treatment for headaches	Headache
Outline staging systems for lymphoproliferative disorders	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Outline the dietary control advice in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Outline the management of subarachnoid haemorrhage: conservative, medical, interventional radiology, neurosurgery	Sudden onset severe headache
Outline the management of septic arthritis including discussion with operating team	Knee pain
Outline the management of testicular cancer: staging, role of chemotherapy, tumour markers, prognosis	Acute severe testicular pain
Outline the management of prostate cancer: active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, hormonal and chemotherapy, palliative	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Outline the management of lymphoma	Neck lump
Outline the management of acute leukaemias and myeloma	Pancytopenia
Outline the management of acutely raised intracranial pressure	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Outline the management of an infertile couple	Infertility
Outline the management of anterior epistaxis and posterior epistaxis	Epistaxis
Outline the management of bone and joint infections	Osteomyelitis
Outline the management of bronchiectasis: physiotherapy, pharmacological and surgical	Chronic sputum production
Outline the management of certain types of epilepsy with neurosurgery	Epilepsy / seizure
Outline the management of congenital cataract and of congenital glaucoma	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Outline the management of Cushing's syndrome	Obesity
Outline the management of cystic fibrosis including pathophysiologic rationale	Chronic sputum production
Outline the management of lung cancer; indications and contraindications for treatment options in lung cancer	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Outline the management of myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Outline the management of myocarditis, pericarditis and aortic dissection	Acute chest pain
Outline the management of obesity-related sleep disorders	Obesity
Outline the management of oesophageal cancer: surgery (including anaesthetic risks), radiation, oncology; role of palliative care	Dysphagia
Outline the management of pancreatic cancer: surgery, oncology, palliative	Patient with jaundice
Outline the management of parapneumonic effusion/empyema	Pneumonia
Outline the management of spinal stenosis and peripheral neuropathy	Chronic limb pain
Outline the management of thyroid cancer	Neck lump
Outline the management options for a mother with an abnormal diagnostic test	Fetal health
Outline the potential complications and management of patients following prostatic surgery	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Outline the staging and management of endometrial and cervical cancer	Heavy menstrual periods
Outline the surgical treatment options for advanced Parkinson's disease and dyskinesias	Tremor and parkinsonism
Palliative care in neurodegenerative disorders	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Patient education - appropriate recommendations including advice regarding risks and appropriate protection against eye injury	Acute trauma to the eye
Patient education in photo-protection, discuss avoidance of sun exposure particularly at times of high UV radiation, use of physical barriers, use and choice of sunscreen	Skin tumours
Patient education: appropriate recommendations, advice regarding risks and appropriate referral for significant vision loss, patient self-monitoring, appropriate use of dietary supplements, cessation of smoking, treatment options	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Perform capillary blood glucose and urine dipstick	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Perform urinary catheterisation	Acute kidney injury, Adult with abdominal mass
Perform a joint examination and a relevant examination of extra-articular manifestations of spondyloarthritis.	Reactive arthritis
Perform a focused examination relevant to renal impairment	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Perform a functional assessment (e.g. activities of daily living independence)	Major depressive episode
Perform a nasogastric tube insertion	Bowel obstruction, Dysphagia
Perform a respiratory examination in a child (including assessing work of breathing (check oxygen saturations, examine for use of accessory muscles, tracheal tug, subcostal recession, pectus excavatum, cutaneous haemangiomas - head, neck and chest must be fully exposed)	Neonatal stridor
Perform a mental state examination of a patient with substance abuse; when patient is sober, perform assessment of cognitive impairment in relation to memory and frontal lobe function	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Perform a mental state examination of a patient with a personality disorder	Personality disorder
Perform a risk assessment for harm to self or others; assess suicide and neglect risk	Acute psychosis, Bipolar affective disorder, Personality disorder, Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Perform a mental state examination of an older patient with depression; recognise psychomotor variations of depression (i.e. psychomotor retardation and agitation)	Major depressive episode
Perform a developmentally appropriate mental state examination on an 8 year old child with challenging behaviour	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Perform a Gait-Arms-Legs-Spine (GALS) screen	Inflammatory low back pain
Perform a swinging flashlight test; test visual fields to confrontation; use direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy to assess the fundus	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Perform a capillary blood glucose measurement and urine dipstick	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Perform a cervical spine examination and focused neurological examination	Neck injury
Perform a cognitive function assessment including a screening dementia test such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) or Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III)	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Perform a cranial nerve examination (including fundoscopy) and a peripheral nervous system examination	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Perform a focused abdominal examination; seek evidence of any conditions that may present with renal calculus disease	Flank pain and dysuria
Perform a focused examination of visual behaviour in a child, visual acuity, eye movements, cover test, cover uncover test, and red reflex, particularly focusing on the signs of direction of strabismus, preferential fixation, correction with glasses, epicanthal folds	Infant or child with strabismus
Perform a focused examination relating to lower urinary tract and prostatic symptoms	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Perform a focused genitourinary examination	Gross haematuria
Perform a focused neurological examination	Headache
Perform a focused neurological examination to localise the lesion within the nervous system and identify characteristic features	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Perform a focused ophthalmic examination including measurement of visual acuity, pupil reactions, colour vision, visual field testing to confrontation, slit lamp examination and ophthalmoscopy examination of the optic nerve and retina	Sudden painless loss of vision
Perform a full multisystem physical examination	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Perform a full systems examination	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Perform a general examination, as complete as is possible; recognise drug withdrawal and intoxication	Agitated and combative patient
Perform a general examination; recognise generalised lymphadenopathy	Needlestick injury
Perform a general examination; recognise the signs of cortisol excess and of androgen excess	Obesity
Perform a HEADSS assessment in adolescent/older child	Child or adolescent with a headache
Perform a mental state examination of a patient with bipolar affective disorder; recognise the typical findings in a patient with mania	Bipolar affective disorder
Perform a mental state examination of a patient with acute psychosis; recognise different types of delusions and hallucinations; identify and describe thought disorder	Acute psychosis
Perform a mental state examination of a patient with an anxiety disorder	Anxiety disorder
Perform a physical examination of a child including assessing normal major developmental milestones, assessment for dysmorphsim, neurocutaneous stigmata, assessing hearing and vision	Before school check
Perform a primary survey and the necessary practical skills: airway opening manoeuvres; cervical collar placement; obtaining vascular access, haemostasis and suturing	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Perform a primary survey in a trauma patient	Penetrating chest trauma
Perform a rapid and targeted examination of a patient with sudden onset shortness of breath; recognise respiratory distress and a pneumothorax	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Perform a relevant cardiac and neurologic examination, including measurement of blood pressure, assessment for murmurs and carotid bruits	Sudden painless loss of vision
Perform a risk assessment for harm to self or others; assess suicide and neglect risk; identification and analysis of risk and protective factors for suicide and self-harm	Major depressive episode
Perform a risk assessment for harm to self or others; assess suicide and neglect risk; consider static and dynamic risk factors	Self-harm
Perform a secondary survey	Penetrating chest trauma
Perform a secondary survey according to trauma assessment protocols	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Perform a venepuncture, blood glucose level, venous cannulation, arterial blood gas, ECG, lumbar puncture	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Perform a venepuncture, nasal swab, basic airway management	Epistaxis
Perform an abdominal and genital examination (including the cremasteric reflex)	Acute severe testicular pain
Perform an assessment of airway, breathing and circulation, recognise signs of life, assess the level of consciousness using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive (AVPU) Scale, neurological observations and fundoscopy	Head trauma
Perform an assessment of airway, breathing and circulation; recognise signs of life; signs compatible with brainstem death	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Perform an assessment of the airway, breathing and circulation, cervical spine integrity, recognise signs of life	Penetrating chest trauma
Perform an assessment of the level of consciousness using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive (AVPU) Scale	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Perform an assessment of the level of consciousness using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive (AVPU) Scale	Penetrating chest trauma
Perform an ECG; identify atrial fibrillation and flutter, supra ventricular tachycardia, left and right bundle branch block, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, first-, second type 1-, second type 2- and third-degree heart blocks, atrial and ventricular ectopy	Arrhythmias
Perform an examination (including mental state) of a patient who has self-harmed; recognise stigmata of self-harm	Self-harm
Perform an examination of a patient with a fever	Fever and a new murmur
Perform an examination of a patient with an eating disorder; recognise signs of self-purging and dermatological manifestations of anorexia	Eating disorders
Perform an examination of a patient with fever	Febrile returning traveller
Perform an examination of a the groin and scrotum; clinically differentiate a direct and indirect inguinal hernia	Groin lump
Perform an examination of a wound and recognise complications	Superficial injuries
Perform an examination of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, upper airway and neck including a full preoperative airway assessment	Preoperative assessment and management
Perform an examination of the abdomen	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Perform an examination of the cranial nerves, neck and abdomen	Dysphagia
Perform an examination, including mental state examination, of someone with medically unexplained physical symptoms	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Perform an intramuscular injection	Superficial injuries
Perform an ophthalmological examination, particularly focusing on optic nerve function	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Perform and interpret spirometry and arterial blood gas	Chronic sputum production
Perform and interpret a septic screen (full blood count, blood culture, urine microscopy and culture, lumbar puncture, chest X-ray)	Unwell neonate
Perform and interpret an ECG	Heart failure, Stable angina
Perform and interpret an ECG and recognize ischaemic features (i.e. STEMI and NSTEMI)	Acute chest pain
Perform and interpret Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), spirometry and arterial blood gas	Chronic shortness of breath
Perform and interpret relevant investigations: PEF, arterial blood gas, bloods and chest X-ray	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Perform and interpret the results of a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA)and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III)	Delirium / dementia
Perform and record a mental state examination of a patient with an eating disorder	Eating disorders
Perform and record a Gait-Arms-Legs-Spine (GALS) screen	Swollen and tender joints
Perform and record a breast and axillary examination	Breast lump and screening
Perform and record a focused examination to localise the neurological lesion; identify possible source of emboli	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Perform and record an examination of a swollen limb; use dermatological terminology to describe skin changes and recognise neurovascular compromise	Deep vein thrombosis
Perform and record an examination of the abdomen and lymph nodes. Include checking for ascites, rectal, genital and speculum examinations if indicated. Recognise a distended bladder	Adult with abdominal mass
Perform and record an examination of the abdomen and pelvis: include genitalia, hernial orifices and rectal examination. Recognise signs of peritonism	Acute abdominal pain
Perform and record an examination of the abdomen including rectal examination	Chronic bowel motility problems
Perform and record an examination of the abdomen, including genitalia, hernial orifices and rectal examination. Recognise peritonism, surgical scars and bowel obstruction	Bowel obstruction
Perform and record an examination of the abdomen, including rectal examination. Recognise melaena and signs of chronic liver disease	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Perform and report the examination of the respiratory system	Worsening shortness of breath
Perform arterial blood gas and intramuscular injection	Compromised airway
Perform arterial blood gas, venepuncture, central line and peripheral blood cultures, urinary catheter placement, peripheral intravenous cannulation, ECG, placement of nasogastric tube	Postoperative complications
Perform ascitic tap	Chronic liver disease
Perform assessment of level of consciousness using Glasgow Coma Score (GCS)and Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive (AVPU) Scale, fundoscopy, lumbar puncture	Sudden onset severe headache
Perform assessment of scaphoid fracture and treatment/follow-up of scaphoid fractures	Hand injury
Perform assessment of the level of consciousness using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive (AVPU) Scale	Falls and collapses
Perform bag-valve-mask ventilation, airway manoeuvres, use airway adjuncts, prescribe insulin regimen for 'nil by mouth' patient, thromboembolic risk assessment, ECG	Preoperative assessment and management
Perform basic airway management	Upper airway disease
Perform blood pressure measurement in a pregnant woman	Late pregnancy complications
Perform Buerger test	Acutely painful limb
Perform capillary glucose level, measurement of blood pressure, lumbar puncture	Agitated and combative patient
Perform capillary glucose measurement	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Perform cervical spine immobilisation	Neck injury
Perform chest compressions, airway maneouvres and the use airway adjuncts	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Perform debridement and suturing of superficial lacerations	Hand injury
Perform ECG, capillary blood glucose test	Falls and collapses
Perform ECG, urine dipstick and pregnancy test	Acute abdominal pain
Perform examination of abdomen, including rectal examination	Rectal bleeding
Perform examination of abdomen, perineum and anus including rectal examination	Perianal pathology
Perform examination the abdomen; examine for shifting dullness and recognise signs of chronic liver disease	Chronic liver disease
Perform focused examination of eye trauma paying particular attention to the lids, conjunctiva and cornea with judgement of severity of trauma	Acute trauma to the eye
Perform focused examination of ocular redness paying particular attention to the distribution	Acute or chronic red eye
Perform focused neurological examination including calculating Glasgow Coma Score (GCS)	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Perform full neurological and cardiovascular examinations	Epilepsy / seizure
Perform gross evaluation of intraocular pressure by palpation	Acute or chronic red eye, Acute trauma to the eye
Perform injection and aspiration of a joint	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Perform measurement of blood pressure	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Perform measurement of blood pressure and an ECG	Valvular heart disease
Perform measurement of postural blood pressure	Falls and collapses
Perform multisystem examination on the confused patient. Accurately examine the signs of fluid status	Hyponatraemia
Perform musculoskeletal and neurological examination in infants and children	Child with abnormal gait
Perform musculoskeletal examination in infants and children	Child with sore joints
Perform neurovascular assessment of periphery and examination of the joints of the upper limb	Forearm / wrist injury
Perform otoscopy	Hearing loss
Perform Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), spirometry and arterial blood gas	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Perform physical and mental state examination of a disorientated/confused patient	Delirium / dementia
Perform venepuncture, arterial blood gas	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Perform venepuncture, ECG	Accidental overdose
Perform venepuncture; importance of correct patient identification in collecting blood samples	Anaemia
Perform vital signs, blood cultures, skin swab	Burns
Perform, document and interpret height and weight measurement	Before school check
Perform, with sensitivity, a digital rectal examination	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Perioperative care of diabetic patients	Postoperative complications
Perioperative management of anticoagulation	Deep vein thrombosis
Perioperative nutritional and metabolic needs of the patient	Postoperative complications
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of pain including in palliative care, conversion of opioids between oral and parenteral formulations; use of opioids in renal impairment	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of pain, conversion of opioids between oral and parenteral formulations; use of opioids in pallaitve care	Dysphagia
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias	Arrhythmias
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological preventions of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism	Deep vein thrombosis
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies to prevent stone formation	Flank pain and dysuria
Pharmacological management of cardiovascular risk factors: antihypertensives, antiplatelets, anticoagulants, lipid lowering agents, nicotine replacement therapy	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Pharmacological management of chronic kidney disease and its comorbidities	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Physical examination of the infant including weight (and evaluation of acute weight loss)	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Physiotherapy and exercise therapy in ankylosing spondylitis and spondyloarthropathies	Inflammatory low back pain
Plot weight from birth on growth chart	Neonatal stridor
Possible usefulness of clinical diagnostic signs and symptoms in low risk population to differentiate bacterial from viral cause of sore throat	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Post-natal contraception	Labour
Post-operative analgesia, pain management, drug and administration options Outline management of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), nerve blocks and nausea	Postoperative complications
Pre-pregnancy folate and iodine supplementation, screening and vaccinations	Infertility
Pre-pregnancy medications e.g. folic acid and iodine	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Precautions needed when a base of skull fracture is present	Head trauma
Preparing a trauma patient for urgent surgery, appreciating risk of anaesthesia with a spinal injury and rapid sequence induction	Neck injury
Prepregnancy counselling specific to diabetes	Diabetes in pregnancy
Prescribe oral rehydration therapy and determine when intravenous or nasogastric therapy is appropriate	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Prescribe drugs safely, effectively and economically; write legal prescription that takes into account the needs of individual patient; discuss prescribing options with patient	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Prescribe drugs safely, effectively and economically; write prescriptions that take into account the needs of individual patients; prescribe high risk medications (e.g. warfarin)	Arrhythmias
Prescribe for patient with impaired renal function	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Prescribing for patients with impaired liver function	Chronic liver disease
Prescribing for pregnant women and women of child-bearing potential	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Prescribing the emergency contraceptive pill	Contraception
Prescribing to under 16 year olds and vulnerable women groups with reference to the principles of Gillick Competency	Contraception
Prescribing intravenous fluids and complications of iv fluids	Postoperative complications
Presentation and complications of vasculitis including polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Presentation/manifestations of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Presenting symptoms and signs of endometriosis, PCOS, hyperprolactinaemia and POI	Infertility
Preventative strategies for avoiding future urinary incontinence	Urinary incontinence in women
Prevention of STI including herpes simplex virus infection	Dysuria
Primary and secondary preventative measures in osteoporosis - lifestyle and pharmacological mechanisms of action	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Primary and secondary preventative strategies for ischaemic heart disease	Stable angina
Primary and secondary surveys in trauma and importance of the trauma call	Neck injury
Primary prevention and assessing cardiovascular risk including goals for blood pressure control in patients with diabetes mellitus	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Principles of 'point of care' testing including rapid antigen tests and polymerase chain reaction	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Principles of respiratory specimen testing including rapid antigen and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)	Pneumonia
Prognosis and complications of meningitis	Fever and headache
Prognosis and complications of myeloproliferative neoplasms: thrombosis, progression to myelofibrosis and transformation to acute leukaemia	Polycythaemia
Prognosis and complications of operative delivery for mother and baby, short- and long-term; implications for future pregnancies	Labour
Prognosis and complications of pneumonia (in an older patient)	Pneumonia
Prognosis for otitis media, tympanic membrane rupture, presbyucsis, Meniere’s disease, cholesteatoma, acoustic neuroma, meningioma, necrotising otitis externa	Hearing loss
Prognosis for colorectal adenocarcinoma, inflammatory bowel disease	Rectal bleeding
Prognosis for mother and baby with abnormal diagnostic test	Fetal health
Prognosis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma	Epistaxis
Prognosis of personality disorders	Personality disorder
Prognosis of delirium and dementia	Delirium / dementia
Prognosis of schizophrenia	Acute psychosis
Prognosis of bipolar affective disorder	Bipolar affective disorder
Prognosis of asthma, pulmonary embolus and pneumothorax	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Prognosis of heart failure	Heart failure
Prognosis of a patient with a fractured neck of femur	Hip fracture
Prognosis of acute kidney injury	Acute kidney injury
Prognosis of bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis	Chronic sputum production
Prognosis of burns	Burns
Prognosis of chronic liver disease	Chronic liver disease
Prognosis of chronic obstructive airways disease	Chronic shortness of breath
Prognosis of common abdominal pathologies	Acute abdominal pain
Prognosis of depression	Major depressive episode
Prognosis of different leukaemias and myeloma	Pancytopenia
Prognosis of diffuse lung disease	Worsening shortness of breath
Prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease	Chronic bowel motility problems
Prognosis of intracranial bleeds	Sudden onset severe headache
Prognosis of lung cancer	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Prognosis of obstructive sleep apnoea and obesity hypoventilation syndrome	Daytime sleepiness
Prognosis of pancreatic cancer	Patient with jaundice
Prognosis of panhypopituitarism	Panhypopituitarism
Prognosis of patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Prognosis of periorbital infection: recovery from febrile illness, visual recovery	Child with red swelling around one eye
Prognosis of peripheral vascular disease	Chronic limb pain, Acutely painful limb
Prognosis of severe cerebral palsy with significant lung disease and mobility issues	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Prognosis of shoulder dislocation	Dislocated joint
Prognosis of stable angina	Stable angina
Prognosis of the various anxiety disorders	Anxiety disorder
Prognosis of tuberculosis	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Prognosis of valvular heart disease	Valvular heart disease
Prognosis of witnessed and unwitnessed cardiac arrest, post-cardiac arrest	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Prognosis post-head trauma	Head trauma
Prophylactic use of proton pump inhibitors to prevent oesophageal stricture	Painful hands in the cold
Provide a differential diagnosis of a disorientated patient	Delirium / dementia
Provide instructions for pre operative medication regimen and prescribe on in-patient prescription chart	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Provide lifestyle advice including alcohol cessation	Chronic liver disease
Provide the patient with verbal and written information about urticaria and angioedema	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Provide the patient with verbal and written information about chronic plaque psoriasis and the chosen treatment	Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains
Provide the patient with verbal and written information about the skin disorder diagnosed	Blisters
Provide the rest home with written information about institutional scabies and its management	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Provision of basic life support (oral airway, rescue breathing, cardiac compression) to a collapsed infant or child	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Psychological and social impact of incontinence	Perianal pathology
Psychological factors in chronic renal disease; awareness that this patient is high risk for developing depression	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Questioning around systemic symptoms that may indicate a more sinister cause	Musculoskeletal lump
Radiologic diagnosis of intussception, perforation and obstruction	Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Radiological interpretation of hip pathology	Osteomyelitis
REBELS structure to deal with communication challenges (the 'angry patient')	Hand injury
Recognise 'red flag' symptoms for gynaecological malignancy	Heavy menstrual periods
Recognise shock (or impending shock) in infants and children	Infant or child with pallor
Recognise rashes commonly associated with infection	Febrile infant
Recognise headaches that require urgent management (young age, associated meningism and/or focal neurology, associated vomiting, developmental regression, personality change)	Child or adolescent with a headache
Recognise clinical features of the more common genetic disorders: e.g. Down syndrome	Family with a genetic disorder
Recognise depression and anxiety disorders	Chronic bowel motility problems
Recognise dermatophyte infection	Skin and soft tissue infection
Recognise a testicular lump suggestive of cancer	Acute severe testicular pain
Recognise a tympanic membrane perforation; describe management	Glue ear
Recognise abnormal head posture; perform cover test, eye movement examination (ductions and versions)	Diplopia
Recognise acute (those requiring immediate surgical management) and non-acute swellings of the scrotum	Abdominal or inguinal lump
Recognise adverse factors that increase the risk of perioperative complications	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Recognise airway compromise, Pemberton's sign and a goitre	Neck lump
Recognise and differentiate 'baby blues', postpartum depression and puerperial psychosis	Postpartum care
Recognise and manage common skin and soft tissue infection (including ingrown toe nail) in primary healthcare setting	Skin and soft tissue infection
Recognise and manage associated electrolyte abnormalities namely hyperkalaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia and understand the underlying pathophysiology i.e. renal failure and relationship to secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Recognise and manage Bartholin cysts	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Recognise and respect different expectations regarding management (e.g. if you think the patient doesn't need sutures)	Superficial injuries
Recognise blood test results that suggest Addison's disease; interpret short Synacthen test	Adrenal crisis
Recognise clinical phenotypes of common functioning pituitary tumours and panhypopituitarism	Panhypopituitarism
Recognise clinical signs of anaemia	Gross haematuria
Recognise end organ damage and malignant hypertension	Secondary hypertension
Recognise features of the history and examination that alert the clinician to the need for investigation and intervention	Skin tumours
Recognise high risk anaesthesia patients (signs of airway obstruction, difficult intubation, cardiovascular risk assessment/American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA))	Preoperative assessment and management
Recognise importance of considering pregnancy in all reproductive age women with abdominal pain and get a pregnancy test	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Recognise importance of pre-conceptual counselling and interdisciplinary care in pregnancy for women with hypertension	Secondary hypertension
Recognise important features of history and clinical examination such as cardiac murmurs, dysmorphism, history of recurrent infections or steatorrhoea	Failure to thrive
Recognise infectious and non-infectious complications of medical devices	Postoperative complications
Recognise jaundice, signs of chronic liver disease and perform an examination of the abdomen	Patient with jaundice
Recognise recurrent miscarriage and refer to specialist	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Recognise red flag symptoms and signs in relation to severe eye trauma	Acute trauma to the eye
Recognise red flag symptoms and signs in relation to the red eye	Acute or chronic red eye
Recognise red flag symptoms of gastrointestinal tract tumours, ischaemic bowel	Rectal bleeding
Recognise risk factors for cardiac arrest, advance care directive	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Recognise risk factors for infertility (female factor, male factor and couple factor)	Infertility
Recognise risk factors for secondary causes of hypertension; recognise the Cushingoid patient	Secondary hypertension
Recognise signs and symptoms suggestive of kernicterus (hypertonia, lethargy, high pitched cry, back arching)	Infant with jaundice
Recognise signs of cerebellopontine angle tumour, conductive and sensorineural hearing loss	Hearing loss
Recognise signs of hypovolaemic shock and a compromised airway	Epistaxis
Recognise signs of orbital extension of infection from surrounding structures; classify the extent of involvement	Child with red swelling around one eye
Recognise sinister symptoms that could indicate bone malignancy	Knee pain
Recognise specific macronutrient and micronutrient deficiency states	Eating disorders
Recognise specific macronutrient and micronutrient deficiency states; assess dietary status and history of medication/supplements	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Recognise symptoms and signs of pre-eclampsia and its complications, especially eclampsia and HELLP (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome	Late pregnancy complications
Recognise symptoms and signs of latent and active phases of labour	Labour
Recognise symptoms and signs of preterm labour	Late pregnancy complications
Recognise symptoms and signs relevant to normal development, that may concern caregivers	Failure to thrive
Recognise that this is a medical emergency	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Recognise the appearances of otitis media with effusion	Glue ear
Recognise the biological symptoms of depression and identify the risk factors for depression	Major depressive episode
Recognise the characteristic signs of testicular torsion	Acute severe testicular pain
Recognise the characteristic symptoms of panic disorder (PD), agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)	Anxiety disorder
Recognise the child with an abnormal gait requiring urgent investigation and management	Child with abnormal gait
Recognise the common presenting features of a neurodegenerative condition	Urinary incontinence in women
Recognise the features of cauda equina syndrome and nerve root compression	Non-specific back pain
Recognise the features of compartment syndrome and outline its management	Forearm / wrist injury
Recognise the importance of performing a full skin examination, particularly in a high-risk individual, to detect asymptomatic lesions	Skin tumours
Recognise the morphological types of anaemia: microcytic, macrocytic, and normocytic	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Recognise the need for medical stabilisation in a general hospital setting when critical vs. management as an outpatient	Eating disorders
Recognise the need to increase thyroid hormone supplementation in early pregnancy	Hypothyroidism
Recognise the signs and symptoms of vaccine preventable disease including but not limited to measles, mumps, pertussis and pneumococcal disease	Febrile infant
Recognise the signs and symptoms of vaccine preventable disease including measles, pertussis and pneumococcal disease	Child with respiratory distress
Recognise types of visual field defects	Panhypopituitarism
Recognise what is needed to perform a hearing, visual and oral health screen	Before school check
Recognise ‘B symptoms’	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Recognise, assess and manage a compromised airway, including maneouvres, adjuncts and definitive airways	Compromised airway
Recognising need for urgent referral plus general physical examination and risk of congenital infections	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Recognition and early management of septic shock	Flank pain and dysuria
Recognition and examination for complications of obesity	Osteomyelitis
Recognition and initial management of the septic infant	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Recognition and management of sepsis	Child with sore joints
Recognition and management of neutropenic sepsis	Pancytopenia
Recognition and management of anaphylaxis	Child with generalised swelling
Recognition and management of hypoglycemia of the newborn	Unwell neonate
Recognition and management of restless leg syndrome	Daytime sleepiness
Recognition of stridor as medical emergency	Neonatal stridor
Recognition of a critically unwell patient	Fever and headache
Recognition of factors that contribute to hypoglycaemia: complication of aggressive glycaemic control, incorrect insulin dosing, not eating or excessive exercise, alcohol or drug consumption	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Recognition of globe enlargement (buphthalmos), corneal haze, photophobia	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Recognition of important 'red flags' (poor growth or feeding, fever, lethargy)	Irritable infant
Recognition of normal patterns and variations of puberty, and clinical features of premature and delayed puberty	Child with abnormal puberty
Recognition of petechiae and purpura and differential diagnosis; identify common causes of easy bruising	Infant or child with easy bruising
Recognition of signs of congenital infection	Unwell neonate
Recognition of the acutely unwell child; knowledge of vital signs (pulse rate, respiratory rate) of children of differing age groups	Febrile infant
Record the stage of pubertal development (Tanner stages)	Amenorrhoea
Referral to specialist for any child with anaphylaxis or allergy to more than one food allergen	Food allergy in paediatrics
Rehabilitation post-amputation and role of the physiotherapist and occupational therapist; management of neuropathic pain	Acutely painful limb
Relevance of giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis) to central retinal artery occlusion	Sudden painless loss of vision
Request appropriate investigations guided by the differential diagnosis	Hyponatraemia
Request appropriate thyroid function tests and interpret them	Hypothyroidism
Requirements for adequate oxygen delivery to meet metabolic needs	Infant or child with a murmur
Resuscitation and management of meningococcaemia	Infant or child with easy bruising
Resuscitation of the newborn; complications of fetal acidaemia; lactation issues due to separation from mother	Labour
Resuscitation, management of dehydration and sepsis	Febrile infant
Review newborn record to obtain information about labour and delivery (note administration of antibiotics to mother in labour, duration of ruptured membranes, presence of maternal fever, use of vitamin K in the newborn)	Unwell neonate
Risk factors and management of rhabdomyolysis	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Risk factors for cervical abnormality	Abnormal cervical smear result
Risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia and malignancy	Heavy menstrual periods
Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease, including alcohol history	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Risk factors for thyroid cancer and lymphoma	Neck lump
Risk groups for rheumatic fever, Jones criteria and red flags for diagnosis (ethnicity, migratory arthralgia, associated murmur)	Osteomyelitis
Risks and complications related to transfusion of blood products	Anaemia
Risks of rapid tranquilisation	Delirium / dementia
Risks related to the use of hormone therapy	Menopause
Role and indications for bacterial and viral swabs	Itching child
Role of blood tests in the diagnosis (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, platelets); role of temporal artery biopsy	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Role of radiological investigations and procedures	Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Role of substance abuse, particularly alcohol	Bipolar affective disorder
Role of liaison psychiatry, social worker, nurse	Agitated and combative patient
Role of anaesthetist, cardiologist, surgeon, transfusion medicine specialist	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Role of anaesthetist, pain team, surgeon, high dependency unit nursing and geriatrician	Postoperative complications
Role of audiologists and otorhinolaryngology (ORL) surgeon	Hearing loss
Role of bariatric surgery for treatment of obesity	Obesity
Role of cardiovascular rehabilitation	Acute chest pain
Role of diabetic nurse and dietitian	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Role of dietitian	Eating disorders
Role of early intervention services and community agencies such as child development team, home care nurses, IHC New Zealand, Taikura trust	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Role of early intervention services, crisis care services and the community mental health team	Acute psychosis
Role of early intervention services, crisis care services and the community mental health teams	Bipolar affective disorder
Role of hospital in the home and home intravenous therapy	Osteomyelitis
Role of imaging with ultrasound, intravenous urogram and CT in diagnosis and staging	Gross haematuria
Role of mindfulness meditation in irritable bowel syndrome	Chronic bowel motility problems
Role of multidisciplinary care in patients with dementia, including assessing patient safety	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Role of multidisciplinary team in the care of the disorientated patient and discharge planning	Delirium / dementia
Role of neuroimaging and other investigations (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein, blood glucose; orthoptic workup such as Hess Chart	Diplopia
Role of neurosurgical and stroke team	Sudden onset severe headache
Role of non-medical interventions such as lifestyle modification and exercise programmes	Stable angina
Role of nutrition in anaemia and awareness of your personal perception on patient's choice of diet	Anaemia
Role of obstetric ultrasound in early pregnancy	Pregnancy diagnosis
Role of occupational and environmental physicians (and other associated health professionals)	Worsening shortness of breath
Role of Occupational Health Department	Needlestick injury
Role of other health professionals in investigation and management of sleep disordered breathing	Daytime sleepiness
Role of periconceptual folic acid in preventing neural tube defect	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Role of physiotherapy, occupational and speech therapy in management of stroke patients	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Role of physiotherapy, orthopaedic specialist and orthotics	Knee injury
Role of physiotherapy, rehabilitation and orthopaedic surgery	Regional limb pain
Role of psychological support and cognitive therapy in the treatment of tinnitus	Dizziness and vertigo
Role of psychosocial assessment	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Role of psychotherapy in the treatment of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures	Epilepsy / seizure
Role of radiology in diagnosis of bone/joint infection and other bone joint abnormalities	Child with sore joints
Role of rehabilitation and respite	Tremor and parkinsonism
Role of rehabilitation programmes and physiotherapy in neurodegenerative disorders	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Role of renal transplantation	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Role of respiratory nurse specialist, respiratory physiotherapist and other health professionals	Chronic shortness of breath
Role of security in Emergency Department, role of consultation-liaison psychiatry, crisis care services and early intervention services	Self-harm
Role of security staff, levels of observation and de-escalation measures	Agitated and combative patient
Role of specific substances in psychosis	Acute psychosis
Role of surgeon, anaesthetist and anaesthetic technician	Preoperative assessment and management
Role of surgeon, gastroenterologist, oncologist, palliative care	Rectal bleeding
Role of surgery in the management of endocarditis	Fever and a new murmur
Role of surgery, radiotherapy and palliative care in the management of cerebral tumour	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Role of surgical management of in diseases that commonly cause vertigo	Dizziness and vertigo
Role of the heart failure specialist nurse and palliative care services	Heart failure
Role of the anaesthetist, intensivist, dietitian	Burns
Role of the anaesthetist/intensivist , otorhinolaryngology (ORL) surgeons, respiratory physician in management of a compromised airway	Upper airway disease
Role of the anticoagulant clinic and pharmacist	Arrhythmias
Role of the cardiac arrest team, emergency medical services and pre-hospital care	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Role of the diabetic nurse specialist and dietitian	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Role of the diabetic nurse specialist, dietitian, GP and diabetes specialist	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Role of the emergency nurse practitioner, physiotherapist	Dislocated joint
Role of the geriatrician,geriatric psychiatrist, nurse, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, social worker, dietitian, Age Concern, including discharge planning with team and family/whānau	Falls and collapses
Role of the GP in facilitating referral	Genetic testing information, Breast lump and screening
Role of the haematologist/transfusion medicine specialist in the treatment of massive haemorrhage	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Penetrating chest trauma
Role of the inflammatory bowel disease/colorectal nurse specialist, dietitian	Perianal pathology
Role of the multidisciplinary team in discharge planning; making appropriate living arrangements post operatively	Hip fracture
Role of the neurosurgical and medical teams	Head trauma
Role of the otorhinolaryngology (ORL) surgeon and haematologist	Epistaxis
Role of the pharmacist in dispensing and medication reconciliation	Accidental overdose
Role of the pharmacy; polypharmacy	Falls and collapses
Role of the surgical team and plastic surgeon	Superficial injuries
Role of the trauma team and multidisciplinary approach to the trauma patient	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Role of thrombosis service and pharmacist for patients on anticoagulants	Deep vein thrombosis
Roles of clinical geneticist, genetic counsellor, genetic scientist/pathologist	Family with a genetic disorder
Roles of liver disease specialist nurse, dietitian, alcohol cessation counsellor	Chronic liver disease
Roles of speech and language specialist, dietitian	Dysphagia
Roles of the inflammatory bowel disease nurse specialist, dietitian and psychologist	Chronic bowel motility problems
Routine counselling: potential teratogens, lifestyle advice, vitamin and mineral supplementation, antenatal education options, booking early with a Lead Maternity Carer (LMC).	Pregnancy diagnosis
Routine early pregnancy investigations (full blood count, blood group and antibody screen, rubella/ syphilis/HIV/hepatitis B and C serology, vulvovaginal swabs for chlamydia and gonorrhoea, urine culture; and if indicatied haemoglobin electrophoresis, smear	Pregnancy diagnosis
Routine Screening for Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities	Pregnancy diagnosis
Screen for other comorbid drug use such as over the counter medication, prescribed medication (hypnotics, analgesia), accessible drugs (aftershave, antiseptic hand gels, medicine cabinets on wards) and illicit drugs	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Screen for postnatal depression using the Edinburgh Post Natal Depression Score	Postpartum care
Screening and diagnostic tests for diabetes undertaken during pregnancy; interpret the results	Diabetes in pregnancy
Seeing young person alone as a healthcare professional	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Select and interpret tests used to diagnose malaria (thin and thick blood films, malaria antigen tests); STIs (urethral and pharyngeal swabs and self-collected urine sample tested for gonorrhoea and chlamydia); blood cultures and faeces to culture Salmonella typhi, Campylobacter jejuni	Febrile returning traveller
Sensitive history taking regarding use of alcohol	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Sensitivity and specificity of mammography and breast ultrasound	Breast lump and screening
Serological markers of systemic sclerosis and other connective tissue disease	Painful hands in the cold
Signs and symptoms suggesting toxicity such as cholinergic: (organophosphates) salivation, sweating, bronchospasm or anticholinergic: dry flushed skin, mydriasis, seizures, ECG changes	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Situations where prophylactic antibiotics are required to prevent endocarditis	Fever and a new murmur
Smoking cessation and nicotine replacement during hospitalisation	Dysphagia
Stage renal cell carcinoma and bladder cancer using the TNM system and outline the impact on treatment choices and prognosis	Gross haematuria
Stage prostate cancer using the TNM system, incorporating the Gleason score	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Stage colorectal cancer using Dukes criteria and TNM system; its impact on survival and treatment	Bowel obstruction
Stage oesophageal cancer using the TNM system	Dysphagia
Staging and prognosis of gynaecological malignancies	Postmenopausal bleeding
Staging of breast cancer using TNM and how this impacts on treatment and prognosis; role of sentinel node biopsy	Breast lump and screening
Starting pathway of supportive exploration of the child’s gender identity over time including assessment of family support, dynamics and functioning.	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Strategies to prevent post-thrombotic complications	Deep vein thrombosis
Structuring and framing of consultation including managing multiple participants in consultation	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Structuring, framing and timing of primary care consultation	Headache
Structuring, framing and timing consultation including managing multiple conversations	Child with disorder of elimination
Structuring, framing and timing of consultation	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms, Dizziness and vertigo
Suggest appropriate antibiotic regimens for endocarditis; dual therapy	Fever and a new murmur
Surgical and medical methods of first trimester abortion; risks, benefits and common complications of each method.	Pregnancy diagnosis
Surgical approach to removing a pituitary mass and the complications	Panhypopituitarism
Symptoms and signs of cervical cancer and importance of timely referral to gynaecological oncology	Abnormal cervical smear result
Symptoms and signs of gynaecological cancer	Postmenopausal bleeding
Symptoms and signs of perimenopause	Heavy menstrual periods
Systematic examination of a patient with possible vasculitis including fundoscopy, blood pressure measurement, urinalysis	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Systematically describe a lump	Groin lump
Take a neonatal and antenatal history	Infant with jaundice
Take a skin scrape and nail clipping for mycological microscopy and culture	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Take a family history and construct a pedigree	Rectal bleeding
Take a family history of a genetic disorder and construct a pedigree	Family with a genetic disorder
Take a history from the male partner and examine him, including testicular examination	Infertility
Take a history of feeding, urinary output (wet nappies)	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Take a sexual history in a sensitive manner	Perianal pathology
Take a thorough medication history	Arrhythmias
Take an effective history being mindful of the differential diagnosis of acute and non-acute blistering diseases and the importance of an accurate drug history	Blisters
Take an allergy history	Compromised airway
Take an atopy history (eczema, asthma, rhinitis, family history)	Food allergy in paediatrics
Take an occupational history where relevant to skin disease	Adult eczema
Taking a feeding history for a neonate and understanding advantages of breast feeding	6 week check
Taking a history from caregiver and from young person (HEADSS assessment)	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Talking to a patient about their cancer risk	Genetic testing information
Talking to mothers/carers of newborn baby, accurately recording mother/ whanau/carer baby and carer names	6 week check
Talking with carers of infants; safety in the home including domestic violence and postnatal depression	Irritable infant
The clinical features and complications of ankylosing spondylitis and spondyloarthropathies	Inflammatory low back pain
The clinical manifestations common to SLE (criteria for classification of SLE)	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
The effect of SLE on life expectancy, especially in relation to cardiovascular disease	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
The role of prophylactic treatment in those with a high risk of breast cancer	Breast lump and screening
The use of X-ray and MRI to investigate patients with back pain	Inflammatory low back pain
The use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for prophylaxis against major organ involvement, hypertension and renal crisis	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
The use of autoantibody and complement tests in diagnosing SLE	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
The use of disease modifying drugs and biological therapies in inflammatory arthritis	Swollen and tender joints
The use of HLA-B27 genetic marker	Inflammatory low back pain
The use of simple analgesia, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their side effects in long-term use	Swollen and tender joints
To be able to perform a risk assessment for harm to self or others with an emphasis on suicide and neglect risk	Anxiety disorder
Transition from paediatric to adult care	Chronic sputum production
Travel and exposure history	Febrile returning traveller
Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome and indications for surgical release	Painful hands in the cold
Treatment of gynaecological cancers: curative and debulking surgery, principles of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and palliative care	Postmenopausal bleeding
Treatment of patient with sepsis	Acute abdominal pain
Treatment of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenom and drugs which exacerbate it	Painful hands in the cold
Treatment options available for breast cancer and the factors involved in deciding which to use; include: surgical, hormonal, oncological (chemo- and biological therapies), palliative	Breast lump and screening
Treatment options for late pregnancy bleeding and their urgency, including consideration of antenatal corticosteroids, transfer to hospital with appropriate level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), mode of delivery	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Two phases of gout management: acute gout attack and chronic (or tophaceous) gout; recognise and manage the metabolic syndrome	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Types of genetic tests and indications for these; risks of prenatal testing including amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling	Family with a genetic disorder
Types of perineal trauma (tears and episiotomy)	Labour
Typical symptoms of delirium that differentiate it from a dementia	Delirium / dementia
Understand terminology used in reporting cervical smears	Abnormal cervical smear result
Understand and apply recovery principles	Acute psychosis
Understand and recognise distress that arises from incongruence between a person’s gender identity and their sex assigned at birth (gender dysphoria).	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Understand common childhood epilepsies and febrile convulsions	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Understand difference between screening and diagnostic tests used in the diagnosis of gynaecological cancer	Postmenopausal bleeding
Understand emergency management of eye trauma; recognise the extremely urgent nature of chemical injuries to the eye and the need to perform urgent washout of the eye prior to any other management	Acute trauma to the eye
Understand how medically unexplained physical symptoms can present	Agitated and combative patient
Understand indications for and basic interpretation of high resolution CT (HRCT) of thorax	Worsening shortness of breath
Understand many food allergies will not be persistent and need reassessment over time	Food allergy in paediatrics
Understand referral and management of acute and chronic red eye	Acute or chronic red eye
Understand that many symptoms may suggest hypothyroidism, but thyroid function tests are definitive diagnostic tests	Hypothyroidism
Understand the definition and common causes of stillbirth, and understand its impact on the woman and her family	Late pregnancy complications
Understand the different types of stoma, their special care and where they are placed. Role of the stoma nurse	Bowel obstruction
Understand the importance of psychosocial factors in precipitating/maintaining chronic and recurrent headaches	Child or adolescent with a headache
Understand the management of severe and refractory eczema e.g. the concept of 'wet wraps' and 'weekend treatment'; topical immunomodulators such as pimecrolimus; phototherapy; systemic agents (anti-inflammatory corticosteroids, azathioprine, methotrexate, ciclosporin)	Itching child
Understand the principles of triage with children presenting with poisoning	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Understand the prognosis of Parkinson's disease	Tremor and parkinsonism
Understand the role of the medical practitioner and public health physician	Alcohol
Understand the role of the multidisciplinary team including midwives, dietitians, obstetricians, obstetric physician, ultrasonographer, neonatologist in optimizing pregnancy outcome	Diabetes in pregnancy
Understand the role of the physician, the public health physician and microbiologist	Infectious disease outbreak
Understanding normal feeding, sleeping, crying pattern of infant	Irritable infant
Understanding of interventions; role child proof lids, home medicines safety	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Understanding the role of optometrists/pharmacists in care of non-sight-threatening red eye (e.g. conjunctivitis, dry eye)	Acute or chronic red eye
Undertake a booking pregnancy history including screening for intimate partner violence and mental health	Pregnancy diagnosis
Undertake a booking pregnancy examination, including measurement of blood pressure, height and weight, bimanual exam.	Pregnancy diagnosis
Undertake a careful examination of the skin; identify scabies burrows and mites (using dermoscopy, if available); differentiate usual scabies from crusted scabies	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Undertake a careful and full skin examination	Adult eczema
Undertake a general health review including medical and drug history, examination and appropriate investigations. Address any reversible cardiovascular risk factors	Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains
Urgent management of extreme pain	Burns
Use 'CAGE' tool to screen for alcohol abuse and apply more detailed assessments such as the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Edwards and Gross criteria for dependence	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Use history and examination to assess the extent and severity of a rash, including the level of psychological disturbance in a patient; note the presence or absence of comedones and scarring; recognise that acne can, rarely, be a manifestation of endocrine conditions	Pimples and rash on the face
Use a slit lamp microscope	Acute or chronic red eye
Use ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to exclude white coat hypertension	Secondary hypertension
Use and interpret the partogram	Labour
Use growth charts and Tanner stages of puberty	Child with abnormal puberty
Use growth charts and Tanners staging of puberty	Osteomyelitis
Use of pulmonary function tests and echocardiography as screening for interstitial lung disease and pulmonary vascular disease	Painful hands in the cold
Use of a defibrillator and mini-jets	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Use of acute phase reactants in diagnosis and in monitoring disease activity	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Use of appropriate communication skills for discussing obesity with patient; screening for depression	Obesity
Use of appropriate terminology in talking with and about trans-children, young people and adults	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Use of blood products and correction of anticoagulated state	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Use of bone densitometry in osteoporosis (DEXA scan)	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Use of history, physical examination and basic laboratory tests to diagnose causes of anaemia	Infant or child with pallor
Use of immunosuppression and steroids in vasculitis including the importance of bone protection for prevention of steroid-induced osteoporosis; ensuring adequate dose and titration of dose in response to clinical improvement and ESR level	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Use of prostaglandin E1 in the management of CHD	Infant or child with a murmur
Use of pulse oximetry	Unwell neonate
Use of radiographs in investigation of oligo-articular pain	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Use of respectful and affirming language	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Use of urinary catheter, cystoscopy, lithotripsy and nephrostomies in obstructive uropathy; complications of procedures	Acute kidney injury
Utility of bone age in short stature of pubertal delay	Child with abnormal puberty
Visual rehabilitation, legal requirements for driving, criteria for enrolment with Blind Foundation	Sudden loss of vision and headache
When intimate partner violence is disclosed describe how you would conduct a health and risk assessment in a culturally sensitive and empathic manner; and what key content you would include (e.g. lethality; mental health assessment and risk to any children in the home)	Intimate Partner Violence
When necessary identify the need for the use of an interpreter	Blisters
Working knowledge of the slit-lamp microscope in external eye disease	Acute trauma to the eye
Motor vehicle licensing regulations	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Assess competency	Hyponatraemia
Competence and consent	Sudden onset severe headache, Eating disorders, Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Breaking bad news and conveying prognostic information to family/whānau	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Breaking bad news; discussion relating to poor prognosis and dying	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Deliver life-changing news	Patient with jaundice
Communicate effectively with youth on sensitive topic of sexual health	Acute severe testicular pain
Breaking bad news	Acutely painful limb, Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Breaking bad news and coping with cancer	Heavy menstrual periods
Breaking bad news to parents	Congenital hearing loss
Breaking bad news, sensitive communication of a chronic incurable diagnosis with patient and whānau	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Breaking bad news, sensitive communication of a chronic, incurable diagnosis with patient and whānau	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Breaking bad news/discussions relating to cancer	Breast lump and screening
Breaking bad news in cases of confirmed cancer	Postmenopausal bleeding
Breaking bad news to patients and family/whānau	Neck lump
Smoking cessation	Acutely painful limb
ABC (ask, brief advice, cessation support) approach to smoking cessation	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Ability to communicate appropriate health information to carers about handwashing and management of rehydration of infant at home; ensure appropriate to health literacy of the family/whānau	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Ability to communicate with the patient and family/whānau in a way that ensures they have sufficient knowledge and understanding to be able to make informed decisions and give informed consent	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Ability to deliver life-changing news and empathise with a patient with cancer	Pupil abnormality
Ability to engage in clinical interactions and provide care in a way that respects and upholds patient rights	Teaching
Ability to engage in clinical interactions in a way that respects and upholds patient rights	Hand injury
Ability to use health care data to improve health care access and quality	Clinical audit
Ability to work in a team	Diplopia
ACC funding for injuries and how this might impact a patient's history	Regional limb pain
Access additional information from a variety of resources if needed to help solve clinical problems	Hyponatraemia
Acknowledge impact of illness on family/whānau employment/income	Infant or child with pallor
Acknowledge that even though a dermatological condition may have few clinical signs, it may be significant and distressing to the patient	Pimples and rash on the face
Address patient concerns regarding function, employment and insurance	Epilepsy / seizure
Advance care planning	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Advance directives	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Advance directives and care planning	Heart failure
Advise patient on 'sleep hygiene' issues	Daytime sleepiness
Advocacy for patients	Heart failure
Antibiotic stewardship	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Appreciate the different religious and cultural approaches to contraception	Contraception
Appreciate the loss of 'normality' and feelings of failure associated with an operative birth	Labour
Appreciate the loss of 'normality' for a pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes	Diabetes in pregnancy
Appreciate the reproductive and sexual health needs of women in same sex relationships	Contraception
Appreciate the role of the continence specialist nurse and physiotherapist for pelvic floor strengthening	Urinary incontinence in women
Appreciating the complexity of decision making when early delivery of a baby is indicated	Late pregnancy complications
Appreciating the role of the anaesthetic team and need for ongoing communication	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Approach to establishing the diagnosis when there is a wide range of differential diagnoses	Dizziness and vertigo
Approach to paediatric palliative care	Musculoskeletal lump
Approach to patient with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and advice regarding protection from STI	Reactive arthritis
Appropriate management of one's own chronobiology (e.g. travel and night shifts) and minimising impact on work and self	Daytime sleepiness
Appropriately communicate evidence of treatment options to parents/whanau/teachers, including Practice Guidelines in ADHD	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Appropriateness of prompt analgesia prior to detailed history and examination	Forearm / wrist injury
Ascertaining woman's feelings towards pregnancy	Pregnancy diagnosis, Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Assent and consent	Agitated and combative patient
Assess social factors that may be affecting disease control	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Assessing for postnatal depression and family violence	Irritable infant
Awareness and ability to address potential personal assumptions and biases on the basis of ethnicity, skin colour, frequency of health care use, gender identification, age, sexual orientation, history of addiction, body size, evidence of low socio-economic status	Teaching
Awareness and ability to recognise own stereotypes and biases	Child with abnormal gait
Awareness of anxiety around brain scanning; communicating risks of incidental findings, and claustrophobia	Headache
Awareness of boundaries with patients in own age group	Groin lump
Awareness of carer burden, assessing for the presence of this and advising on appropriate support pathways for carers	Delirium / dementia
Awareness of child’s age appropriate natural embarrassment of examination	Child with disorder of elimination
Awareness of communicating across cultures	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Awareness of cross-cultural differences affecting communication, diagnosis and management	Pimples and rash on the face
Awareness of cultural issues when discussing a patient's health status	Postoperative complications
Awareness of cultural or religious factors within whānau	Genetic testing information
Awareness of financial issues that may affect treatment decisions	Genetic testing information
Awareness of health issues relevant to LGBTIQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, & questioning) individuals	Teaching
Awareness of how annoyance with a patient can result in important diagnoses being missed	Hyperthyroidism
Awareness of how preconceived ideas of 'significant' skin disease may prejudice an assessment of a patient; a clinically 'mild' skin condition may seem severe to the patient	Pimples and rash on the face
Awareness of impact on family functioning and associated stress	Child with disorder of elimination
Awareness of issues around the health of the clinician and risk of both contraction and spread of infection	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Awareness of limitation in managing patient in severe pain and when to seek help	Flank pain and dysuria
Awareness of mind-body interaction in clinical conditions	Chronic bowel motility problems
Awareness of mind-body link in some dermatological conditions	Pimples and rash on the face
Awareness of own level of comfort when talking to someone with psychosis	Acute psychosis
Awareness of own opinion regarding investigation and management of genetic disorders; respect patient autonomy	Genetic testing information, Family with a genetic disorder
Awareness of own personal views about unprotected sex and unplanned pregnancy, and how this could affect communication	Dysuria
Awareness of own reaction to someone in severe pain	Acute abdominal pain
Awareness of own relationship with alcohol	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Awareness of own sexual health and behaviour	Dysuria
Awareness of own stress when managing a patient with acute illness	Acute chest pain
Awareness of own views on having children, possible self-identification with patient, and professional boundaries	Infertility
Awareness of patient and family/whānau needs when facing death	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Awareness of patient concerns regarding cerebral bleeds or tumours in chronic headaches	Headache
Awareness of personal views about a situation, and separation from professional role	Hip fracture
Awareness of potential stress associated with a new baby in the household; personally, on relationships, and financially	6 week check
Awareness of power dynamics regarding an older person in hospital	Preoperative assessment and management
Awareness of social impact of mental illness e.g. stigma	Major depressive episode
Awareness of the impact of a patient yelling at you - your feelings, and reactions	Self-harm
Awareness of the impact on the patient of fluid restriction and possible altered body image	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Awareness of the importance of the multidisciplinary team in management - primary, secondary and tertiary	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Awareness of the possibility of intimate partner violence in teenage pregnancy.	Pregnancy diagnosis
Awareness of the risks of abuse of older adults	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Awareness of the tension between family/whānau involvement in health care decision making and the need to talk to young people without parents present	Dysuria
Awareness of the vulnerability of an patient with dementia in long-term residential care for older people and in hospitals.	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Awareness of third party interest in knowing medical information (insurance companies and employers)	Genetic testing information
Awareness of this as a possible presenting complaint for people with drug-seeking behaviour	Flank pain and dysuria
Awareness of your own feelings whilst taking this history and looking at the notes	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Awareness of your own personal reactions to eating disorders; show empathy	Eating disorders
Awareness of your reactions towards people with personality disorders	Personality disorder
Awareness that medical and psychological symptoms can co-exist and are not mutually exclusive	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Balance fetal and maternal wellbeing in clinical decision making	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Balancing side-effects of powerful medications against need to control inflammation	Swollen and tender joints
Be able to counsel a patient about behaviour change including smoking cessation, giving thought to their readiness to attempt this	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Be able to counsel a patient about long-term steroid use, including appropriate discussion of the therapeutic effects and side effects	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Be able to counsel a patient about the likely disease course (short-lived in acute urticaria/angioedema, longer in chronic urticaria/angioedema)	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Be able to tactfully advise about career choice or change	Adult eczema
Be able to work with other health care professionals to collectively decide on a recommendation	AAA screening
Be aware of ethical and legal issues regarding unplanned pregnancy	Dysuria
Be aware of factors influencing length of disability: adherence with treatment, issues of health literacy, attendance for follow-up care, complications of steroid therapy	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Be aware of issues around multiple therapies (complexity for patient and doctor, potential for error, effect on adherence, adverse effects, increased potential for drug interactions)	Chronic sputum production
Be aware of ways in which to support a patient with cancer	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Behave in a way that inspires confidence and reduces patient anxiety	Compromised airway
Being able to manage couples sensitively who are dealing with a highly emotional life event	Infertility
Being able to manage own identification with the patient	Penetrating chest trauma
Being aware of your own skills and calling for senior assistance as required	Penetrating chest trauma
Beneficence and non-maleficence	Child with disorder of elimination
Beneficence and respect for autonomy; patient refusing life-saving treatment	Anaemia
Best interests principle	Infant or child with a murmur, Agitated and combative patient, Self-harm, Eating disorders, Acute psychosis, Bipolar affective disorder, Chronic illness in paediatrics , Food allergy in paediatrics, Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Boundary and personal wellbeing maintenance	Personality disorder
Breaking bad news in cases of cervical cancer	Abnormal cervical smear result
Breaking bad news/discussion about cancer	Genetic testing information
Breaking life changing news to to a patient and family/whānau after a major trauma event	Neck injury
Brief intervention for smoking cessation	Chronic shortness of breath
Counsel patient re investigation, diagnosis and management of sleep disordered breathing and insomnia	Daytime sleepiness
Capacity and ability to consent	Self-harm
Care and rights of an older patient; power and vulnerability	Burns
Care when discussing diagnosis, prognosis, treatment options when clinically uncertain and when outside the limits of your own expertise	Musculoskeletal lump
Caring for a woman after a neonatal death; grief counselling	Labour
Challenges faced by women approaching menopause	Heavy menstrual periods
Clinical reasoning - using key signs and symptoms to establish most likely diagnosis	Acute or chronic red eye
Clinical reasoning: Consider differential diagnosis, other causes for strabismus, binocularity	Infant or child with strabismus
Clinical reasoning: using key signs and symptoms to establish most likely diagnosis	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Code of Rights, Health and Disability Commissioner	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Communicate empathetically with caregivers even when entertaining the possibility of non-accidental injury	Infant or child with easy bruising
Communicate empathetically with child and caregivers	Infant with jaundice, Infant or child with a murmur, Infant or child with pallor, Abdominal or inguinal lump, Altered level of consciousness in a child, Child with sore joints, Child with disorder of elimination, Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents, Osteomyelitis, Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents, Child with abnormal puberty, Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea, Child with abnormal gait, Child with generalised swelling, Overdose in a child or adolescent, Febrile infant
Communicate empathetically with child and caregivers including talking to older children/adolescents without parents present	Child or adolescent with a headache
Communicate empathetically with child and caregivers; recognition of discussion of delayed development and pervasive developmental disorder can cause significant stress in the caregivers	Before school check
Communicate empathetically with the child	Infant or child with easy bruising
Communicate empathetically with the parent/caregiver and show willingness to listen to their common concerns from caregivers around immunising their child and any contraindications	6 week check
Communicate empathetically, non-judgementally and supportively with child and caregiver	Irritable infant
Communicate sensitively and empathically in potentially emotional situation	Infertility
Communicate understanding of the social impact of skin and soft tissue infections	Skin and soft tissue infection
Communicate with health care professionals involved in this patient's care: dietitian, physician, GP, diabetic educator, members of the diabetic retinopathy screening team	Annual eye screen for patient with diabetes
Communicate with patient and family/whanau in relation to death and dying	Patient with jaundice, Dysphagia
Communicate with the patient and family/whānau in a way that ensures they have sufficient knowledge and understanding to be able to make informed decisions and give informed consent	Infant or child with easy bruising, Altered level of consciousness in a child, Child with generalised swelling
Communicate with the patient and family/whānau in a way that ensures they have sufficient knowledge and understanding to be able to make informed decisions and give informed consent (regarding surgery)	Abdominal or inguinal lump
Communicate, in an empathetic manner, with patient and their family/whānua	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Communicating about safe sexual practice and screening for sexually transmitted diseases	Contraception
Communicating risks and treatments of prematurity	Late pregnancy complications
Communicating the diagnosis of a mental illness to a patient and their family/whānau	Eating disorders, Acute psychosis, Bipolar affective disorder
Communicating the risks and benefits of contraceptive methods; discussing prescribing options with patients	Contraception
Communicating with patient and their family/whānau	Food allergy in paediatrics, Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Communication - patient and professional	Acute or chronic red eye
Communication of absolute risk	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Communication of primary and secondary prevention to patients and whānau considering health literacy needs	Secondary hypertension
Communication skills - writing and oral presentation	AAA screening
Communication with a patient for whom English is a second language, and use of interpreter vs family/whānau member	Dizziness and vertigo
Communication with family/carers regarding management of a terminal illness	Pneumonia
Competence and consent issues including enduring power of attorney	Pneumonia
Competence and decision-making	Arrhythmias
Competence and voluntariness, role of family/whānau	Falls and collapses
Competence, decision-making capacity and consent	Delirium / dementia
Complexity of establishing collateral information from several sources – family whanau, staff, management	Falls and collapses
Conduct effective family/whānau meetings	Falls and collapses
Confidentiality	Febrile returning traveller, Epilepsy / seizure, Skin and soft tissue infection
Confidentiality and privacy	Pregnancy diagnosis, Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Confidentiality and respect for autonomy	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Confidentiality of patient information and how information about one family member can reveal information about the whole family	Genetic testing information, Family with a genetic disorder
Consent and assent	Child or adolescent with a headache
Consent for Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)	Neck lump
Consent for initimate examination and use of chaperone	Chronic bowel motility problems
Consent for intimate examination and use of a chaperone; consent issues in anaesthetised patients	Acute abdominal pain
Consent for intimate examination and use of chaperone	Amenorrhoea, Bowel obstruction, Perianal pathology, Groin lump, Adult with abdominal mass
Consent in a patient with decreased mental capacity	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Consent issues for young people <16 years (Gillick competence)	Child with abnormal puberty
Consent, assent and children's role in discussions and decision-making	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Consent: information and understanding	Accidental overdose
Consent; competence	Head trauma
Consider health literacy needs of patient and family/whānau	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Consider patient and family/whānau cultural and spiritual needs	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Consider the legal issues relating to hearing loss and driving	Hearing loss
Consider the need for an interpreter	Febrile infant
Consider the reproductive needs of women in same sex couples	Infertility
Consideration of health literacy needs of the patient and family/whānau	Knee pain
Consideration of patient and family/whānau cultural and spiritual support needs	Child with abnormal gait, Child with generalised swelling
Consideration of personal biases and assumptions about patients presenting with severe pain	Flank pain and dysuria
Consideration of risk and benefit with regard to joint replacement	Knee pain
Consultation skills in discussing pre-cancerous lesions	Abnormal cervical smear result
Contact tracing after diagnosis of STI	Reactive arthritis
Continued professional development	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Contraception and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention counselling after abortion or birth	Pregnancy diagnosis
Convey importance of urgency and continuity of treatment with a view to limiting long-term sequelae	Child with sore joints
Coping with a new disability	Chronic limb pain
Coping with chronic disease	Personality disorder
Coping with new disability	Acutely painful limb
Coping with stressful and emotional events	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Coping with stressful and emotional events in pregnancy	Late pregnancy complications
Coping with uncertainty	Adrenal crisis
Counsel patients re exercise and weight loss	Daytime sleepiness
Counselling a patient on the importance of prophylactic medications despite being free of symptoms	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Counselling about lifestyle changes to reduce risk of breast cancer (weight loss, exercise, alcohol)	Breast lump and screening
Counselling and treating a pregnant woman who is under the age of consent	Pregnancy diagnosis
Counselling on high risk factors in pregnancy, prenatal screening, appropriate lead maternity carer (LMC) according to pregnancy risk	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Counselling on lifestyle changes	Infertility
Counselling regarding contraception options after ectopic pregnancy	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Counselling regarding early failed pregnancy	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Counselling regarding the appropriate timing of return to work	Diarrhoea
Culturally respectful examination	Acute kidney injury
De-escalation techniques and interviewing with safety in mind	Personality disorder
Deal with patient anxiety and causal uncertainty	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Deal with potential negative feelings such as anger and/or guilt associated with a diagnosis of gout	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Dealing with non-specific presentations and recognising red flags	Adrenal crisis
Death and dying	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Death and dying in young patients	Chronic sputum production
Death and dying; issues arising from end-of-life	Burns
Death and dying; role of palliative care and advance care planning	Pneumonia
Death certification and the role of the coroner	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Decision-making capacity	Agitated and combative patient
Decision-making for others	Altered level of consciousness in an adult, Head trauma
Deescalating an aggressive situation	Agitated and combative patient
Delivering life-changing news	Amenorrhoea, Bowel obstruction, Dysphagia, Pancytopenia, Hypercalcaemia and back pain, Adult with abdominal mass
Delivery of difficult questions regarding child safety and abuse	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Demonstrate an empathic approach to a patient with chronic symptoms	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Demonstrate empathetic interviewing	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Demonstrate empathic and compassionate approach regarding pre-operative anxiety	Preoperative assessment and management
Demonstrate empathic approach to parents of an infant with a distressing presentation	Unwell neonate
Demonstrate empathic interviewing	Anxiety disorder
Demonstrate empathy and compassion for a person with an illness which has affected their quality of life	Hypothyroidism
Demonstrate empathy when discussing distressing symptoms	Gross haematuria
Demonstrate insight into how this scenario may impact on your own emotional reactions and well-being. Debrief and seek support if necessary (see resources below)	Rectal bleeding
Demonstrate sensitive communication for embarrassing symptoms	Acute severe testicular pain
Demonstrate skilful communication for talking to two people who may have different opinions	Infertility
Develop an understanding of the dynamics of intimate partner violence and barriers to seeking help	Intimate Partner Violence
Develop the ability to manage chronic disease and patient expectations	Itching child
Develop the ability to simultaneously clinically assess and manage an acute obstetric scenario	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Develop trust to facilitate sharing of history/events	Hand injury
Developing palliative care skills	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Difficult conversations with parents; life-limiting conditions such as ventricular hypoplasia	Infant or child with a murmur
Discuss clinical findings with parents and explain the need for further investigation	Infant or child with a murmur
Discuss concussion with patient and family/whānau	Head trauma
Discuss diagnosis, share information and reduce diagnostic uncertainty	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Discuss disfiguring injuries with patients and families	Burns
Discuss issues such as adoption, sperm and egg donation	Infertility
Discuss potential for long-term disability	Head trauma
Discuss prescribing decisions with colleagues	Accidental overdose, Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Discuss public perceptions of treatment: ECT and how these are best managed	Major depressive episode
Discuss the need for the patient to continue long-term therapy, even when clinically improved and impact this will have on daily living (including work, sport)	Fever and a new murmur
Discuss uncertainty with the patient without causing undue anxiety	Neck lump
Discuss with a patient the significance of genetic information for whānau	Genetic testing information
Discuss with family safety around the home and storage of medicines and poisons	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Discuss your role as a doctor in routine enquiry and intervention upon disclosure (i.e. assessment, safety plan, referral, documentation)	Intimate Partner Violence
Discussing a sexual history	Abnormal cervical smear result
Discussing future pregnancy plans and fertility	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Discussing management options in terms of quality of life (physical, emotional, social, financial)	Heavy menstrual periods
Discussion of absolute risk and drug side-effects	Secondary hypertension
Discussion of management and outcome with members of staff/students after the event	Labour
Discussion of non-accidental injury with the parents	Fracture
Discussion of options for continuing or termination of pregnancy in the context of fetal abnormality	Fetal health
Discussion of personal topics including sexual history and possibility of coercion	Dysuria
Discussion of serious illness with parents, family/whānau	Fever and headache
Discussion of side-effects of treatments	Hypothyroidism
Discussion of treatment options	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Discussion with patient and family regarding resuscitaiton status and the role of advance directives	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Discussions around personal topics	Urinary incontinence in women
Discussions relating to potential diagnosis of cancer; not causing undue anxiety but emphasizing urgency of making a diagnosis	Postmenopausal bleeding
Display respect and empathy for the patient with dementia	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Disposal of body parts	Acutely painful limb
Documentation of resuscitation orders and withholding of medical treatment in appropriate situations	Pneumonia
Educate patients about serious adverse drug effects and precautions regarding radio-active iodine uptake	Hyperthyroidism
Educating patient and family/whānau about chronic disease that will need lifelong treatment	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Effectively communicate advice regarding lifestyle	Chronic bowel motility problems
Effectively communicate advice regarding lifestyle (e.g. smoking cessation)	Amenorrhoea
Effectively communicate and empathise with a patient who has difficulty speaking and laryngeal malignancy	Upper airway disease
Effectively communicate disease pathogenesis, prognosis, treatment and the rationale for treatment	Glue ear
Effectively communicate information about lifestyle changes, including smoking cessation	Acute chest pain
Effectively communicate regarding lifestyle changes eliciting and incorporating the patient's views	Stable angina
Effectively communicate to provide information about anaesthesia and to obtain consent	Preoperative assessment and management
Emotional and ethical implications of gene testing	Genetic testing information, Family with a genetic disorder
Empathetic and sensitive consulting style	Menopause
Empathetic communication with family/whānau and sensitivity to parental anxiety which ensues when the possibility of an abnormality is raised	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye, Fetal health
Empathic approach with a distressing presentation	Sudden painless loss of vision
Empathise about a major operation with complications involving unpleasant symptoms and a longer hospital stay, empathise with a patient in pain	Postoperative complications
Empathise regarding societal norms of body shape and body image	Osteomyelitis
Empathise with a patient focusing on reintegration with society	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Empathise with a patient who has a chronic pain condition	Non-specific back pain
Empathise with a patient with cancer	Patient with jaundice
Empathise with a patient with new diagnosis of a neurodegenerative condition	Tremor and parkinsonism
Empathise with and understand the impact on the patient and carers living with dementia	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Empathise with family/whānau member of a major trauma patient	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Empathise with patient with cancer	Dysphagia
Empathise with patient with chronic disease	Chronic bowel motility problems
Empathise with patient's concern re prognosis and physical deterioration	Painful hands in the cold
Empathise with patients with cancer	Bowel obstruction
Empathise with patients with distressing symptoms	Epistaxis
Empathise with the parent/caregiver	Congenital hearing loss
Empathise with the parent/caregiver and show willingness to listen to their concerns recognising failure to grow and feeding can be a source of stress	Failure to thrive
Empathise with the patient who has experienced pain for a long period of time	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Empathise with the patient's experience of living with chronic, disabling pain	Inflammatory low back pain
Empathy for patient in severe pain	Flank pain and dysuria
Empathy for people with chronic disease	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Empathy for the change of quality of life for patients receiving renal replacement therapy	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Empathy when delivering bad news	Musculoskeletal lump
Encourage exercise, smoking cessation and weight loss	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Encourage patients to take ownership of their chronic disease	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Encourage self-management in an asymptomatic patient	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Encouraging concordance with therapy with a disease with no overt symptoms	Diabetes in pregnancy
Engaging appropriately with patient, family and student if managing patient in a teaching environment	Child with red swelling around one eye
Ensure a culturally safe environment in life-changing scenarios	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Ensure culturally appropriate support (e.g. spiritual) for the couple	Infertility
Ensure that there is accessible physiotherapy support close to the patient	Inflammatory low back pain
Equipoise and enrolling patients in research	Polycythaemia, Anaemia, Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, Pancytopenia, Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Establish a multidisciplinary approach to severe drug eruptions with the involvement of dermatology, general medicine, ophthalmology, gynaecology and intensivists	Blisters
Establish a multidisciplinary treatment programme, which may involve a GP, dermatologist, rheumatologist and general physician	Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains
Establish a relationship with patient and family/whānau	Fracture
Establish a therapeutic relationship with the patient and realistic treatment goals in the management of a chronic disorder, including addressing physical and psychological aspects	Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains
Ethical and legal issues related to the use of genetic information for the individual and family/whānau	Bowel obstruction
Ethical and social implications of genetic testing	Rectal bleeding
Ethical aspects of prescribing; recognise limits of competence and ask for help when needed; responsibility to update knowledge	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Ethical issues (e.g. genetic research, xenotransplants)	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Ethical issues in consenting for health care and confidential health care	Dysuria
Ethical issues in the patient with delirium and/or dementia e.g. resuscitation orders, Enduring Power of Attorney, Protection of Personal Property Rights Act (1988), Mental Health Act (1992) and other important legislation	Delirium / dementia
Ethics and life and death decisions	Neck injury
Ethics associated with treatment	Infertility
Ethics involved with care of family/whānau members	Deep vein thrombosis
Ethics of information sharing/confidentiality with third parties	Hand injury
Ethics of life and death decision-making	Penetrating chest trauma
Ethics of medical management of neurodegenerative diseases	Tremor and parkinsonism
Ethics regarding consent and advance directives	Postoperative complications
Ethics regarding treatment in minors	Deep vein thrombosis
Ethics, justice and access to renal replacement therapy	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Ethics: life and death decision-making	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Ethics: treatment and futility	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Evaluating social history - lifestyle, housing, number of prior Emergency Department presentations	Child with respiratory distress
Evaluating social history, screening for domestic violence/safety	Before school check
Evaluation of social and school history (any emotional or family/whānau stressors)	Child with disorder of elimination, Overdose in a child or adolescent
Evaluation of social history	Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Evaluation of social history (any emotional, school, or family stressors, abuse history)	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Evaluation of social history including dietary and financial stressors	Infant or child with pallor
Evaluation of social, emotional and school history (any emotional or family/whānau stressors)	Child or adolescent with a headache
Examine 'frequent attendance behaviour' and personal perceptions of this	Dizziness and vertigo
Explain diagnosis including genetic aspects where appropriate (e.g. carrier status in thalassaemia) to parents	Infant or child with pallor
Explain the need for a septic screen to parents and obtain consent to perform lumbar puncture	Unwell neonate
Explaining the risks and benefits of prophylaxis following a needlestick	Needlestick injury
Explanation of medications and their side effects (including gout as a potential side effect of diuretics)	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Explore (separately) whether both members of the couple want a child	Infertility
Explore and empathise with the difficulties associated with hearing loss	Hearing loss
Explore issues related to blood product use with patient who refuses blood transfusion	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Explore social history, screening for domestic violence/safety and postnatal depression	Failure to thrive
Explore the ethics of consent and 'best interests' principle	Upper airway disease
Explore the possibility of abuse in a sensitive manner, including the issues around confidentiality	Falls and collapses
Explore the role of the family/whānau	Epistaxis
Explore the social impact of otitis media with effusion, including long term behavioural, speech and educational problems	Glue ear
Facilitate involvement of the family/whānau in management	Tremor and parkinsonism
Genetic information: individual and familial aspects	Delirium / dementia
Hand-dominance and effect on employment/recreation	Hand injury
Having difficult conversation with parents (life threatening conditions: leukaemia and other malignancy)	Infant or child with easy bruising
Having difficult conversations with parents/breaking bad news (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)	Child with abnormal gait
Headache as a somatisation symptom	Headache
Health needs assessment in older people and awareness of ageism	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Health worker vaccinations	Needlestick injury
Helping a patient to deal with uncertainty; importance of family involvement and support	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Helping patients come to terms with a new disability	Panhypopituitarism
Helping the patient and family/whānau deal with life changing news	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Hospital transfer: when and how	Penetrating chest trauma
How far to investigate in general practice; how to accomplish an appropriate referral and what important points to include in the referral letter	Swollen and tender joints
Identify patient's anxiety regarding immunosuppression	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Identifying reputable sources of information	Febrile returning traveller
Impact of behaviour and views of the health professional on long-term outcome in back pain	Non-specific back pain
Impact of chronic disease in a young patient group regarding employment, social life, fertility, body image	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Impact of chronic disease in a young patients with regards to employment, social life and body image	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Impact of chronic symptoms on self employed patients and the contextual factors associated with fitness for work	Dizziness and vertigo
Impact on pregnant woman and her family/whānau of genetic counselling	Fetal health
Impact on the patient and family/whānau concerning prognosis	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Impact on whānau of long-term social care	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Impaired colleague; roles and responsibilities	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Importance of a balanced diet on health and wellbeing; respect patient's perspective on lifestyle choices	Anaemia
Importance of communication with primary care provider	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Importance of hand hygiene in the clinical environment	Skin and soft tissue infection
Importance of having a plan and information to answer patient's questions when you break bad news	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Importance of patient choice in management of a miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Importance of pre-conceptual counselling and interdisciplinary care during pregancy for women with heart disease	Valvular heart disease
Importance of working within a multi-disciplinary team to determine appropriate support and referral options/pathways for individuals who disclose intimate partner violence	Intimate Partner Violence
Influence of patient's health status and opinions on choice of therapy	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Injuries that have significant implications on work and social functioning	Regional limb pain
Interaction and boundaries with patient who may be a similar age to yourself	Reactive arthritis
Interdisciplinary care for patients with known or suspected cancer	Adult with abdominal mass
Interdisciplinary care of women of reproductive age with acute abdominal pain (surgeon and gynaecologist)	Acute abdominal pain
Interprofessional management of chronic disease	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Interventions to assist reduction in alcohol consumption and dietary measures	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Intimate discussions	Febrile returning traveller
Intimate examination and use of a chaperone	Abnormal cervical smear result, Heavy menstrual periods, Breast lump and screening, Elevation of prostate-specific antigen, Gynaecological abdominal pain, Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy, Postmenopausal bleeding
Intimate examination and use of chaperone	Acute severe testicular pain, Dysuria, Infertility
Intimate examinations and use of a chaperone	Urinary incontinence in women
Involve family in discussions of prognosis and management with patients consent	Hyponatraemia
Involve senior staff to ensure appropriate management and the safety of the patient	Falls and collapses
Involvement in teaching, supervision, leadership	Diplopia
Involvement of multidisciplinary team in cases of fetal abnormality	Fetal health
Know the obligations of the doctor in relation to New Zealand Transport Authority guidelines	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Know the obligations of the doctor in relation to the New Zealand Transport Authority guidelines on driving and diabetes	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Knowing the obligations of the doctor in relation to the New Zealand Transport Authority guidelines on driving	Panhypopituitarism
Knowing when to refer to specialist	Diabetes insipidus
Knowledge of when to get social worker involved; entitlements: e.g. Child Disability Allowance, 'Healthy Homes'	Child with sore joints
Learn to manage your own uncertainty while awaiting the results	Rectal bleeding
Legal and professional responsibilities regarding providing abortion, and providing care in an abortion-related medical emergency	Pregnancy diagnosis
Legal aspects of compulsory assessment and treatment, Mental Health Act, Right 7(4) of the Health and Disability Commissioner’s Code of Rights	Agitated and combative patient
Legal considerations of power of attorney	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Legal implications of diagnosing a communicable disease	Infectious disease outbreak
Legal issues with power of attorney and living will	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Legal ramifications of underage pregnancy and role of the police and social worker	Pregnancy diagnosis
Legal requirement for maintaining motor vehicle licences after acute coronary syndromes; issues of confidentiality	Acute chest pain
Legal rights of the mother and fetus	Fetal health
Liaise effectively with family/whānau and allied health professionals for an assessment of the home environment	Blisters
Liaison with GP and other specialties	Pupil abnormality
Lifestyle change advice	Heavy menstrual periods
Lifestyle changes	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Lifestyle interventions including cessation of smoking	Chronic limb pain
Maintain appropriate professional boundaries	Rectal bleeding
Maintaining confidentiality	Panhypopituitarism
Manage an emergency situation; ability to work effectively in a team in an emergency situation including either leading or taking directions	Compromised airway
Manage expectations; most people don't expect it to be as hard as it is	Postpartum care
Manage possible embarrassment arising from examination of groin	Groin lump
Manage your own professionalism and judgement about interacting with a patient who smells of urine and faeces	Falls and collapses
Management of a patient with severe pain and communication with patient and family/whānau	Flank pain and dysuria
Management of an acutely unwell patient; interaction with family/whānau	Pancytopenia
Managing an anxious patient and exploring beliefs about injury/illness	Needlestick injury
Managing challenging behaviour	Personality disorder
Managing chronic disease including inter-professional practice and recognising appropriate time to refer to palliative care	Chronic shortness of breath
Managing conflict in the therapeutic relationship such as dealing with a patient or parent who requests non-standard treatment	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Managing embarrassment when taking sexual history regarding anal symptoms	Perianal pathology
Managing own stress with patient in acute pain	Flank pain and dysuria
Managing patient expectations of treatment outcomes	Heavy menstrual periods
Managing patient's expectations: unexplained infertility, maternal age, relationship strain	Infertility
Managing patient's ideas, concerns and expectations particularly in the context of unproven alternative therapies	Adrenal crisis
Managing patient's ideas, concerns and expectations, particularly in the context of unproven alternative therapies	Hypothyroidism
Managing patients with physical symptoms and distress but where there may be no organic pathology	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Managing personal protective equipment and hospital infection exposures	Pneumonia
Managing professional/personal boundary issues with long-term patients	Chronic sputum production
Managing therapeutic relationship; dealing with a patient or parent who requests non-standard treatment or is excessively anxious around food allergens	Food allergy in paediatrics
Managing your stress when dealing with an urgent situation/unwell patient	Sudden onset severe headache
Medical aspects of fitness to drive (NZTA)	Delirium / dementia, Daytime sleepiness
Mental Health Act application and criteria for compulsory admission	Self-harm, Eating disorders, Acute psychosis, Bipolar affective disorder
Multidisciplinary management of a high risk pregnancy	Diabetes in pregnancy
Negotiating agreed management, explaining, planning, sharing information and ensuring understanding	Painful hands in the cold
Non-judgemental approach to caregivers	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Non-judgemental approach to mental illness	Eating disorders, Acute psychosis, Medically unexplained physical symptoms, Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Non-judgemental approach to mental illness (i.e. stigma reduction)	Self-harm
Non-judgemental approach to mental illness and demonstrate empathy	Major depressive episode
Non-judgemental approach to mental illness and reducing stigma	Anxiety disorder, Disruptive behaviour disorder
Non-judgemental approach to parents and parenting	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Non-judgemental attitude to history of events	Child with respiratory distress, Fracture, Hand injury
Non-judgemental, empathic approach to mental illness	Bipolar affective disorder
Non-judgmental approach to mental illness	Personality disorder
Normalising the menopause transition and normal ageing	Menopause
Obtaining consent from parents for participation in screening and well child checks	Before school check
Open disclosure and adverse events	Worsening shortness of breath
Open disclosure and apology in the event of medical error	Forearm / wrist injury
Opportunity for self-reflection – what does intimate partner violence mean to me? What experience have I had so far in my clinical training with routine enquiry for, and disclosure of, intimate partner violence?	Intimate Partner Violence
Order appropriate investigations and avoid further iatrogenic harm	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Parental role and decision-making for children	Child with sore joints
Patient and family/whānau education about being responsible for their disease and altering doses, including medic alert bracelet	Adrenal crisis
Patient autonomy and unconventional treatment	Non-specific back pain, Dizziness and vertigo
Patient counselling re risk vs. benefit of treatment	Worsening shortness of breath
Patient education	Dislocated joint
Patient education - appropriate recommendations, advice regarding risks and appropriately timed referral for significant red eye conditions, appropriate advice for self-limiting conditions	Acute or chronic red eye
Patient education concerning appropriate medication use	Accidental overdose
Patient education, including anticoagulant counselling	Arrhythmias
Patient education; evidence for, strategies	Chronic shortness of breath
Patient fears about hormone treatments	Adrenal crisis
Patient information regarding return to sport/work	Knee injury
Patient privacy and confidentiality	Self-harm
Patient rights and requests for treatment	Secondary hypertension
Patient rights and safety	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Patient/family/whānau requests for treatment; futility of treatment; withdrawing treatment	Burns
Perform examination in a manner that acknowledges the child's natural embarrassment	Child with abnormal puberty
Perform intimate breast and pelvic examinations with sensitivity	Postpartum care
Perform physical and genital examination in a sensitive manner; acknowledge the potential for embarrassment in an older child	Abdominal or inguinal lump
Potential for joint destruction with inflammatory arthritis and the need for active treatment to maintain employment	Swollen and tender joints
Power dynamics regarding the interaction between this consultant and yourself	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Practice guidelines in anxiety disorders	Anxiety disorder
Practise self-care by keeping vaccinations up to date	Upper airway disease
Pre and post-test counselling	Genetic testing information
Principles of best interest and patient advocacy	Neck injury, Hip fracture
Principles of care of older people and understanding their specific ageing	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Principles of consent and assent, competence and the role of the family in these areas for a patient with dementia	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Principles of informed consent	Genetic testing information
Principles of prevention of adverse drug reactions	Blisters
Principles underlying competency and criteria to define someone as 'not competent'	Acute psychosis, Bipolar affective disorder
Principles underlying informed consent and valid consent	Panhypopituitarism
Professional and sensitive communication with family/whānau when discussing sensitive topics	Hip fracture
Professional communication with distressed patient and with staff	Acute trauma to the eye
Professional obligation and ethics involved when you suspect a colleague is drinking excessively	Alcohol
Professional obligations and legal aspects of 'Do Not Attempt Resuscitation' (DNAR) order	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Professional obligations and personal response to withholding and withdrawing treatment	Heart failure
Professional obligations towards communicable diseases	Infectious disease outbreak
Prompt referral to Paediatric Cardiology service	Infant or child with a murmur
Protection of Personal and Property Rights Act	Pneumonia
Protection of vulnerable adults	Falls and collapses
Provide a long-term care plan and establish a therapeutic relationship	Adult eczema
Provide advice regarding weight loss and lifestyle modification	Obesity
Provide basic genetic counselling	Haemochromatosis
Provide patients with relevant treatment options for obstructive sleep apnoea and obesity hyperventilation syndrome	Daytime sleepiness
Providing advice and support in relation to employment issues and activities of daily living	Painful hands in the cold
Psychological and social impact of infertility	Infertility
Psychological impact of abortion and necessary support.	Pregnancy diagnosis
Psychology of management of stress	Headache
Rapid assessment of medical emergencies	Fever and headache
Reassure patient without needing to recourse to doing every last investigation	Headache
Reassuring patients when lesions are benign	Breast lump and screening
Recognise people vulnerable to exploitation	Infertility
Recognise risk behaviour in adolescence and depression	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Recognise that it is sometimes appropriate to shift focus to management of symptoms	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Recognise that this presentation can cause significant stress and frustration for the caregivers	Irritable infant
Recognise that this presentation can cause significant stress in the caregivers	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Recognise the importance of timely multidisciplinary communication within maternal mental health team	Postpartum care
Recognise the need for active treatment to maintain employment	Inflammatory low back pain
Recognise the role of lactation consultant	Postpartum care
Recognise the role of the community midwife and GP in the postpartum management of mother and baby	Postpartum care
Recognise the social and psychological impact of having a baby	Postpartum care
Recognise when there is a critical need for referral and communication with other medical colleagues	Infant with jaundice
Recognising and advising on any potential triggers; e.g. TV, lighting, sleep-deprivation	Epilepsy / seizure
Recognition that ongoing severe pain requires immediate review	Forearm / wrist injury
Recovery principles	Bipolar affective disorder
Referral to Paediatric Developmental services and social worker for a needs analysis	Fetal health
Reflect on one's own sexual health	Acute severe testicular pain
Reflect on own attitudes to smoking-related illness and how it may affect patient interaction	Dysphagia
Reflect on own background and values and their potential impact on one's practice in a patient who has a smoking-related illness	Gross haematuria
Reflect on own embarrassment when performing sensitive examinations	Acute severe testicular pain
Reflect on perceptions of iatrogenesis	Acute kidney injury
Reflect on personal attitudes to obesity	Obesity
Reflect on the mind-body link between pre-operative anxiety and post-operative recovery	Preoperative assessment and management
Reflection on your feelings about amputation and smoking	Chronic limb pain
Refusal of medical treatment	Self-harm
Respect for autonomy and professional integrity	Secondary hypertension
Respect for autonomy; respect and uphold patient rights	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Respect for patient autonomy in respect to treatment	Hyperthyroidism
Respect the principle of autonomy	Infertility
Respecting a women's views and choices in labour and birth (birth plan)	Labour
Responding to professional problems of colleagues	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Right to know / right not to know information	Genetic testing information
Risk:benefit ratio of medications	Accidental overdose
Role as patient advocate	Worsening shortness of breath
Role of palliative care and community hospice	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Role of Age Concern, DHB regulatory bodies for aged care, police; understand the Protection of Personal and Property Rights legislation regarding protection of patients	Falls and collapses
Role of advance care planning and palliative care	Chronic shortness of breath
Role of Child Mental Health Services, Paediatric Services, Education Services and the multi-disciplinary team in the care of a young person with ADHD and disruptive behaviour disorder	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Role of formal hospital multidisciplinary meeting in facilitating appropriate care for patients with cancer	Adult with abdominal mass
Role of infection control and personal protection equipment	Diarrhoea
Role of Medical Council of New Zealand	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Role of multidisciplinary care and palliative care teams	Musculoskeletal lump
Role of sexual therapist and psychologist	Infertility
Role of the Accident Compensation Corporation	Accidental overdose, Falls and collapses, Burns, Dislocated joint, Needlestick injury, Penetrating chest trauma, Head trauma
Role of the Accident Compensation Corporation (and completion of paperwork: ACC45)	Superficial injuries
Role of the general practice in health prevention	Before school check
Role of the multi-disciplinary team in the care of patient with an anxiety disorder	Anxiety disorder
Role of the multidisciplinary team to diagnose, treat and follow up a woman with breast cancer	Breast lump and screening
Role of the police and coroner in trauma patients	Penetrating chest trauma
Role of the police, coroner	Burns
Safety issues related to seizures/epilepsy: fitness to drive, swimming, and operating heavy machineries	Epilepsy / seizure
Screening for family violence in a sensitive manner	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Screening safety questions for family violence	Infant or child with easy bruising
Self care - understanding the effects of alcohol	Alcohol
Self care and personal health including vaccination and roel of occupational health	Pneumonia
Self care in gastroenteritis	Infectious disease outbreak
Self-awareness about impact of discussing life changing news with a young patient and family/whānau	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Self-awareness regarding managing diagnosic uncertainty	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Self-care	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Self-care in clinical situations involving pressure and urgent management	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Self-care regarding contact with blood and other bodily fluids	Epistaxis
Self-care: coping under pressure and the ability to reflect in action	Compromised airway, Upper airway disease
Self-care: coping with distressing presentations	Burns
Self-care: coping with distressing presentations and maintaining your ability to carry out your tasks (see resources below)	Penetrating chest trauma
Self-care: coping with stressful situations	Postoperative complications
Self-care: ensure relevant vaccinations are up-to-date and demonstrate personal safety regarding prevention of needle-stick injury	Chronic liver disease
Self-care: personal safety	Agitated and combative patient
Self-care: preventing needlestick injuries	Needlestick injury
Self-management of airways disease	Chronic shortness of breath
Self-reflective competencies	Clinical audit
Sensitivity around body image, and understand the influence of education level, media, and culture on one's perspective on lifestyle choices	Childhood obesity
Show empathy	Self-harm, Acute psychosis, Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Show empathy; understand how parents frightened/perceptions exaggerated by concept of anaphylactic food allergy	Food allergy in paediatrics
Showing empathy	Personality disorder, Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Smoking cessation counselling	Contraception
Social and developmental impact of mental illness in childhood	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Social and financial impact of chronic illness and disability in child for family/whānau	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Social and financial impact of food restriction	Food allergy in paediatrics
Social impact of dementia	Delirium / dementia
Social impact of mental illness	Anxiety disorder, Self-harm, Eating disorders, Acute psychosis, Bipolar affective disorder, Personality disorder, Medically unexplained physical symptoms, Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Social stigma around urinary tract conditions	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Stigma of diagnosis	Epilepsy / seizure
Strategies for dealing with uncertain diagnosis	Reactive arthritis
Supporting normality during pregnancy	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Supporting patient choice of pregnancy options.	Pregnancy diagnosis
Supporting patients to self-manage conditions with no symptoms	Secondary hypertension
Supportive treatment: counselling, patient and family/whānau education, patient support groups, appropriate reliable web-based sites for information	Painful hands in the cold
Suspicion and recognition of abuse of older adults	Hip fracture
Tailor management to patient's individual circumstances	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Taking a collateral history	Arrhythmias
Talking to young people and adolescents without parents	Child with abnormal puberty
Teach patients how to use medications correctly: glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) spray	Stable angina
Team and leadership skills	Labour
Team work - understanding the role of other ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic health professionals in the identification of risks and management of acute and chronic eye conditions/multidisciplinary approach required for some conditions	Acute or chronic red eye
Team work - understanding the role of other ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic health professionals in the immediate and ongoing management of acute chemical eye injuries	Acute trauma to the eye
Team work with allied professions	Child with red swelling around one eye
Team work: communication between ophthalmologist, rheumatologist and GP for long-term management	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Team work: interaction with optometrists and orthoptists	Infant or child with strabismus
Team work: interaction with relevant specialists (GP, ophthalmology, cardiology, neurology)	Sudden painless loss of vision
Team work: understanding the role of other ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic health professionals (e.g. optometrists) in identification, monitoring and referral	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
The aggressive patient	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
The appropriate management of uncertain diagnoses	Skin tumours
The effect of rheumatoid arthritis on life-expectancy	Swollen and tender joints
The parental role and decision-making for children	Osteomyelitis
The possible social isolation, loss of employment and wider psychological consequences of incontinence	Urinary incontinence in women
The role of ACC, Health and Disability Commissioner and NZ Medical Council in medical misadventure claims	Forearm / wrist injury
Time management of complicated history in ED setting	Falls and collapses
Time mananagement of a more complex presentation in short GP consultation	Adrenal crisis
Time-management of consultation	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Time-management: taking a complex history in a primary care setting	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Transition of childhood chronic illness to adult services and palliative care	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Treatment of self and personal contacts	Dislocated joint
Understand concepts of patient competency and decision-making capacity	Genetic testing information
Understand consent and competence	Neck injury, Hip fracture
Understand how family and school dynamics can influence behaviour	Before school check
Understand how family/whānau and school dynamics can influence behaviour	Child or adolescent with a headache
Understand issues related to confidentiality and stigma of HIV infection	Fever and adenopathy
Understand patient's anxiety regarding the possiblity of an underlying cause	Epilepsy / seizure
Understand the legal requirements for retaining a New Zealand driver's licence	Annual eye screen for patient with diabetes
Understand the burden of chronic disease on patient, his/hertheir family/whānau and the healthcare system	Polycythaemia
Understand the good prognosis but varied course of spondyloarthritis.	Reactive arthritis
Understand the role of community midwife and suporting patient choice of lead maternity carer (LMC)	Pregnancy diagnosis
Understand the role of multidisciplinary team in management of gynaecological malignancy	Postmenopausal bleeding
Understand the role of patient support groups eg. Diabetes New Zealand	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Understand the role of the doctor as health advocate for the population they serve, and appreciate the tensions that may arise between advocating for the population and treating individual patients	AAA screening
Understand the socio-economic factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy	Pregnancy diagnosis
Understand the variability of symptom sensation, perception and reporting shortness of breath	Chronic shortness of breath
Understand the ways in which pruritus can affect an individual's sleep, function and relationships	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Understand women’s reasons for requesting abortion with regard to physical and mental health and overall well-being	Pregnancy diagnosis
Understand your limitations, awareness of appropriate medical roles with a severely unwell patient, including when to contact team for assistance	Postoperative complications
Understanding barriers to accessing healthcare for adolescents	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Understanding need for early specialist referral	Musculoskeletal lump
Understanding of clinical audit and quality improvement processes	Clinical audit
Understanding of professional and legal issues related to clinical audit	Clinical audit
Understanding own bias	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Understanding that management needs to balance maternal risks with fetal risks	Late pregnancy complications
Understanding the risks and benefits of interventions such as induction of labour, caesarean delivery	Diabetes in pregnancy
Understanding the role of the midwife and obstetrician in a high risk pregnancy	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Understanding the role of the neonatology team	Late pregnancy complications
Understanding your role in relation to patients involved with police	Hand injury
Undertake full informed consent process	Hyperthyroidism
Undertake full informed consent process, allowing the patient to fully voice concerns and ask questions	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Use of interpreter	Infant or child with a murmur
What to do when you suspect non-accidental injury including professional and legal obligations	Fracture
What to include in a primary care focussed history and examination and time-management of the consultation	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Withdrawing neonatal care owing to futility of treatment	Labour
Working with alternative medicine providers	Dizziness and vertigo
Your attitude to a patient who has taken an overdose, and who may be a similar age to yourself	Self-harm
Ability to cater for differential health literacy needs of Māori patients and whānau	Infant or child with a murmur, Facial swelling and itchy rash, Infant or child with pallor, SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands, Itching child, Congenital hearing loss, Accidental overdose, Valvular heart disease, Child with disorder of elimination, Compromised airway, Fever and a new murmur, Secondary hypertension, Epilepsy / seizure, Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment, Hearing loss, Postoperative complications, Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee, Irritable infant, Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea, Sudden onset shortness of breath, 6 week check
Ability to cater for differential health literacy needs of Māori patients and whānau particularly in regard to warfarin treatment	Deep vein thrombosis
Ability to cater for differential health literacy needs of patient and whānau	Skin and soft tissue infection
Ability to cater to differential health literacy needs of Māori patients and whānau	Gynaecological abdominal pain, Pupil abnormality
Ability to discuss the return of any body parts to whānau if requested post-surgery	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Ability to recognise own stereotypes and biases in relation to Māori patients and whānau	Burns
ACC evidence of reduced delivery of care for Māori	Forearm / wrist injury
Access to antenatal screening in view of poorer antenatal care coverage for Māori	Fetal health
Access to cultural and spiritual support for patients and whānau	Hyperthyroidism
Access to cultural expertise and resources	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Access to cultural resources in an Emergency Department	Agitated and combative patient
Access to cultural resources when poor prognosis and death	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Access to cultural/spiritual support for patient and whānau	Child with disorder of elimination
Access to kaupapa Māori services	Secondary hypertension
Access to primary health care	Osteomyelitis
Accessing cultural support in life-changing scenarios	Congenital hearing loss
Acknowledge the disproportionate impact of illness on whānau employment/income and therefore availability and models of caregiving	Preoperative assessment and management
Acknowledgement of disproportionate impact of illness of whānau employment/income and therefore availability and models of caregiving	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Acknowledgement of the disproportionate impact of illness on whānau employment/income	Adult eczema
Acknowledgement of the disproportionate impact of illness on whānau employment/income, and therefore availability and models of caregiving	Infant with jaundice, Bowel obstruction, Neonatal stridor, SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands, Itching child, Child or adolescent with a headache, Upper respiratory tract symptoms, Overdose in a child or adolescent, Febrile infant
Acknowledgement of the disproportionate impact of illness on whānau employment/income, and therefore availability to attend outpatient clinics/appointments	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Acknowledgement of the disproportionate impact of illness on whānau employment/income; availability and models of caregiving	Acute trauma to the eye
Acknowledgement of the impact of illness on employment/income/social roles	Hearing loss
Appreciate unique familial mutations in Māori families as a risk factor for developing cancers such as gastric cancer	Rectal bleeding
Appreciate unique familial mutations in Māori families for developing cancers such as gastric cancer, and how this information has impacted on cancer research	Adult with abdominal mass
Appreciating the barriers to cervical screening and improving access to the New Zealand screening programme for Māori women	Abnormal cervical smear result
Appreciating the factors contributing to a higher incidence of cervical cancer in Māori women	Abnormal cervical smear result
Appropriate and timely engagement with whānau	Fever and headache
Appropriate and timely engagement with whānau	Fever and adenopathy
Appropriate engagement and consultation with whānau	Infant or child with a murmur, Neonatal stridor, Polycythaemia, Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye, Congenital hearing loss, Accidental overdose, Compromised airway, Child with red swelling around one eye, Burns, Osteomyelitis, Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment, Preoperative assessment and management, Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents, Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, Before school check, Upper airway disease, Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Appropriate engagement and consultation with whānau	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Appropriate engagement and consultation with whānau	Major depressive episode, Chronic upper abdominal symptoms, Sudden onset shortness of breath, Chronic sputum production, Chronic liver disease
Appropriate engagement and consultation with whānau and patient	Postoperative complications
Appropriate engagement and consultation with whānau in smoking cessation and management of type 2 diabetes	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Appropriate engagement and consultation with whānau particularly around health issues such as reproduction/cancer	Acute abdominal pain
Appropriate engagement and consultation with whānau, as well as the patient	Fetal health
Appropriate engagement with whānau including facilitating access to cultural support	Child with respiratory distress
Appropriate recall/outreach systems in primary care to achieve equitable access to preventive care including Tamariki Ora and kaupapa Māori sudden unexpected death in infants (SUDI) prevention programmes	6 week check
Assess health literacy needs of whānau	Altered level of consciousness in a child, Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Avoid stereotypes/prejudice for young Māori (e.g. that Māori are violent, drug takers, likely to be in fights), and explore specific risk factors for each individual	Hand injury
Aware that Māori and other disadvantaged groups of the community are over-represented in certain public health issues, and the importance of developing culturally sensitive strategies	Childhood obesity
Awareness and ability to recognise own stereotypes and biases in relation to Māori patients and whānau	Infant or child with easy bruising, Disruptive behaviour disorder
Awareness of barriers to accessing healthcare	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Awareness of context of educational inequities, especially for Māori boys	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Awareness of different risk profiles for Maori compared with non- Maori	Pneumonia
Awareness of differential ACC claims and rehabilitation for Māori vs non- Māori	Neck injury
Awareness of differential pattern of interaction with mental health services for Māori (e.g. more likely to enter through justice system)	Acute psychosis
Awareness of differing disease risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in New Zealand	Preoperative assessment and management
Awareness of differing pharmaceutical profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in NZ	Accidental overdose
Awareness of differing profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding compared with non-Māori in New Zealand (hepatitis B, H.pylori, stomach cancer)	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Awareness of differing risk profiles for atopy between Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in New Zealand	Adult eczema
Awareness of differing risk profiles for atopy between Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in NZ	Itching child
Awareness of differing risk profiles for cancer between Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in NZ	Adult with abdominal mass
Awareness of differing risk profiles for cardiovascular disease in Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in New Zealand (higher smoking rates and hypertension, reduced access to primary prevention)	Acute chest pain
Awareness of differing risk profiles for diplopia between Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in New Zealand	Diplopia
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations)	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in New Zealand	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in New Zealand (e.g. housecrowding and meningitis)	Infant or child with easy bruising
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in New Zealand for renal calculus and renal failure	Flank pain and dysuria
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in New Zealand in cardiovascular disease	Stable angina
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in New Zealand in presentations of jaundice (e.g. hepatitis, cancer)	Patient with jaundice
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in New Zealand presenting with neck lumps	Neck lump
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in New Zealand presenting with dyspnoea (e.g. rheumatic heart disease, tuberculosis)	Heart failure
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in New Zealand presenting with heart murmurs	Fever and a new murmur
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in New Zealand when presenting with deep vein thrombosis (such as underlying cancer)	Deep vein thrombosis
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in New Zealand with regard to viral and cancer causes for jaundice	Chronic liver disease
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in NZ in people presenting with swallowing problems (e.g. higher cancer and stroke rates for Māori)	Dysphagia
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in NZ presenting with abnormal liver function tests	Obesity
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in NZ relevant to anaemia in children including deprivation, chronic infection	Infant or child with pallor
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in NZ relevant to gastroenteritis (e.g. water supply in rural areas)	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in NZ; ask about breastfeeding, smoking in home, heating at home	6 week check
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) presenting with heart murmurs compared with non-Māori in New Zealand	Valvular heart disease
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) requiring surgery compared with non-Māori in NZ	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations)compared with non-Māori in New Zealand (relevant to causes of jaundice)	Infant with jaundice
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori compared with non-Māori	Chronic shortness of breath, Chronic sputum production
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori compared with non-Māori in NZ	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori compared with non-Māori, for different types of upper airways disease	Upper airway disease
Awareness of differing risk profiles for Māori presenting with suicide attempts including racism, deprivation, unemployment	Self-harm
Awareness of differing risk profiles for skin cancer between Māori compared with non-Māori in New Zealand	Skin tumours
Awareness of disproportionate impact of socioeconomic deprivation on incidence/outcomes of rheumatic heart disease for Māori, and appropriate response	Valvular heart disease
Awareness of disproportionate impact of socioeconomic deprivation on Māori and appropriate response	Fracture
Awareness of disproportionate impact of socioeconomic deprivation on Māori, and appropriate response	Falls and collapses, Burns, Failure to thrive, Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Awareness of disproportionate impact of socioeconomic deprivation on Māori, particularly for health-related behaviours, and appropriate response	Obesity
Awareness of disproportionate impact of socioeconomic deprivation on Māori, particularly Maori children	Infant or child with easy bruising
Awareness of ethnic inequalities in the incidence of infectious disease	Fever and headache
Awareness of evidence that pain tends to be undertreated in disadvantaged populations	Burns
Awareness of health care disparities; e.g. tendency for medical practitioners to underprescribe preventer inhalers for Māori children with asthma and conscious attempt to avoid delivering poorer quality care	Child with respiratory distress
Awareness of impact of socioeconomic deprivation on Māori and appropriate response	Swollen and tender joints
Awareness of issues relating to organ donation for Māori including fact that Māori have less access to waiting lists for cadaveric transplants, but higher rates of familial transplants	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Awareness of organ donation issues within a Māori cultural context	Child with generalised swelling
Awareness of stereotypes and bias	Febrile returning traveller
Awareness of the differences in incidence of genetic conditions between different ethnic groups	Haemochromatosis
Awareness of the different cultural perception towards hereditary disease in Māori	Haemochromatosis
Awareness of unique mutations within the Māori population (and other minority ethnic groups)	Haemochromatosis
Awareness of Whānau dynamics (who is/are carers)	Infant or child with pallor, Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents, Child with generalised swelling
Awareness of whānau dynamics (who is/are carers) and where the child stays during the school week	Child with disorder of elimination
Awareness of whānau dynamics (who is/are carers), whānau care giving issues, impact of illness on whānau employment/income (if needing to take time off work to be with child)	Abdominal or inguinal lump
Awareness of whānau dynamics (who is/are carers, whānau caregiving issues, impact of illness on whānau employment/income (if needing to take time off work to be with child)	Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Awareness that hospitalisation rates for arthritis (including gout, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis) are higher for Māori than non-Māori	Swollen and tender joints
Barriers in access to and management of diabetes for Māori	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Barriers to access for Māori with musculoskeletal injuries and ACC evidence of reduced delivery of care	Knee injury
Barriers to access to healthcare	6 week check
Barriers to acute healthcare service for Māori and other disadvantaged groups in the community	Infectious disease outbreak
Barriers to health screening programmes for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations)	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Barriers to healthcare for Māori with diabetes	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Be aware of barriers to early treatment, that result in exposure to greater harm from complications of the illness, risks of invasive investigations and prolonged treatment	Hyponatraemia
Cancer inequalities of Māori vs non-Māori	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Caring for kaumatua and kuia	Falls and collapses, Burns
Cater for differential health literacy needs of Māori patients and whānau	Chronic bowel motility problems, Patient with jaundice, Preoperative assessment and management, Adult with abdominal mass, Chronic upper abdominal symptoms, Chronic liver disease
Communicate effectively with patient and family/whānau	Hyponatraemia
Communicating with patients and whānau	Hyperthyroidism
Communication with patient and whānau (e.g. running a whānau meeting) in a setting of iatrogenesis	Acute kidney injury
Communication with patients and whānau	Panhypopituitarism
Communication with whānau	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Communication with whānau about poor prognosis and dying	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Communication with whānau when a patient has a poor prognosis	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Comparative sexual health among Māori - awareness of differential access to services /quality of medical care	Reactive arthritis
Competency in engaging in a family/whānau meeting if required	Altered level of consciousness in a child, Child with generalised swelling
Competency in engaging in a family/whānau meeting, even if the patient is non-Māori (family members may be Māori)	Postpartum care
Consider access to cultural/spiritual support for patient and whānau	Preoperative assessment and management
Consider ethnic disparities in adverse events during hospitalisation and the management of pain in New Zealand	Postoperative complications
Consideration of access to cultural / spiritual support for patient and whānau	Personality disorder, Gynaecological abdominal pain, Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time, Blisters
Consideration of access to cultural /spiritual support for patient and whānau	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Consideration of access to cultural and spiritual support for patient/whānau	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Consideration of access to cultural/spiritual support for patient and whānau	Chronic bowel motility problems, Infant or child with a murmur, Polycythaemia, Patient with jaundice, Fetal health, Child or adolescent with a headache, Compromised airway, Falls and collapses, Burns, Delirium / dementia, Penetrating chest trauma, Panhypopituitarism, Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment, Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, Pneumonia, Upper airway disease, Gross haematuria
Consideration of access to cultural/spiritual support for patient and whānau	Self-harm, Major depressive episode, Chronic upper abdominal symptoms, Overdose in a child or adolescent
Consideration of access to cultural/spiritual support for patient and whānau including advice on rongoa and interactions with warfarin	Deep vein thrombosis
Consideration of access to cultural/spiritual support for patient and whānau including return of body parts	Acute abdominal pain
Consideration of access to cultural/spiritual support for patient/whānau	Postpartum care
Consideration of access to cultural/spiritual support for patient/whānau (including accommodating return of any body parts to whānau if requested)	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Consideration of access to cultural/spiritual support for patient/whānau (including accommodating return of any body parts to whānau if requested).	Labour
Consideration of access to cultural/spiritual support for patient/whānau (including appropriate antenatal support programmes)	Pregnancy diagnosis
Consideration of access to cultural/spiritual support for whānau	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Consideration of access to cultural/spiritual support for whānau (including accommodating return of any body parts to whānau if requested post surgery)	Abdominal or inguinal lump
Consideration of access to spiritual and cultural support for patients and whānau	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Consideration of health literacy needs of patient and whānau	Hypothyroidism
Consideration of inequities in access to health services for Māori, and in the treatment and management of medical conditions	Late pregnancy complications
Consideration of inequities in access to maternity and primary care health services for Māori	Postpartum care
Consideration of inequities in access to maternity services including Caesarean sections for Māori	Labour
Consideration of patient and family/whānau cultural and spiritual support needs	Inflammatory low back pain
Consideration of patient and whānau cultural and spiritual support needs	Menopause
Consideration of patient and whānau needs when delivering life-changing news	Postoperative complications
Consideration of patient and whānau needs with regard to ‘breaking bad news’	Epistaxis
Consideration of patient and whānau needs with regards to ‘breaking bad news’	Bowel obstruction, Burns, Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Consideration of patient and whānau needs with regards to ‘breaking bad news’	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Consideration of patient and whanau support needs	Panhypopituitarism
Consideration that there may be sensitivity around examination of certain parts of the body and therefore asking permission to examine or touch the head and eye	Acute or chronic red eye, Sudden loss of vision and headache
Consulting with whānau	Knee pain
Critical awareness of hidden curricula in medical education	Teaching
Critical understanding of the concept of 'compliance' - framing it as a function of the health professionals and system, not just the patient	Teaching
Cultural aspects of terminal care, death and dying	Musculoskeletal lump
Cultural safety in examining an agitated person	Agitated and combative patient
Culturally appropriate communication with whānau regarding prognosis that recognises differential health literacy needs	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Culturally appropriate means of communication	Hip fracture
Culturally safe engagement with this patient, his whānau and communities	Rectal bleeding, Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Culturally safe engagement with this patient and his whānau	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Culturally safe engagement with this patient and whānau	Blisters
Culturally safe engagement with this patient, her Whānau and communities	Alcohol, Eating disorders
Culturally safe engagement with this patient, whānau and communities	Skin tumours
Describe the characteristics that Māori ascribe to their genome and outline how this might impact on genetic research, diagnosis of genetic disorders and novel gene-based therapies	Family with a genetic disorder
Describe the characteristics that Māori may ascribe to their genome and outline how this might impact on genetic research, diagnosis of genetic disorders and novel gene-based therapies	Adult with abdominal mass
Determine the whānau situation for the child and family	Before school check
Differential ACC claims and rehabilitation for Māori vs non-Māori	Burns, Superficial injuries, Penetrating chest trauma
Differential ACC claims and rehabilitation for Māori vs non-Māori (for injuries in general)	Dislocated joint
Differential access to primary and secondary care health services and quality of medical care for Māori with infectious disease	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Differential access to renal dialysis (peritoneal vs haemodialysis) by ethnicity in New Zealand	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Differential health literacy	Child with respiratory distress
Differential impact of injuries on employment/income for Māori (i.e. more likely to be employed in 'manual' jobs)	Penetrating chest trauma
Differential impact of injuries on employment/income for Māori (i.e. more likely to be employed in ‘manual’ jobs)	Superficial injuries
Differential impact on employment/income for Māori	Dislocated joint
Differential performance of the breast cancer screening programme for Māori	Breast lump and screening
Differential performance of the breast cancer screening programme for Māori	Genetic testing information
Differing risk profile for Māori (co-morbidities) for renal disease	Acute kidney injury
Differing risk profiles for anaemia in Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in New Zealand	Anaemia
Differing risk profiles for cancer in Māori compared with non-Māori in New Zealand	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Differing risk profiles for Māori (and other populations such as refugee) compared with non-Māori in NZ for disorders relevant to this scenario	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Discussion about surgery in the context of Māori values and health beliefs	Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Disparities by ethnicity along the bowel cancer pathway from screening through to diagnosis and management	Rectal bleeding
Disproportionate impact of rheumatic fever and infectious disease on Māori compared with non-Māori in New Zealand	Child with sore joints
Disproportionate impact of chronic condition (such as kidney failure) and its treatment (dialysis) for Māori	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Disproportionate impact of illness of whānau employment/income and, therefore, availability of and models of care-giving	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Disproportionate impact of rheumatic fever and infectious disease on Māori compared with non-Māori in New Zealand	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Disproportionate impact of socioeconomic deprivation on Māori including access to adequate nutrition and expensive treatments	Anaemia
Disproportionate impact of socioeconomic deprivation on Māori including access to adequate nutrition or expensive treatments, and appropriate response	Pancytopenia
Engage appropriately with whānau as well as the patient for management of chronic skin disease	Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains
Ensure a culturally safe environment and interpret symptoms in an appropriate cultural context	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Ensure a culturally safe environment in life-changing scenarios	Pneumonia
Ensure equal access to resources, including awareness of spectacle subsidies	Infant or child with strabismus
Ensuring a culturally safe environment and interpretation of symptoms in an appropriate cultural context	Acute psychosis, Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Ensuring a culturally safe environment given the potentially life changing event (child birth)	Pregnancy diagnosis
Ensuring a culturally safe environment in life-changing scenarios such as palliative care	Dysphagia
Ensuring a culturally safe environment in mental health disorders including cultural references in suicide ideation (e.g. mataku or mate Māori)	Self-harm
Ensuring a culturally safe environment in mental health disorders, including cultural references in manic thoughts/delusions	Bipolar affective disorder
Ensuring a culturally safe environment in occasions when person may die	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Ensuring a culturally safe environment in palliative care	Heart failure
Ensuring a culturally safe environment; interpretation of symptoms in an appropriate cultural context including differential health literacy needs of Māori patients and whānau	Food allergy in paediatrics
Ethnic differences in access to primary care between Māori and non-Māori	Child with abnormal gait
Ethnic differences in reasons for hospitalisation by diagnosis of mental illness	Personality disorder
Ethnic differences in risk factors for respiratory conditions including inequities in immunisation coverage by ethnicity, warm housing and smoking rates	Child with respiratory distress
Ethnic differences in suicide and suicide mortality in New Zealand	Personality disorder
Ethnic disparities in 'homelessness', mental disorder and alcohol/drug misuse	Agitated and combative patient
Ethnic disparities in fire-related injuries	Burns
Ethnic disparities in food allergies and in allergy testing in New Zealand	Compromised airway, Food allergy in paediatrics
Ethnic disparities in rates and management of type 2 diabetes and its complications	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ethnic disparities in the long-term management of traumatic injury in New Zealand	Penetrating chest trauma
Ethnic disparities in time to treatment for cardiac arrest	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Ethnic inequalities in disability whereby Māori have higher rates of disability	Neck injury
Evidence of differential management of depression, with Māori less likely than non-Māori to be prescribed antidepressant medication	Major depressive episode
Excess use of anti-Parkinson agents in Māori compared to non-Māori	Tremor and parkinsonism
Explore access to care/follow-up issues for management of hand injury (e.g. deprivation, employment issues/time off work)	Hand injury
Having a baby in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; access for extended Whānau	Labour
Health discrepancies between Māori and non-Māori - the barriers to healthcare for Māori	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Health disparities for newborn Māori; higher burden of preterm birth and infectious disease	Unwell neonate
Health disparities for young Māori children; high respiratory disease burden in children aged under 5 years	Child with respiratory distress
Health disparities in older Māori patients	Delirium / dementia
Health literacy needs of patient and whānau	Fetal health, Risk assessment in early pregnancy
High Māori involvement in sport contributing to overall higher injury rates in Māori	Knee injury
Higher incidence of autoimmune disorders in Māori and Pacific communities	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Higher incidence of stroke and stroke risk factors (including hypertension) for Māori	Sudden onset severe headache
Higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Māori and differences in underlying cause	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Higher rates of anaemia among Māori (and Pacific, ‘Other’) infants than Pākehā	Infant or child with pallor
Higher rates of hospitalization for epilepsy in Māori compared with non-Māori	Epilepsy / seizure
Housing issues for Māori	Burns
Identify and address barriers to access to healthcare	Before school check
Identify and cater for differential health literacy needs of Māori patients and whānau	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Identify the disproportionately high prevalence of otitis media with effusion in Māori children and explain the reasons for this	Glue ear
Impact of illness on whānau employment/income/social resources	Child with generalised swelling
Impact of socio-economic inequalities for Māori living with disabilities, including remuneration for whānau support	Neck injury
Importance of complete, high quality ethnicity data and issues in primary care	Clinical audit
Importance of whānau for adolescent wellbeing	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands, Sudden onset shortness of breath
Importance of whānau in decision-making	Neck injury
Incidence of nephritic, nephrotic syndromes and renal disease unequally affecting Māori	Child with generalised swelling
Incidence of suicide and accidental death for New Zealand Māori	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Inequalities in incidence, stage at diagnosis, and survival of cervical cancer between Māori and non-Māori	Abnormal cervical smear result
Inequalities in incidence, stage at diagnosis, and survival of genito-urinary cancers between Māori and non-Māori	Groin lump
Inequitable access to health care and the role of kaupapa Maori health services to improve access; telephone and travel access, remote community access if discharged	Febrile infant
Inequitable access to health care for Māori, including delays in diagnosis	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Inequities by ethnicity in adverse events during hospitalisation	Preoperative assessment and management
Inequities in prostate cancer rates and mortality between Māori and non-Māori	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori including reduced access to diagnosis, reduced staging (if cancer) and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Secondary hypertension
Inequities in access to timely cancer care for Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Inequities in breast cancer incidence rates, stage at diagnosis and mortality for Māori compared with non Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Genetic testing information
Inequities in breast cancer incidence rates, stage at diagnosis and mortality for Māori compared with non Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management.	Breast lump and screening
Inequities in hospitalisation rates for bipolar disorders between Maori and non Maori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Bipolar affective disorder
Inequities in medical/surgical error/adverse events between Māori and non-Māori	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Inequities in perinatal mortality between Maori and non Maori and reasons for this	Labour
Inequities in rates of infectious disease and non-accidental injury for Māori compared with non-Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Infant or child with easy bruising
Inequities in stroke outcomes for Māori	Sudden onset severe headache
Involve cultural/spiritual support team when appropriate	Postoperative complications
Issues around post-mortem examination in Māori patients	Late pregnancy complications
Knowledge that multiple sclerosis is less common in Māori than other patient groups	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
List some factors that have contributed to the occurrence of violence within whanau	Intimate Partner Violence
List some ways health practitioners can put into practice the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi in the context of family violence	Intimate Partner Violence
Low prevalence among Māori doesn’t mean zero prevalence – so still need to keep it in the differential diagnosis	Painful hands in the cold
Lower anti-epileptic medication prescribed to Maori despite need	Epilepsy / seizure
Lower immunisation access and rates for Māori children	6 week check
Lower rates of breastfeeding among Māori	Infant or child with pallor
Lower rates of joint replacement surgery with increasing deprivation	Knee pain
Managing the whenua (placenta)	Labour
Māori attitudes to assisted reproduction	Infertility
Māori beliefs relevant to postmortem examination	Labour
Māori perspectives on organ donation	Neck injury
Māori views on organ donation, autopsy and release of body and body parts	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Māori patients with SLE have a markedly higher risk of developing lupus nephritis	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Mirimiri in the non-pharmacological management of headache	Headache
Overcrowding/poverty and the effect of these on development of skin infections and abscesses	Musculoskeletal lump
Preterm birth in Māori patients	Late pregnancy complications
Provider perceptions on factors contributing to cervical cancer disparities between Māori and non-Māori	Abnormal cervical smear result
Psychological and social impact of cancer on individuals and whānau	Neck lump
Rates of severe injuries by ethnicity	Penetrating chest trauma
Recognise the differing risk pattern for Māori (higher rates of gonorrhoea, chlamydia, ectopic pregnancy and tobacco use during fertile years)	Infertility
Recognition of 'deficit analysis' thinking and discourse, and appropriate responses to such discourse	Teaching
Recognition of disproportionate impact of obesity, rheumatic fever and infectious disease on Māori and Pacific people	Osteomyelitis
Recognition of disproportionate impact of preventable injury in childhood on Māori and Pacific people	Fracture
Recognition of the strengths of extended whānau in support of mothers and newborns	Irritable infant
Respecting the mana and dignity of kaumātua, particularly within a medical context	Knee pain
Risk factors for mental illness in Maori (racism, age, income, deprivation)	Personality disorder
Role of Māori-led services for chronic disease and smoking cessation	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Rongoā and wounds	Superficial injuries
Root causes of educational disparities that result in Māori being more likely to be employed in occupational groups with a higher incidence of work-related injury (manual labour, machine operating, agriculture, fisheries)	Forearm / wrist injury
Self-awareness of potential stereotyping	Hyperthyroidism
Self-reflective competencies: awareness and ability to recognise ones own stereotypes and biases in relation to sexual activity	Dysuria
Self-reflective competencies: awareness and ability to recognise own stereotypes and biases in relation to Māori patients and whānau	Teaching
Self-reflective competencies: awareness of and ability to recognise own assumptions /stereotypes in relation to Māori patients and whanau, or youth	Reactive arthritis
Self-reflective competencies: awareness of possible personal stereotypes/assumptions around Māori and about child abuse	Fracture
Sensitivity in use language with different cultural/ethnic groups: e.g. 'eye turning in' is preferable to 'crossed eye' when describing esotropia	Diplopia
Smoking prevalence among Māori adults - culturally appropriate smoking cessation programmes	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Strengths of whānau - support of extended family, including older family members, in caring for preschoolers	Before school check
Strengths of whānau; learning care of newborn with support of extended family and older whānau	6 week check
Suicide rates in Māori youth and young people	Self-harm
The importance of Māori access to kaupapa Māori services	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
The role of kaupapa Māori health services in health promotion and reducing health inequalities	Irritable infant
The role of kaupapa Māori services in the management of long-term conditions	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
The role of whānau in eliciting past history	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
The role of whānau in the patient with dementia; appropriate engagement and consultation with whānau	Delirium / dementia
To consider the multidimensional nature of pain and its impact on wairua	Inflammatory low back pain
Traditional ideas and beliefs that may exist amongst Māori elders	Knee pain
Under-treatment of pain in minority patients	Non-specific back pain
Understand context of educational inequities for Māori children: potentially relevant to aetiology (e.g. discrimination)	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Understand context of educational inequities for Māori children: potentially relevant to both aetiology (e.g. discrimination) and effects (absenteeism more of an issue among Māori children, impacts on educational achievement)	Child or adolescent with a headache
Understand health literacy needs of patients and whānau	Hyperthyroidism
Understand inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori compared with non-Māori, and implication of this to clinical decision making and management	Child with sore joints
Understand inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori compared with non-Māori, and implications of this to clinical decision making and management	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Understand inequities in access to health services, quality of medical care and health outcomes for Māori (and other disadvantaged populations) compared with non-Māori in NZ	Preoperative assessment and management
Understand inequities in access to social and health services care for different ethnic groups	Chronic illness in paediatrics , Food allergy in paediatrics
Understand reasons for low contact with mental health services for Māori	Personality disorder
Understand that Māori are significantly overrepresented both as victims and perpetrators of family violence	Intimate Partner Violence
Understand that solutions to family violence which are based on tikanga and which involve the wider whanau may be more likely to achieve the best outcomes	Intimate Partner Violence
Understand the barriers to care that face whānau for accessing antenatal care	Unwell neonate
Understand the difficulties in accessing trans and gender diverse healthcare can be more vulnerable in culturally and linguistically diverse groups including Māori	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Understand the role of kaupapa Māori health policies, services and research in reducing inequalities	Pneumonia
Understanding different ways of defining the Māori population; e.g. ethnicity, ancestry	Clinical audit
Understanding how reduced access to health services and inadequate quality of psychiatric care for Māori, contributes to poor outcomes	Bipolar affective disorder
Understanding inequities in access to health (including oncology) services and quality of cancer care for Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Abdominal or inguinal lump
Understanding of disproportionate impact of socioeconomic deprivation on Māori	Skin and soft tissue infection
Understanding of equity including the concepts of vertical and horizontal equity	Clinical audit
Understanding of inequities in access to cancer services and quality of medical care for Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Bowel obstruction
Understanding of inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori	Infant or child with a murmur
Understanding of inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori (e.g. higher rates of surgical error for Māori females compared with non-Māori females);application to clinical decision making and management	Acute abdominal pain
Understanding of inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori and application of this to clinical decision-making	Headache
Understanding of inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori including reduced likelihood of receiving surgical intervention, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Acute chest pain
Understanding of inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori including screening/prevention of rheumatic heart disease, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Valvular heart disease
Understanding of inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori presenting with chest pain/cardiovascular disease, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Stable angina
Understanding of inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori with long term conditions and disability, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Understanding of inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Infant with jaundice, Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains, Epistaxis, SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands, Pimples and rash on the face, Burns, Sudden painless loss of vision, Obesity, Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray, Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Understanding of inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management (mobile lithotripsy buses to rural centres)	Flank pain and dysuria
Understanding of inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori, and application of this to clinical decision-making and management	Chronic shortness of breath, Chronic sputum production
Understanding of inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori, and application of this to clinical quality improvement	Clinical audit, Teaching
Understanding of inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori, including delay in specialist referral	Swollen and tender joints
Understanding of inequities in access to health services and quality of medical care for Māori, including less likelihood for localised cancer or cancer staging and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Dysphagia
Understanding of inequities in access to health services, quality of medical care and cancer outcomes for Māori compared with non-Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Gross haematuria
Understanding of inequities in access to mental health services and quality of psychiatric care for Māori, and how this contributes to higher rates of hospitalisation for psychosis for Maori	Acute psychosis
Understanding of inequities in bowel cancer outcomes for Māori compared with non-Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Bowel obstruction
Understanding of inequities in cardiovascular disease outcomes for Māori compared with non-Māori including higher incidence of cardiovascular disease and higher mortality; application of this to clinical decision making and management	Acute chest pain
Understanding of inequities in eye related conditions and their outcomes for Māori compared with non Māori (e.g. higher rates of diabetes-related eye complications), and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Annual eye screen for patient with diabetes
Understanding of inequities in health outcomes for Māori compared with non-Māori	Clinical audit
Understanding of inequities in health outcomes for Māori compared with non-Māori including liver cancer rates 4 times higher in Māori than non-Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Patient with jaundice
Understanding of inequities in health outcomes for Māori compared with non-Māori, and determinants of these inequities	Teaching
Understanding of inequities in liver-related health outcomes for Māori compared with non-Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Chronic liver disease
Understanding of inequities in outcomes for Māori with heart failure compared with non-Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Heart failure
Understanding of inequities in rheumatic heart disease outcomes for Māori compared with non-Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Fever and a new murmur
Understanding of inequities in the incidence, management and outcomes of myocardial infarction and gout for Māori compared with non-Māori, and application of this to clinical decision making and management	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Understanding of the role of kaupapa Māori cancer and health policies, services and research in reducing inequalities	Patient with jaundice
Understanding of the role of kaupapa Māori cancer services and research in reducing inequalities	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Understanding of the role of kaupapa Māori health policies, services and research in reducing heart failure inequalities	Heart failure
Understanding of the role of kaupapa Māori health policies, services and research in reducing cancer inequalities	Dysphagia
Understanding of the role of kaupapa Māori health policies, services and research in reducing cardiovascular disease and gout inequalities	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Understanding of the role of kaupapa Māori health policies, services and research in reducing cardiovascular disease inequalities	Stable angina
Understanding of the role of kaupapa Māori health policies, services and research in reducing inequalities (e.g. meningitis vaccine policy/programme, domestic violence and parenting programmes for whānau)	Infant or child with easy bruising
Understanding of the role of kaupapa Māori health policies, services and research in reducing inequalities such as the Unequal Treatment Research at Eru Pomare and the Heart Guide Aotearoa service for cardiac rehabilitation	Acute chest pain
Understanding of the role of kaupapa Māori health policies, services and research in reducing rheumatic heart disease inequalities	Valvular heart disease, Fever and a new murmur
Understanding of the role of kaupapa Māori health services and research in reducing cancer inequalities	Gross haematuria
Understanding of the role of kaupapa Māori health services, particularly diabetes programmes	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Understanding of the role of kaupapa Māori mental health policies, services and research in reducing inequalities	Acute psychosis
Understanding of the role of kaupapa Māori screening programmes in reducing inequalities	Genetic testing information, Breast lump and screening
Understanding the barriers to care that whānau face such as impact of caring for sick child for working parents	Child with respiratory distress
Understanding the culture of medicine and awareness of own socialisation into that culture	Teaching
Understanding the importance of whānau-centred care and Māori attitudes toward residential care	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Understanding the mana held by Māori elders	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Understanding the place of kaumātua among Māori	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Understanding the role of kaupapa Māori cancer services and research	Adult with abdominal mass
Understanding the role of kaupapa Māori services and research (e.g. Toi Tu service in Tamaki Makaurau)	Itching child
Unequal access to and quality of diabetes care for Māori compared with non-Māori	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Unequal burden of infectious diseases on Māori	Febrile infant
Unequal treatment for the management of cardiovascular disease	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Whānau care giving and reimbursement	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Whānau responsibilities of the patient	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Whānau role in ‘breaking bad news’ including impact on fertility	Abnormal cervical smear result
Whānau role in ‘breaking bad news’ including impact on fertility	Groin lump
Wider determinants and diabetes including disproportionate impact of socioeconomic deprivation on Māori	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Working with Māori providers	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
New Zealand Immunisation Schedule	6 week check
Screening for intimate partner violence and mental health problems during pregnancy	Pregnancy diagnosis
Smoking as a risk factor for late pregnancy complications	Late pregnancy complications
Cardiovascular risk factors - elevated blood pressure, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia	Sudden painless loss of vision
Smoking cessation	Inflammatory low back pain
Smoking cessation programs	Abnormal cervical smear result
Access to clean water and public healthcare; remote and farming community water contamination	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Access to health services for diagnosis and treatment of valvular heart disease: promotion of prompt and effective care	Valvular heart disease
Access to healthcare resources: implantable defibrillators	Arrhythmias
Access to local or national multidisciplinary neurodevelopment and/or child psychiatry services	Before school check
Access to public hospital specialist eye care	Diplopia
Access to specialist paediatric surgery services and emergency airway support in New Zealand	Neonatal stridor
Access to timely treatment/referral; provision of primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients in regional-rural locations	Acute chest pain
Accident prevention/screening for safety in the home including domestic violence	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Adult health consequences of paediatric disease	Chronic sputum production
Advocacy role of medical professionals	Alcohol
Age-appropriate immunisation status	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Aids to smoking cessation: what is working?	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Alcohol and recreational drug use in young people in New Zealand	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Antenatal care and optimizing maternal health	Labour
Antenatal care structure and providers in New Zealand (lead maternity carers)	Unwell neonate
Antibiotic stewardship	Pneumonia
Appreciation of increased incidence of family violence during pregnancy	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Approaches to prevention of obesity and diabetes: strengths and limitations of each	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Appropriate and sensitive communication with contacts; contact tracing	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Appropriate career advice to patients with skin disease	Adult eczema
Appropriate prescribing of antibiotics in the community	Febrile infant
Assessment and sensitivities/checklist and referral	Infant or child with easy bruising
Associated health risks for marginalised group (mental health, sexual violence, discrimination and difficulty accessing health care)	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Audiology and newborn screening	Before school check
Availability of health and educational services in New Zealand for people with disabilities	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Awareness of impact of socioeconomic deprivation on Māori and others (e.g. burden on families who have to travel to tertiary centre to receive treatment)	Infant or child with a murmur
Awareness of potential co-morbidities such as metabolic syndrome, tobacco consumption and earlier mortality	Acute psychosis
Awareness of resistance as a potential result of antibiotic treatment; relationship between antimicrobial consumption and prevalence of antibiotic resistance at individual and community level	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Awareness of safety of medications in early pregnancy and their use in reproductive age women	Hypothyroidism
Awareness of social and demographic determinants of infectious disease	Fever and headache, Fever and adenopathy
Awareness of the difficulties in eradicating scabies from institutions	Rest home resident with itching and rash
Awareness of the general features of the coronary heart disease epidemic in New Zealand	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Awareness of WHO/UK Medical Eligibility Criteria risk stratification for contraceptive choices	Contraception
Be aware of NZ Family Violence Clearinghouse as source of research expertise and current information: www.nzfvc.org.nz	Intimate Partner Violence
Be aware of The University of Auckland Family Violence Project that addresses resources for students and staff: https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/about-us/about-the-university/equity-at-the-university/family-violence-its-not-ok.html	Intimate Partner Violence
Benefits of breast feeding for women and their babies	Postpartum care
Breast cancer screening; rationale, requirements for success and performance of the Breast Screen Aotearoa programme	Genetic testing information, Breast lump and screening
Broad determinants of health approach to determinants of overweight and obesity (Dahlgren and Whitehead)	Childhood obesity
Burden of alcohol abuse on Emergency Department services in New Zealand	Hand injury
Burden of disease attributable to alcohol	Alcohol
Burden of disease attributable to smoking	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Burden of post-operative complications to society and healthcare	Postoperative complications
Burden on families who have to travel to tertiary centre to receive treatment	Labour
Cardiac arrest in the community: high risk groups, prognosis, opportunities for prevention	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Causes of heart failure and opportunities for prevention	Heart failure
Child and maternal health care providers in New Zealand	Infant with jaundice
Chronic acquired disability and ongoing cost of injuries to community	Neck injury
Chronic disease management and social implications	Tremor and parkinsonism
Classify cardiovascular risk factors into modifiable and non-modifiable	Stable angina
Clustering of eating disorders, influence of media on body shape and attitudes towards weight	Eating disorders
Co-occurrence of intimate partner violence and child abuse and neglect	Intimate Partner Violence
Common causes of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss amongst patients presenting to primary care	Hearing loss
Communicating risk - sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Community and national services available for people with hearing impairment including hearing aids and cochlear implants	Congenital hearing loss
Community based programmes that can help diabetics to manage their disease	Annual eye screen for patient with diabetes
Community management of asthma	Child with respiratory distress
Community reporting of adverse drug reactions: Centre for Adverse Reactions Monitoring (CARM)	Facial swelling and itchy rash
Community strategies for the control of tuberculosis: immunisation, contact tracing, effective treatment measures including directly observed therapy (DOT)	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Compensation of occupationally-acquired illness	Worsening shortness of breath
Consequences of high Caesarean section rate on maternal and perinatal outcomes	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Cost of overweight and obesity across the life course	Childhood obesity
Cost to health boards of universal treatment for age-related macular degeneration	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Cost to individual and community of blindness and severe visual impairment	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Cost-benefit analysis of drugs used to treat dementia	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Cost-benefit of bariatric surgery	Daytime sleepiness
Cost-effective prevention of coronary heart disease	Stable angina
Cost-effectiveness of heart failure treatment	Heart failure
Cost-effectiveness of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands, Swollen and tender joints
Cost-effectiveness of interventions	Alcohol
Cost-effectiveness of screening for H. pylori	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Costs and benefits of PSA tests	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Costs of unnecessary population screening	Headache
Cultural differences in the perception of menopause	Menopause
Current screening initiatives for rheumatic fever and options for reducing rates in New Zealand context	Child with sore joints
Debate the pros and cons of wider distribution of defibrillators in community settings	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Definition and scope of intimate partner violence (MoH Guideline, NZ Family Violence Clearinghouse)	Intimate Partner Violence
Definition of a disease outbreak	Infectious disease outbreak
Delivering sustainable comprehensive health services to rural communities	Epilepsy / seizure
Demographic projections for New Zealand: age, ethnicity, disability	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Demographics of commonly inherited conditions in the New Zealand population	Family with a genetic disorder
Describe the global burden of obesity, risk factors and lifestyle associated with obesity	Obesity
Design of observational clinical studies; case-control, cohort	6 week check
Determinants of smoking	Teaching
Development of guidelines and protocols	Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Developmental delay and cerebral palsy: impact on the health and education system	Labour
Dialysis and transplantation in New Zealand; access to services	Child with generalised swelling
Difference between antenatal screening and diagnostic test for fetal abnormality	Fetal health
Distribution of obesity in the New Zealand population: possible explanations and implications for health care	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Economic and social impacts of fatigue	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Effect of prevalence on predictive values for diagnostic tests	Dizziness and vertigo
Effect of women delaying childbearing on fertility	Infertility
Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of screening tests for bowel cancer and gynaecological cancers in the general population	Adult with abdominal mass
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of anti-TNF treatments	Inflammatory low back pain
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of new treatments for epilepsy	Epilepsy / seizure
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of PSA screening in the general population	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of renal replacement therapy options	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for and treating osteoporosis	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Employability and sickness benefits - leading to increased deprivation	Non-specific back pain
Endocarditis prophylaxis	Fever and a new murmur
Environmental and lifestyle risk factors for various cancers	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Environmental exposures and lung disease	Worsening shortness of breath
Epidemiologic differences in growth (WHO growth charts vs NZ)	Failure to thrive
Epidemiology and health effects of obesity	Daytime sleepiness
Epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmitted infections, gallstones and urinary tract infection	Acute abdominal pain
Epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmitted infections	Contraception
Epidemiology and prognosis of renal calculus disease	Flank pain and dysuria
Epidemiology in New Zealand of otitis media with effusion	Glue ear
Epidemiology in New Zealand of inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and coeliac disease and burden of these conditions (in New Zealand and globally)	Chronic bowel motility problems
Epidemiology in New Zealand of malignant hyperpyrexia	Preoperative assessment and management
Epidemiology in New Zealand of MRSA, VRE, ESBL	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Epidemiology in New Zealand of postoperative complications	Postoperative complications
Epidemiology in New Zealand of thromboembolic disease occurring in hospitalised patients	Postoperative complications
Epidemiology New Zealand of accidental and non-accidental mortality and morbidity in children	Before school check
Epidemiology of tonsillitis in adults	Upper airway disease
Epidemiology of rheumatic fever	Fever and a new murmur
Epidemiology of spondyloarthritis.	Reactive arthritis
Epidemiology of dysphagia; risk factors and prevalence of underlying disorders	Dysphagia
Epidemiology of acute respiratory illness in children	Child with respiratory distress
Epidemiology of obesity; how to modify the risk of adverse outcomes	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Epidemiology of jaundice in newborns	Infant with jaundice
Epidemiology of rheumatic fever; New Zealand rates in international context; rheumatic fever register	Child with sore joints
Epidemiology of eating disorders	Eating disorders
Epidemiology of personality disorders	Personality disorder
Epidemiology of anxiety disorders, hypnosedative prescription and use	Anxiety disorder
Epidemiology of delirium/acute confusion state, schizophrenia, substance abuse, substance withdrawal, herpes simplex virus, meningitis	Agitated and combative patient
Epidemiology of dementia and delirium	Delirium / dementia
Epidemiology of substance abuse	Bipolar affective disorder
Epidemiology of schizophrenia	Acute psychosis
Epidemiology of bipolar affective disorder	Bipolar affective disorder
Epidemiology of acne vulgaris (prevalent in adolescence but also occurs in adults)	Pimples and rash on the face
Epidemiology of rosacea (usually affects those over 30 years but can affect younger individuals)	Pimples and rash on the face
Epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis, risk factors, prognosis, time trends	Swollen and tender joints
Epidemiology of SLE: age, gender, prevalence	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Epidemiology of systemic sclerosis: age, gender, ethnicity	Painful hands in the cold
Epidemiology of ankylosing spondylitis and spondyloarthropathies including ethnic differences	Inflammatory low back pain
Epidemiology of asthma and atopy/anaphylaxis	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Epidemiology of syncope and atrial fibrillation	Arrhythmias
Epidemiology of testicular torsion, epididymitis and cancer (age, gender, prevalence, likelihood of presentation)	Acute severe testicular pain
Epidemiology of leukaemias: age, gender and prevalence	Pancytopenia
Epidemiology of anaemia: common scenarios and population distribution	Anaemia
Epidemiology of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphomas	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Epidemiology of lymphoma and thyroid cancer	Neck lump
Epidemiology of myeloma: age and prevalence	Pancytopenia
Epidemiology of myeloproliferative neoplasms	Polycythaemia
Epidemiology of deep vein thrombosis: risk factors, associated conditions, prevention and awareness	Deep vein thrombosis
Epidemiology of hyponatraemia and which populations are most at risk	Hyponatraemia
Epidemiology of pre-eclampsia and its recurrence risk	Late pregnancy complications
Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Epidemiology of colorectal cancer in New Zealand	Bowel obstruction
Epidemiology of migraine/headache and social impact	Headache
Epidemiology of angina	Stable angina
Epidemiology of H. pylori: prevalence, associations, treatment	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Epidemiology of N. meningitidis infection in New Zealand	Fever and headache
Epidemiology of S. pneumoniae infection in New Zealand	Fever and headache
Epidemiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): age, gender, prevalence, screening	Acute kidney injury
Epidemiology of abortion	Pregnancy diagnosis
Epidemiology of abuse	Falls and collapses
Epidemiology of acute coronary syndrome, aortic dissection, pericarditis and myocarditis	Acute chest pain
Epidemiology of acute limb ischaemia	Acutely painful limb
Epidemiology of Addison's disease and tuberculosis	Adrenal crisis
Epidemiology of alcohol abuse	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Epidemiology of alcohol-related harm	Hand injury
Epidemiology of asthma	Child with respiratory distress
Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation	Acutely painful limb
Epidemiology of back pain	Non-specific back pain
Epidemiology of bowel and gynaecological cancers; identify genetic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors for cancer development	Adult with abdominal mass
Epidemiology of breast cancer: lifetime risk, time trends, risk factors, opportunities for prevention	Genetic testing information, Breast lump and screening
Epidemiology of bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis	Chronic sputum production
Epidemiology of burns	Burns
Epidemiology of cancer and its impact on the society	Hypercalcaemia and back pain
Epidemiology of cellulitis, MRSA infections	Skin and soft tissue infection
Epidemiology of cervical and endometrial malignancy	Heavy menstrual periods
Epidemiology of cervical cancer	Abnormal cervical smear result
Epidemiology of CHD: causes, risks, screening for in neonates	Infant or child with a murmur
Epidemiology of common age-related eye diseases that may profoundly affect vision: age-related macular degeneration, chronic open angle glaucoma, cataract, and diabetic retinopathy	Gradual deterioration in visual acuity over time
Epidemiology of congenital cataract	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Epidemiology of deliberate self-harm and domestic violence	Superficial injuries
Epidemiology of dementia	Pneumonia
Epidemiology of depression and alcohol abuse in older people	Major depressive episode
Epidemiology of diabetes insipidus	Diabetes insipidus
Epidemiology of diffuse lung disease subtypes	Worsening shortness of breath
Epidemiology of dizziness, including prevalence of serious pathology	Dizziness and vertigo
Epidemiology of Down syndrome and other common chromosomal and congenital fetal abnormalities	Fetal health
Epidemiology of dyspepsia, pernicious anaemia, gastric cancer, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease	Chronic upper abdominal symptoms
Epidemiology of early cognitive decline	Superficial injuries
Epidemiology of EBV and CMV infection in New Zealand	Fever and adenopathy
Epidemiology of epilepsy	Epilepsy / seizure
Epidemiology of essential hypertension and gestational hypertension	Secondary hypertension
Epidemiology of falls	Falls and collapses
Epidemiology of falls and impact of fractured neck of femur on individual	Hip fracture
Epidemiology of falls and strategies of preventing falls	Regional limb pain
Epidemiology of genetic haemochromatosis	Haemochromatosis
Epidemiology of gestational diabetes	Diabetes in pregnancy
Epidemiology of group B streptococcal disease and screening in pregnancy	Unwell neonate
Epidemiology of gynaecological cancers and their risk factors (obesity, human papilloma virus, polycystic ovarian syndrome, unopposed oestrogen use)	Postmenopausal bleeding
Epidemiology of hepatitis B and C, HIV	Needlestick injury
Epidemiology of HIV infection in New Zealand and internationally	Fever and adenopathy
Epidemiology of hypertension and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in pregnancy	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Epidemiology of hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism
Epidemiology of hypothyroidism	Hypothyroidism
Epidemiology of infectious diarrhoea in New Zealand and worldwide	Diarrhoea
Epidemiology of infertility	Infertility
Epidemiology of influenza, COVID and other respiratory viral illnesses	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Epidemiology of inherited coagulation abnormalities	Infant or child with easy bruising
Epidemiology of injuries for the major sports in New Zealand	Dislocated joint
Epidemiology of intellectual disability	Chronic illness in paediatrics
Epidemiology of intracranial bleeding	Sudden onset severe headache
Epidemiology of intracranial tumours, including prognosis and survival	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Epidemiology of liver disease	Chronic liver disease
Epidemiology of lung cancer	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray, Pupil abnormality
Epidemiology of medically unexplained symptoms	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Epidemiology of miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease and their recurrence risks	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Epidemiology of motor vehicle crashes	Neck injury
Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis and motor neuron disease	Neuromuscular disease / generalised muscle weakness
Epidemiology of mumps: likelihood of testicular involvement (age, gender, prevalence)	Acute severe testicular pain
Epidemiology of nasal squamous cell carcinoma, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, epistaxis, nasal polyp	Epistaxis
Epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, PCOS	Obesity
Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnoea and obesity hyperventilation syndrome	Daytime sleepiness
Epidemiology of occupational lung disease	Worsening shortness of breath
Epidemiology of other substance abuse	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
Epidemiology of other common hereditary diseases	Haemochromatosis
Epidemiology of outbreaks - common infections and common populations	Infectious disease outbreak
Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer and gallstones	Patient with jaundice
Epidemiology of PCOS	Amenorrhoea
Epidemiology of peptic ulcer disease and chronic liver disease	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Epidemiology of perianal disease	Perianal pathology
Epidemiology of peripheral vascular disease	Acutely painful limb
Epidemiology of pneumonia	Pneumonia
Epidemiology of POF	Amenorrhoea
Epidemiology of polypharmacy	Accidental overdose
Epidemiology of postnatal mental health disorders and postpartum haemorrhage	Postpartum care
Epidemiology of preterm birth	Late pregnancy complications
Epidemiology of prostatism	Elevation of prostate-specific antigen
Epidemiology of psoriasis	Rash on extensor surfaces and joint pains
Epidemiology of pyrexia in infancy	Febrile infant
Epidemiology of rheumatic fever; New Zealand rates in international context; rheumatic fever register	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Epidemiology of road traffic crashes including alcohol and drugs; strategies for prevention	Penetrating chest trauma
Epidemiology of secondary hypertension	Secondary hypertension
Epidemiology of self-harm methods and completed suicide	Self-harm
Epidemiology of serious food allergy: time trends, risk factors, opportunities for prevention	Compromised airway, Food allergy in paediatrics
Epidemiology of shoulder dislocation	Dislocated joint
Epidemiology of skin cancers	Skin tumours
Epidemiology of spinal stenosis, intermittent claudication, peripheral neuropathy, ulcers and varicose veins	Chronic limb pain
Epidemiology of sporting injuries	Knee injury
Epidemiology of STIs	Reactive arthritis
Epidemiology of STIs and urinary tract infections	Dysuria
Epidemiology of stroke and TIA in New Zealand	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Epidemiology of stroke in those with atrial fibrillation	Arrhythmias
Epidemiology of structural heart disease	Valvular heart disease
Epidemiology of substance abuse and awareness of different substance abuse in different populations	Acute psychosis
Epidemiology of teenage pregnancy	Pregnancy diagnosis
Epidemiology of thalassaemias: ethnicity, age, gender and prevalence	Anaemia
Epidemiology of tuberculosis	Neck lump
Epidemiology of tuberculosis in New Zealand	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus: change over time, including management	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Epidemiology of upper respiratory tract infections	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Epidemiology of upper respiratory tract malignancy	Upper airway disease
Epidemiology of urinary incontinence	Urinary incontinence in women
Epidemiology of work 'accidents' and road traffic crashes	Daytime sleepiness
Epidemiology, risk factors and prognosis of chronic kidney disease, including trends over time and by ethnic group, impact of ageing population and metabolic syndrome	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Epidemiology, risk factors, prognosis for stroke	Sudden onset severe headache
Ethical, social, and medical issues around genetic screening	Adult with abdominal mass
Ethics and economics of treatment of infectious diseases in developing countries	Febrile returning traveller
Ethics of access to healthcare resources for expensive therapies	Pancytopenia
Ethics of treatment, patient-informed choice and impact of quality of life	Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Evaluation of risks to children in New Zealand household (child-proof containers)	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Family screening for polycystic kidney disease, including ethics	Gross haematuria
Forensic medicine	Burns
Global burden of infectious disease (including malaria)	Febrile returning traveller
Global health and pandemic control	Pneumonia
Global health perspective of diarrhoea; leading cause of death and hospitalisation in children	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Global health: diffuse lung disease in developing countries	Worsening shortness of breath
Global health; causes and epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma in different countries	Chronic shortness of breath
Global health; epidemiology of smoking and lung cancer	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Global health; epidemiology of tuberculosis, HIV and tuberculosis (including drug-resistant tuberculosis)	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Growing burden of osteoarthritis care in an ageing population	Knee pain
Hand hygiene for community and healthcare workers; personal protective equipment (PPE)	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Health and economic implications of increasing operative deliveries	Labour
Health and safety in the home	Upper airway disease
Health and social services for care of those who have suffered severe head injury	Head trauma
Health benefits and risks of participation in organised sports	Head trauma
Health economics of the various treatments for heavy menstrual bleeding	Heavy menstrual periods
Health problems that disproportionately affect Māori; socio-economic deprivation and other factors (e.g. poorer access to and quality of health care)	Child with respiratory distress
Health promotion of breast feeding	Failure to thrive
High incidence of infections/rheumatic fever in New Zealand	Osteomyelitis
High risk populations and occupations	Alcohol and drug dependence disorders
HIV screening in pregnancy	Unwell neonate
Homelessness: reasons, support programmes, discrimination	Agitated and combative patient
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): risks, benefits, costs, regulation	Breast lump and screening
Housing as a determinant of health; overcrowding, quality of the indoor environment	Child with respiratory distress
How to reduce risk of serious injury in contact sports	Head trauma
Human papilloma virus vaccination programme	Dysuria
IgE-mediated food allergy is common (10% of children <5 yrs)	Food allergy in paediatrics
Immigrant health and screening for genetic traits (e.g. G6PD deficiency and thalassaemia traits in Asian/Mediterranean families)	Infant or child with pallor
Immunisation and vaccination uptake	Fever and headache
Immunisation schedule in New Zealand	Neonatal stridor
Immunisation status of adults in New Zealand	Hand injury
Immunisation: vaccine-preventable causes of arthritis (rubella, hepatitis B)	Child with sore joints
Impact and incidence of atopy in New Zealand children	Food allergy in paediatrics
Impact of low socio-economic status on attendance at follow-up clinics and adherence to therapeutic regimens	Annual eye screen for patient with diabetes
Impact on health services, including time off work and cost to ACC	Non-specific back pain
Impact on healthcare budgets and expenditures	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Impact on healthcare systems including primary and other levels of care	Medically unexplained physical symptoms
Implications and prevalence of unplanned pregnancies - resource 1 and 2	Contraception
Implications for type I diabetes mellitus in certain occupations including commercial driving	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Importance of smoking cessation in the household	Child with respiratory distress
Importance of antimicrobial stewardship and use of the narrowest spectrum antibiotic	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Importance of communication back to GP	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Importance of hospital 'morbidity and mortality' meeting and clinical governance	Postoperative complications
Importance of pre-pregnancy counselling and planning pregnancy in women with diabetes	Diabetes in pregnancy
Incidence and age normals of nocturnal enuresis in the population	Child with disorder of elimination
Incidence of antibiotic allergy	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Incidence of medical intervention in labour and birth	Labour
Incidence of renal anomaly, urinary infections in children by age group, male/female differences	Child with disorder of elimination
Increasing costs of sporting injuries in New Zealand	Knee injury
Increasing number of osteoporotic fractures with ageing population and costs to the health system	Hip fracture
Indications for referral for tonsillectomy for recurrent sore throat	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Individual and population prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the burden of the consequences of overweight and obesity	Childhood obesity
Infection control and prevention of transmission of respiratory pathogens	Pneumonia
Infection control and prevention of transmission of respiratory pathogens in community and health setting	Upper respiratory tract symptoms
Infection control mechanisms for respiratory pathogens	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Infectious disease surveillance	Diarrhoea
Influence of nutrition on maternal and foetal health	Child with abnormal gait
Influence of tobacco smoking and occupational exposure on the epidemiology of genitourinary tract cancers	Gross haematuria
Influenza, COVID and pneumococcal vaccination programmes	Chronic shortness of breath
Investigation of outbreak, composition of Oral Rehydration Solution (WHO formula)	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
Know the common reasons for caregivers not immunising their child and any contraindications for immunising	6 week check
Knowledge of antenatal screening programmes	Infant or child with a murmur
Knowledge of New Zealand National Poisons service/ website	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Knowledge of screening and immunisation programmes	Clinical audit
Knowledge of the commonness of many benign masses; awareness of rare malignant musculoskeletal tumours	Musculoskeletal lump
Knowledge of the Newborn Hearing Screening Programme	Congenital hearing loss
Knowledge of the “Never Shake A Baby” national campaign	Irritable infant
Legal criteria for abortion in New Zealand.	Pregnancy diagnosis
Legal guidelines for prescribing contraception particularly to under 16 year olds or vulnerable women groups or those incapable of informed choice	Contraception
Legal requirements regarding seatbelt and car restraints for children and infants	Before school check
Legislation around sun beds	Skin tumours
Life course associations between childhood overweight and chronic disease	Childhood obesity
Lifestyle modification in obese women to reduce risks of subsequent diabetes	Diabetes in pregnancy
Lifestyle/behaviours that may impact the progression of diabetes related complications	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Long-term care and public health implications of rheumatic fever and heart disease; potential for community, primary care and school-based prevention programmes	Child with sore joints
Long-term effects of prematurity	Late pregnancy complications
Long-term health care and educational needs of children with Down Syndrome	Fetal health
Long-term sequelae: impairment, disability and handicap	Head trauma
Major obstacles to implementation	Alcohol
Management of sore throat	Child with sore joints
Management, audit and monitoring of chronic arthritis	Swollen and tender joints
Management, audit and monitoring of chronic autoimmune disease	SLE / fatigue / pain and swelling in the hands
Maternal exposure to cardiovascular teratogen (anticonvulsants/rubella/alcohol)	Infant or child with a murmur
Models of antenatal care in New Zealand	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
Models of maternity care in New Zealand	Pregnancy diagnosis
Monitoring and success of cervical screening programmes	Heavy menstrual periods
Morbidity and mortality rates associated with eating disorders	Eating disorders
Most common world population causes for anaemia (sickle cell, thalassaemia and iron deficiency)	Infant or child with pallor
National immunisation schedule and preventable illness by vaccination	Infant with vomiting and diarrhoea
National newborn screening for genetic disease	Chronic sputum production
New Zealand cervical screening programmes	Heavy menstrual periods
New Zealand hepatitis B vaccination guidelines	Chronic liver disease
New Zealand immunisation programme	Upper airway disease
New Zealand Immunisation Schedule	Before school check, Upper respiratory tract symptoms
New Zealand meningococcal disease epidemiology typing, preventative strategies (including vaccinations)	Infant or child with easy bruising
New Zealand pregnancy screening programme	Fetal health
New Zealand vaccination programme	Needlestick injury
Newborn screening for metabolic disorders (Guthrie card)	6 week check
Non -pharmaceutical interventions used in pandemic control and planning	Pneumonia
Non-accidental injury, family violence and child protection services	Infant or child with easy bruising
Non-pharmacological methods of preventing urinary tract infections	Dysuria
Normal age-appropriate immunisation schedule	Child with respiratory distress
Notifiable disease	Diarrhoea
Notifiable diseases and protocols	Infectious disease outbreak
Notifiable diseases, professional and legal obligations for communicable disease reporting (eg: COVID)	Chronic shortness of breath
Notifiable infectious diseases	Dysuria
Notifiable infectious diseases: process, contact tracing, treatment and prophylaxis	Febrile returning traveller
Notification requirements relating to epidemics of viral conjuncitvities and public health systems around outbreak management	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Obesity epidemic, obesigenic environment and relationship to broader determinants of health	Obesity
Occupation restrictions in relation to acute or chronic illness	Diarrhoea
Opportunities to reduce disability caused by hearing loss	Hearing loss
Opportunity to assess health and discuss screening for chronic diseases relevant to older women	Menopause
Optimising maternal health for pregnancy, including folate and iodine supplementation, reviewing medcations, cessation of smoking, alcohol and illicit drugs, diet and exercise, and optimal gestational weight gain.	Pregnancy diagnosis
Options for prevention of disease and injury caused by alcohol	Alcohol
Organisation of breast care services	Postpartum care
Organisation of primary health care in New Zealand - what is a PHO, how it is funded and governed	AAA screening
Origins of cardiovascular risk charts	Stable angina
Origins of obesity	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Outbreak investigation and management	Infectious disease outbreak
Paediatric orthopaedic and acute surgical services in NZ	Fracture
Paediatric specialist services in New Zealand (e.g. orthopaedics, rheumatology, cardiology)	Child with sore joints
Paediatric surgical and transplant services in New Zealand	Infant with jaundice
Patient advocacy	Chronic sputum production
Pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy as risk factors for infertility	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Pelvic inflammatory disease as risk factor for ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Pharmaco-epidemiology relevant to asthma	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Pharmacoepidemiology of antidepressants and hypnosedatives	Major depressive episode
Pharmacogenetic screening for susceptibility to drug reactions where needed	Blisters
Population groups most severely affected by heart failure	Heart failure
Population health measures to control obesity and effectiveness (promotion of breast feeding, maternal nutrition, healthy eating habits, regulation of food industry and advertising)	Osteomyelitis
Population methods to reduce suicide and overdoses	Self-harm
Population-wide approaches to control of cardiovascular risk factors	Stable angina
Poverty, health literacy and nutrition	Infant or child with pallor
Pre-pregnancy counselling to prevent diseases with clear causation: neural tube defects	Fetal health
Present and future age structure of New Zealand population	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Prevalence and impact of gout including sequelae such as renal calculi, renal failure and gout arthritis	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors	Stable angina
Prevalence of intimate partner violence in NZ	Intimate Partner Violence
Prevalence of undescended testis	Groin lump
Prevalence, risks and resources for non-accidental injury and resources; strategies for prevention	Fracture
Preventable accidents and safety in the home and community	Fracture
Preventative health and health promotion needs for adolescents	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Preventative health in particular sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) prevention (and awareness of New Zealand literature on this); accident prevention in the home; informing parents of the recognition of the sick infant	6 week check
Preventative health regarding safety from accidents in the home, driveway and around water for preschoolers	Before school check
Preventative strategies in the home	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Prevention campaigns: sun safety information	Skin tumours
Prevention of otitis media with effusion related complications e.g. hearing loss, language impairment	Glue ear
Prevention of sexually transmitted infections (safer sex)	Acute severe testicular pain
Prevention of congenital infections (rubella immunisation programme)	Infant with an altered light reflex and watery eye
Prevention of HIV infection	Fever and adenopathy
Prevention of infertility in women of reproductive age	Acute abdominal pain
Prevention of meningococcal disease	Fever and headache
Prevention of mumps (MMR vaccination)	Acute severe testicular pain
Prevention of noise induced hearing loss	Hearing loss
Prevention of rheumatic heart disease: potential strategies, proven interventions	Valvular heart disease
Prevention of the spread of infectious diseases	Chronic liver disease
Prevention strategies and number needed to treat principles in stroke prevention	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Prevention strategies to target those at risk of suicide	Self-harm
Prevention, education and awareness related to hernias	Groin lump
Prevention: cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome	Gout / acute pain and swelling of knee
Prevention: surveillance of STIs, safer sex, current recommendations on Chlamydia screening	Reactive arthritis
Preventive strategies for work-related injuries	Forearm / wrist injury
Primary and secondary prevention of rheumatic fever	Fever and a new murmur
Primary and secondary prevention strategies for coronary artery disease	Acute chest pain
Principles of primary and secondary prevention	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Projections for life expectancy and years lived with disability	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Promotion of breast feeding	Irritable infant, 6 week check
Providing additional support for the child with learning difficulties	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Providing support and information to parents with practical management strategies	Disruptive behaviour disorder
Provision of cancer services and cancer networks	Space occupying lesion / progressive unilateral weakness
Provision of emergency ophthalmic services	Child with red swelling around one eye
Provision of emergency ophthalmic services for sight-threatening red eye	Acute or chronic red eye
Provision of emergency ophthalmic services for the management of acute severe injury including chemical burns	Acute trauma to the eye
Provision of health services for long-term conditions	Painful hands in the cold
Provision of paediatric surgical and emergency services nationally	Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents, Acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Provision of paediatric surgical and oncology services nationally; access and referral for children	Abdominal or inguinal lump
Provision of preschool vision screening including well child, Plunket, and B4 school screening to detect children with vision and ocular abnormalities	Infant or child with strabismus
Provision of rescue helicopter services across New Zealand	Penetrating chest trauma
Provision of services for temporal artery biopsy	Sudden loss of vision and headache
Provision of stroke services on a national scale	Stroke / TIA / sudden onset unilateral weakness
Provision, audit and monitoring of dialysis and renal transplantation services	Chronic kidney disease / asymptomatic worsening renal function
Public education re inhalational hazards	Worsening shortness of breath
Public health controls of STIs, safe sex and contact tracing	Febrile returning traveller
Public health implications including notification and contact tracing of sore throats in high risk households/whānau	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Public health issues relating to additives in food and water at a population health level (e.g. folic acid, fluoride)	Child with abnormal gait
Purpose of government enquiries and characteristics of effective submissions	Alcohol
Radiation risk from imaging for women of reproductive age	Acute abdominal pain
Rationale for routine screening for diabetes in pregnancy	Diabetes in pregnancy
Recognise the morbidity and mortality rates from mental health disorders in the puerperium	Postpartum care
Referral process and investigations required prior to abortion	Pregnancy diagnosis
Relationship between maternal age and the prevalence of trisomy 21	Fetal health
Relationship of alcohol abuse and interpersonal violence	Hand injury
Residential care: present needs, future requirements	Unexplained loss of consciousness
Resource constraints and the effect on waiting lists for joint replacement	Knee pain
Rheumatic heart disease: high risk populations, risk factors for individuals	Valvular heart disease
Rising prevalence of obesity among children	Osteomyelitis
Risk factors for mental impairment and dementia	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Risk of CHD in babies of diabetic mothers	Infant or child with a murmur
Risk of CHD in first degree relatives	Infant or child with a murmur
Risk of late pregnancy bleeding and most common contributing factors	Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy
Risks and benefits of screening for colon cancer on a population basis	Rectal bleeding
Risks associated with personality disorders	Personality disorder
Role as an advocate in tobacco control	Chronic shortness of breath
Role of Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative in promoting breastfeeding, and importance of support of partner and family	Postpartum care
Role of community organisations	Chronic sputum production
Role of dietary supplementation with iodine in pregnancy	Hypothyroidism
Role of ectopic pregnancy as cause of maternal mortality	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Role of medical professionals in the community	Childhood obesity
Role of obesity in endometrial hyperplasia/malignancy	Heavy menstrual periods
Role of obesity in impaired glucose tolerance and subsequent gestational or type 2 diabetes	Diabetes in pregnancy
Role of public health services in management of tuberculosis including contact tracing and directly observed therapy	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Role of regular clinical breast examination and mammograms	Genetic testing information, Breast lump and screening
Role of routine condom use to reduce transmission of sexually transmitted infections	Abnormal cervical smear result
Role of smoking on etiology of ectopic pregnancy	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Role of the HPV vaccination and potential impact on the epidemiology of cervical cancer	Abnormal cervical smear result
Role of the brief intervention in alcohol abuse	Hand injury
Roles of Child, Youth and Family/Puawaitahi services	Fracture
Safe sex education	Dysuria
Science of screening tests	Breast lump and screening
Science of screening tests; criteria required to institute a screening programme	Genetic testing information
Screening - the difference between opportunistic and organised screening, what is required for screening to be effective, factors influencing cost-effectiveness, the advantages and disadvantages of locating screening in primary health care	AAA screening
Screening for rheumatic fever (and sequalae)	Fever and a new murmur
Screening for diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia	Obesity
Screening for cancer of the cervix: rationale, requirements for success, performance of the New Zealand programme	Abnormal cervical smear result
Screening for congenital heart defects	Fever and a new murmur
Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma	Chronic liver disease
Screening for risk factors	Acute chest pain
Screening of hearing in primary schools	Glue ear
Screening programmes for colorectal cancer including analysis of risks and benefits	Bowel obstruction
Screening throughout pregnancy for early symptoms and signs of pre-eclampsia and preterm labour	Late pregnancy complications
Sensitivity and specificity of screening tests for ovarian cancer in general and high risk population (CA-125, transvaginal ultrasound)	Postmenopausal bleeding
Sequelae for children exposed of intimate partner violence, even in absence of physical or sexual child abuse	Intimate Partner Violence
Sequelae of rheumatic fever and screening and/or treatment options	Fever and a new murmur
Sequelae of severe head injury: physical, cognitive and psychiatric complications; rehabilitation	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Service provision for incontinence	Urinary incontinence in women
Service provision for those with dementia and their carers	Dementia / disturbance of memory / cognitive function
Service provision in the health service: criteria for urgent referral (patient focus)	Gross haematuria
Service provision in the health service: criteria for urgent referral, prioritisation of medical imaging	Pupil abnormality
Services for those with hearing impairment	Hearing loss
Short- and long-term health consequences of family violence, including physical, sexual and reproductive, and psychological and behavioural	Intimate Partner Violence
Skin infections common in New Zealand and epidemiology of post-streptococcal nephritis	Child with generalised swelling
Smoking as the most important environmental trigger for rheumatoid arthritis	Swollen and tender joints
Smoking cessation programmes	Contraception
Smoking: risk/lifestyle factors and preventive strategies	Dysphagia
Social and economic determinants of health	Chronic sputum production
Social and ethnic distribution of harm caused by alcohol	Alcohol
Social and ethnical barriers to access to healthcare	Heart failure
Social care structure for dementia	Pneumonia
Social determinants of rheumatic fever	Child with sore joints
Social determinants of disease	Upper airway disease
Social determinants of rheumatic fever	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Social determinants of skin and soft tissue infection (including consideration of overcrowding, cost of treatments)	Skin and soft tissue infection
Social impact of trauma, particularly in younger patients	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Societal costs of injuries and associated long-term disability	Forearm / wrist injury
Societal determined factors associated with non-accidental injury and family violence (e.g. deprivation)	Infant or child with easy bruising
Socio-economic determinants of health	Sudden onset shortness of breath
Standardised pre-admission forms and protocols	Pre-admission and surgical risk assessment
Strategies for preventing burns in the home	Burns
Strategies for preventing cutting and piercing injuries	Superficial injuries
Strategies for preventing falls in older adults	Hip fracture
Strategies for preventing falls in older people	Falls and collapses
Strategies for preventing harm from alcohol	Hand injury
Strategies for preventing road traffic crashes	Neck injury
Strategies for preventing sporting injuries	Knee injury
Strategies for prevention of head injuries	Altered level of consciousness in an adult
Strategies for prevention of tetanus (vaccination)	Superficial injuries
Strategies to reduce obesity and strategies to reduce impact of obesity	Obesity
Stroke services	Sudden onset severe headache
Suicide trends in New Zealand population groups	Self-harm
The epidemiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm - who is most likely to be affected, what is the natural history of this condition, what the modifiable risk factors are for the condition	AAA screening
The interface between population health and primary care	Clinical audit
The process of drug development, licensing and Pharmaceutical Management Agency (PHARMAC) funding	Breast lump and screening
The role of high risk pregnancy clinics	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
The role of intrapartum antibiotics in women colonised with group B Streptococcus	Unwell neonate
The role of pre-conceptual counselling in all women of reproductive age; folic acid, weight loss, smoke-free counselling, avoiding alcohol and drugs, early booking with lead maternity carer (LMC)	Risk assessment in early pregnancy
The role of sexually transmitted infections in tubal factor infertility	Infertility
Tobacco control	Haemoptysis and abnormal chest X-ray
Trauma as a leading cause of death in young people (in developed countries)	Neck injury
Trends in population rates of overweight and obesity - NZ and global	Childhood obesity
Understand different epidemiology of cardiovascular disease for Māori, Pacific and South Asian peoples	Secondary hypertension
Understand frequency (NZ Youth health survey 2012 estimated that approximately 1.2% of adolescents identify as transgender)	Trans- and Gender Diverse Health
Understand key policy and legislation relevant to responding to family violence in NZ, for example, Domestic Violence Act, Oranga Tamariki Act (1989) and Vulnerable Children’s Act	Intimate Partner Violence
Understand preventative health and how promotion of health and wellbeing in preschool children plus early identification of behavioural, developmental or other health concerns may affect child's ability to learn	Before school check
Understand that atopic diathesis is prevalent in New Zealand and a significant disease burden, particularly among children	Itching child
Understand the current screening approach to rheumatic fever prevention in New Zealand context including free sore throat clinic services offered in areas of high incidence and sore throat checks in schools	Sore throat management in the New Zealand context
Understanding of social determinants of health	Teaching
Understanding the clinical implications of recurrence of miscarriage and ectopic	Gynaecological abdominal pain
Understanding the inequitable distribution of child health outcomes, and the social determinants of child health	Before school check
Universal screening for maternal mental health disorders	Postpartum care
Use of patient support groups and charities	Acute presentation of diabetes mellitus
Vaccination programmes to control disease including influenza, pneumococcal and COVID vaccination	Pneumonia
Vaccination to prevent infectious disease in childhood and ability to check National Immunisation Register	Febrile infant
Vaccination to prevent meningitis and encephalitis (Hib, pneumococcal, meningococcal, measles)	Altered level of consciousness in a child
Vaccine preventable disease (near eradication of Haemophilus influenza type b disease; previously common cause of facial cellulitis)	Child with red swelling around one eye
Vaccine-preventable disease (varicella)	Osteomyelitis
Variations in Vitamin D deficiency across populations	Child with abnormal gait
Vasculitides - incidence, risk factors and natural history	Headache, morning stiffness and shoulder pain
Wider health determinants for children’s health including poverty, overcrowding, poor housing	Febrile infant
Workplace accidents; the role of the Department of Health and Safety and ACC	Forearm / wrist injury
Worldwide prevalence of malaria according to region and recommendations for prophylaxis for travellers	Febrile returning traveller
Youth health and suicide	Overdose in a child or adolescent
Phase 1	Learning Point Details	Scenario(s)